Ingamba zo Gukoresha Inyubako zo Gushyushya mu Buyapani mu Miyaga Ikomeye 2026: Igishushanyo mbonera cya Hokkaido -30°C Ubukonje n'Ubushyuhe bwa Okinawa 35°C

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ingaruka mbi cyane: munsi ya -20°C, ubushobozi bwa bateri ikoreshwa bugabanukaho 20–40% naho imbaraga zo gusharija zikagabanukaho 30–60%, bigasaba gushyushya mbere no kwishyura ubushyuhe.
• Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwinshi: 35°C-plus ikirere gishyira ubushyuhe mu ihuriro ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ku rugero rungana, bigabanya umusaruro kuva kuri 5–15% kandi byihutisha gusaza kw'ibikoresho byo gukingira.
• Uburyo bwo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge: modules z'amashanyarazi zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (-40°C kugeza +75°C), gukonjesha amazi, gukonjesha birwanya gukonjesha n'uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushuhe bushyushye.
• Ingamba zo kurwanya sisitemu: Gushyushya mbere ya BESS-plus-charging, imiyoboro yo gusharija mu bushyuhe buke (gushyushya mbere ya amashanyarazi make hanyuma ukazamuka) hamwe no gushyira ku murongo neza kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi mu kirere.
• Ingamba zo kurwanya imikorere: urutonde rw'igenzura ry'ibihe, gukuraho urubura/urubura mu gihe cy'itumba, gusukura ahantu hashyuha n'ubushyuhe mu mpeshyi no kugenzura ubushyuhe/ubushuhe biri kure.

Impamvu ikirere ari wo murongo mukuru wihishe w’igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibikoresho byo gushyushya mu Buyapani

Ikibazo cyo gushyiraho ibikoresho byo gusharija mu Buyapani si politiki gusa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ahubwo ni n'igihe cy'ikirere gikabije "kuva mu turere dushyuha kugeza ku duce duto tw'inyanja": Ubushyuhe bw'itumba bwa Hokkaido na Tohoku bugera kuri -20°C kugeza kuri -30°C, aho ecran za LCD zo gushyuja zishobora kwangirika kubera ubukonje, icyuma gikonjesha gishobora gukonja kandi rubber ya cable igakomera; Okinawa na Kyushu yo mu majyepfo irenga 35°C mu mpeshyi hamwe n'ubushuhe n'umunyu uterwa, aho chargers zikonjeshwa n'umwuka zibora bitewe n'ubushyuhe kandi ibice by'icyuma bikangirika vuba. Amakuru y'Ikigo cy'Ubuyapani gishinzwe iteganyagihe agaragaza ko urubura rwa Hokkaido rugwa buri mwaka rushobora kugera kuri metero nyinshi kandi Okinawa ihura n'inkubi z'umuyaga zikunze kugaragara - izi mpinduka mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kwizera chargers, igihe cyo kubaho no gutsinda chargers. Mu gihe isoko ry'ibikoresho byo gusharija mu Buyapani rijya mu bikorwa mu 2026, "ese chargers nzagura zizakora mu gihe cy'itumba cya Hokkaido" biba ikibazo cya mbere cy'umuguzi, kandi imiterere ijyanye n'ikirere hamwe n'amakuru y'ibizamini biba ifaranga rikomeye ry'ukora ibikoresho. Iyi ngingo ikomeza binyuze mu ngaruka z'ikirere, ingamba zo guhangana n'ibikoresho, ingamba zo guhangana n'imikorere n'inyigo y'urugero.

H2: Uburyo ubushyuhe bukabije bugira ingaruka ku gushyushya: Amakuru n'uburyo

Uburyo bukoreshwa mu bushyuhe buke: muri batiri za lithium, ubushyuhe bwa electrolyte buriyongera kandi ikwirakwira rya lithium-ion rikagabanuka uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka, bigabanura cyane ubushobozi bukoreshwa n'umuvuduko wemewe wo gushyushya—kuri 0°C, imbaraga zo gushyushya ni hafi 60–70% by'agaciro ka 25°C, bikamanuka bikagera kuri 30–50% kuri -20°C; gushyushya ubushyuhe buke nabyo bishobora guteza akaga ko gufunga litium byangiza ubuzima bwa batiri. Uburyo bukoreshwa mu bushyuhe buke: ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi (SiC/IGBT) bugera ku rugero rw'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere bugenda bugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bw'ikirere bwiyongera, byongera umuvuduko wo gucunga ubushyuhe no gutakaza umusaruro 5–15%; ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe byihutisha gusaza kw'ubushyuhe no kwangirika kw'ubushyuhe, ari byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera amakosa mu mpeshyi.

