Nhazi na Ọgụgụ Isi nke Grid: Nchaji DC Smart maka Netwọk Ike Decarbonized

Nhazi na Ọgụgụ Isi nke Grid: Ihe Mere Nchaji Smart DC Ji Bụrụ Ntọala nke Netwọk Ike Decarbonized—Nnyocha Teknụzụ Miri Emi nke Njikọta Grid, Mmekọrịta Mmeghari ohuru, na Sistemụ Njikwa Akụrụngwa Ike Kesaa.

Okwu Mmalite: Njiko nke Ike na Njem

Mgbalị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka decarbonization na-emepụta ihe ịma aka n'akụkụ abụọ. N'otu akụkụ, grid eletriki ga-agụnye isi iyi ike mmeghari ohuru dị ka ifufe na anyanwụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, ngalaba njem na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik, na-emepụta nnukwu mkpa ike mpaghara. Smart DC Charging na-anọchite anya "onye na-egwu egwu" na njikọ a, na-agbanwe ihe gaara abụ ibu ọrụ grid ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa maka nkwụsi ike na decarbonization.

1. Fizik nke Mmekọrịta Grid

Igwe ọkụ eletrik ọdịnala na-adabere na ike nke igwe turbines buru ibu (kol, gas, nuklia) iji nọgide na-enwe ugboro ugboro ($50/60$ Hz). Ka anyị na-aga n'ihu na ike mmeghari ohuru, nke dabere na inverter, anyị na-efunahụ "ihe na-amịkọrọ ihe mberede" eke a.

1.1 Ike ọgwụgwụ na nzaghachi ugboro ugboro ngwa ngwa (FFR)

Chaja DC smart, nke nwere ihe ntụgharị ụzọ abụọ dị elu, nwere ike inye "intertia sịntetik." Site na inyocha ugboro grid $f$, aka njikwa chaja nwere ike ịgbanwe ike ya (ma ọ bụ mmepụta, na ọnọdụ V2G) na milliseconds iji lụso mgbanwe ọgụ. Usoro na-achịkwa maka nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro bụ Nha nhata Swing: $M \frac{df}{dt} = P_m – P_e$ Ebe $M$ bụ mgbanwe inertia, $P_m$ bụ ike mekaniki, na $P_e$ bụ ibu eletriki. Chaja smart nwere ike ịgbanwe $P_e$ n'ụzọ dị iche iche iji debe $df/dt$ n'ime oke nchekwa.

1.2 Mbelata Njikọta

Ịchaji DC gụnyere ịtụgharị AC ka ọ bụrụ DC. Usoro a nwere ike iweta mgbanwe harmonic zuru oke (THD) n'ime grid. Ndị na-enye chaja smart na-eji teknụzụ Active Front End (AFE) iji hụ na ihe na-esi na ya apụta bụ ebili mmiri sine zuru oke, na-egbochi mmebi na akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ dị nso.

2. Mmekọrịta Mmeghari ohuru: Ngwọta "Ọbọgwụ Duck"

"Ọkpụkpụ Duck" nke anyanwụ na-ebugharị na-anọchite anya oge ike karịrị akarị n'etiti ehihie, nke na-esochikwa oke ugwu a na-achọsi ike ka anyanwụ na-ada.

2.1 Usoro Nlekota Anyanwụ Algọridim

Enwere ike ijikọ ọdụ chaja smart DC na mmepụta anyanwụ mpaghara. Kama ịdị larịị, a na-eme ka ọsọ chaja $P(t)$ dabere na ọkụ anyanwụ n'oge a $G(t)$: $P(t) = k \cdot G(t) + P_{grid,min}$ Nke a na-eme ka EV na-eri elektrọn "akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" ozugbo, na-ebelata mfu ndị metụtara izipu ike na grid sara mbara.

3. Sistemụ Njikwa Akụrụngwa Ike Kesara (DERMS)

Maka onye na-arụ ọrụ grid, ọtụtụ puku chaja DC bụ Distributed Energy Resource (DER). Ijikwa ha chọrọ usoro DERMS dị elu.

3.1 Usoro Njikwa Nhazi

1. Njikwa Isi:Nzaghachi chaja mpaghara maka mgbanwe voltaji na ugboro ugboro.
2. Njikwa nke abụọ:Nhazi mpaghara site n'aka Onye Ọrụ Ọdụ Chaja (CSO) iji hazie ibu n'ofe obodo.
3. Njikwa nke Atọ:Iwu maka izipu grid dị elu site na Onye Ọrụ Sistemụ Nnyefe (TSO) maka iwepụ ibu mberede.

3.2 Blockchain maka Nhazi Ike

Ka EV na-ere ike azụ na grid (V2G), akaụntụ na-aghọ ihe mgbagwoju anya. Usoro nchekwa ọkụ eletrik nke Smart DC na-eji teknụzụ ndekọ ego nkesa (DLT) eme ihe iji nye obere ịkwụ ụgwọ doro anya, nke oge a na-akwụghị ụgwọ maka ọrụ grid nke ndị nwe ụgbọala nke ọ bụla na-enye.

4. Amụma Akụnụba: Uru nke Mgbanwe

"Uru nke Mgbanwe" bụ klaasị akụ ọhụrụ.

• Akwụsịla Ọnụ Ego Akụrụngwa:Site n'iji chaja smart iji kwụsị $100M na nkwalite ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike ịkwado nnukwu ihe mkpali maka ndị ọrụ DCFC.
• Ego Ọrụ Ndị Mgbakwunye:Ebe DCFC nwere ike irite $5,000 – $15,000 kwa ụlọ ahịa kwa afọ site na isonye na ahịa usoro iwu ugboro ugboro, ọbụlagodi tupu ere otu kWh nke mmanụ.

5. Akụkụ Kemịkalụ: Mmetụta V2G na Ahụike Batrị

Ihe a na-akatọkarị gbasara nhazi grid bụ mmetụta ọ na-enwe na ndụ batrị EV. Agbanyeghị, algọridim "Gentle V2G" kachasị ọhụrụ na-eme ka a hụ na mwepụta maka grid na-eme naanị n'ime windo Ọnọdụ-Charge (SoC) kacha mma (nke na-abụkarị 40-70%) na na obere ọnụego C, na-ebelata nrụgide kemịkalụ nke intercalation na uto oyi akwa siri ike-electrolyte interphase (SEI).

6. Mmechi: Ntọala nke Ọdịnihu Emepụtara na Kabọn

Nchaji DC Smart abụghị naanị maka ibugharị ike; ọ bụ maka ibugharị ọgụgụ isi. Site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka àkwà mmiri dị n'etiti grid mmeghari ohuru na-agbanwe agbanwe na otu ndị na-echekwa ike na-agagharị, ọ na-enye nhazi dị mkpa iji mee ka netwọk ike decarboned 100% bụrụ eziokwu. Ọdịnihu nke ike bụ nke kesara, nke nwere ọgụgụ isi, na nke eletriki.

(Rịba ama: Nke a dị ihe dị ka okwu 1400. Ịgbasa nke a ga-achọ omimi miri emi n'ime usoro OpenADR, ntụnyere topology inverter kpọmkwem, na ihe atụ zuru ezu nke Monte Carlo nke nkwụsi ike grid n'okpuru ntinye EV 50%.)

7. Usoro Nkwurịta Okwu: "Netwọk Neural" nke Grid (ISO 15118 & OCPP 2.0.1)

Ka nhazi grid wee rụọ ọrụ, chaja ọ bụla ga-asụrịrị otu asụsụ.

7.1 ISO 15118: Nkwụnye na Chaja na aka aka V2G

Usoro a na-enye ụgbọala ohere ịmata onwe ya na grid na akpaghị aka. "Usoro Ịma Aka" gụnyere:

• Nyocha Dabere na Asambodo:Iji hụ na ụgbọala na chaja bụ ndị ha kwuru na ha bụ.
• Njikwa Nnyefe Ike:Ikwe ka grid ahụ kparịta ọnụego chaja dabere na ikike oge.

7.2 OCPP 2.0.1: Isi ihe dị mkpa nke CSO

Usoro Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) bụ ihe na-enye onye ọrụ chaja ohere ijikwa ọtụtụ puku ngwaike dị iche iche site na otu dashboard. Ụdị 2.0.1 webatara atụmatụ "Smart Charging" dị elu, gụnyere ikike maka grid izipu "Price Signals" ozugbo na chaja.

8. Ohere Microgrid: Ike anyanwụ + Nchekwa + DCFC

Netwọk nke mebiri emebi n'ezie bụ obere grid na-agwọ onwe ya.

8.1 Agwaetiti Fiziks

Ọ bụrụ na grid ahụ ada ada kpamkpam, ebe nchekwa anyanwụ na nke na-anaghị echekwa ihe nwere ike "ịbanye n'agwaetiti" n'onwe ya, na-aga n'ihu na-enye ike mberede nye ụgbọala na akụrụngwa dị mkpa dị nso. Nke a chọrọ "Inverters-Forming Grid" nke nwere ike ịmepụta ugboro na ntụaka voltaji nke ha.

9. Ihe ngosi ọnụahịa algọridim na omume ndị ahịa: "Echiche egwuregwu" nke ịchaji

Nhazi grid bụ ihe gbasara akparamàgwà mmadụ dịka ọ gbasara elektrọn."Algọridim Mkpali":Onye na-ahụ maka grid na-enye mbelata $0.05/kWh ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrụ ekwe ka chaja "kwụsị" ọsọ ha n'oge oke. Algọridim ahụ ga-agbakọ "Ntugharị Kachasị Mma" iji hụ na ndị ọrụ zuru oke sonyere iji mee ka grid ahụ kwụsie ike n'enweghị nsogbu oke.

10. Nchekwa Saịba maka Netwọk Ike Emepere Emepe

Netwọk nke ọtụtụ nde chaja ejikọrọ bụ nnukwu ebe mwakpo.

• Mwakpo Mmadụ n'Etiti (MitM):Igbochi ndị na-agba ọsọ mbanye anataghị ikike igbochi ịkwụ ụgwọ V2G.
• Mwakpo Grid Kwụsie Ike:Iji hụ na onye na-eme ihe ọjọọ enweghị ike "ịgbanye" chaja ọ bụla dị n'obodo n'otu oge, na-eme ka ọkụ gbanyụọ kpamkpam.

Nhazi nchekwa "Ikuku-Gapped" na ọkwa ọdụ ụgbọ ala bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke atụmatụ nhazi grid n'ọdịnihu.

11. Mmechi: Ịhazi Symphony nke Electrons

Mgbanwe gaa na netwọk ike decarbonized bụ ihe ịma aka injinia kachasị mgbagwoju anya na narị afọ nke 21. Smart DC Charging bụ onye na-eduzi symphony a, na-ahụ na mgbanwe nke anyanwụ na ifufe dabara nke ọma na mkpa ngagharị nke ụwa nke oge a. Site na ọgụgụ isi, nhazi, na physics dị elu, anyị na-ewu grid nke na-abụghị naanị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, kamakwa nke siri ike ma bụrụ nke a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi karịa mgbe ọ bụla ọzọ.