H3: Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bukabije ku imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya chargers na bateri

H2: Uburyo bwo kurwanya ibikoresho: Igishushanyo cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe

Uburyo bwo kurwanya ikirere ku rwego rw'ibikoresho bukoreshwa ku nzira ebyiri: ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Ku bikoresho: hitamo modules z'ingufu zikoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi (kuva kuri -40°C kugeza +75°C), irangi ririnda ubushuhe n'umunyu ku mbaho ​​zigenzura (uburinzi bw'ubushuhe n'umunyu), ibyuma bishyushya ubushyuhe buke (gushyushya mu kabati no gukuraho ubushuhe mu biti birwanya ubukonje no gukonjesha), LCD zifite ubukonje (zikora kuri -30°C) na rubber ifite ubukonje. Ku bijyanye no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe: ahantu hafite ubushyuhe bwinshi hagomba guhitamo gukonjesha amazi (harimo icyuma gikonjesha kidakonjesha kuri -40°C); ibyuma bikonjesha mu mwuka bikenera imiyoboro ikonjesha ikomeye n'ibipimo bya IP (IP55 cyangwa irenga ku mukungugu n'amazi, ibipimo birwanya ingese muri Okinawa na Kyushu); kandi uturere dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi tugomba kuba dufite sensors zikoresha ubushyuhe bw'ikirere n'ingamba zo gukuraho ubushyuhe mu buryo bwihuse.

H2: Ibipimo byo kurwanya urwego rwa sisitemu: Gushyushya BESS, Imirongo yo gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hasi no gushyira gahunda mu buryo bw'ubwenge

Urwego rwa sisitemu ni "ubwonko bwa porogaramu" bwo guhangana n'ikirere. Ubwa mbere, gushyushya batiri mbere: mbere yo gushyushya, koresha BESS cyangwa ingufu z'inyongera za charger kugira ngo ushyushye batiri (shyushya ku muvuduko muto uri hejuru ya 10°C mbere yo kongera), gabanya igihe cyo gushyushya 30–50%. Icya kabiri, imiyoboro yo gushyushya ubushyuhe buke: imipaka y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukurikije ubushyuhe bwa batiri (umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi uri munsi ya 0°C, ugenda urushaho gushyuha) kugira ngo uhuze umuvuduko n'ubuzima bwa batiri. Icya gatatu, gahunda nziza: mu mpeshyi, irinde amasaha yo gushyushya cyane ya saa sita (ibiciro biri hejuru hamwe no kudakoresha ubushyuhe nabi) kandi ikunda gushyushya nijoro; mu gihe cy'itumba, ikunda gushyushya ku manywa (ubushyuhe buri hejuru y'ikirere), byose bifitanye isano n'imiyoboro yo gushyushya.

H2: Ingamba zo kurwanya imikorere: Igenzura ry'ibihe na gahunda zo gukuraho urubura/urubura

Isano ya nyuma mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni imikorere. Gahunda y’itumba: uturere twinshi dukoresha urubura nka Hokkaido dukenera ibikoresho byo gukuraho urubura (ibisenge bifite ubushyuhe bushonga ku byuma bishyushya, ibipfukisho by’urubura ku byambu by’imbunda), uburyo bwo kwirinda gukonjesha iyo bidakora (uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi bukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya mu buryo bwikora) no gutangira kwigenzura mu bushyuhe buke (gushyushya mbere yo gutangira gusharija). Gahunda y’impeshyi: gusukura buri gihembwe ibigega by’ubushyuhe n’amafeni, kugenzura imiyoboro y’umwuka, kugenzura uko amazi ahuze (igihe cy’imvura nyinshi) no gusuzuma uko amazi ahuze. Gukurikirana umwaka wose: kugenzura ubushyuhe/ubukonje hakoreshejwe amatangazo, hamwe n’ibipimo by’ibihe (imirongo yo gusharija, ingamba zo gukonjesha, urwego rwo kurinda) bihinduka mu buryo bwikora. Amakuru akwiye kuvugwa: Ibipimo by’abakoresha b’Abayapani bigaragaza ko hamwe n’ingamba zo “gushyushya mu gihe cy’itumba hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhuza BESS”, ingufu zo gusharija ahantu ha Hokkaido mu gihe cy’izuba rya -15°C zazamutse ziva kuri 40kW (nta gushyushya mbere) zikagera kuri 90kW, bigabanya igihe cyo gusharija kigera kuri 55%; Kandi ahantu hakorerwa isuku isanzwe y’ibigega bishyushya mu mpeshyi, igabanuka ry’ibiciro ku munsi ushyushye ryagabanutse kuva kuri 12% kugera kuri 3%—inyungu ku ishoramari mu bikorwa by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iruta kure cyane ibikoresho ubwabyo.

H3: Imbonerahamwe y'imiterere y'aho amashanyarazi anyura mu Buyapani mu gihe cy'ikirere

Imibare y’inyungu n’ikiguzi mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ikwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Ishaje y’amashanyarazi isanzwe igura amafaranga 5-15% kurusha ikoreshwa muri rusange, ariko igihe cy’itumba kimwe cyo gushyushya cyananiwe—amafaranga yinjira, amafaranga yo kohereza, guhamagara abakiriya no guhamagara abakozi b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze—ishobora kurenza ayo mafaranga inshuro nyinshi kuri sitasiyo ifite imbunda 12. Iyi ngingo irakora no ku bushyuhe: mu turere two mu bwoko bwa Okinawa, gushyushya 15% kuri sitasiyo ifite imbaraga za 240kW bikuraho ubushobozi bw’imbunda imwe yuzuye mu mezi menshi buri mwaka, bigagabanya burundu umusaruro. Amatsinda ashinzwe gutanga amasoko agomba gusuzuma imiterere y’ikoreshwa ry’ihindagurika ry’ikirere binyuze mu giciro cyose cy’umutungo mu gihe cy’imyaka 8-10, atari binyuze mu giciro cya mbere gusa, kandi agomba gusaba abakora ibikoresho gutanga raporo z’isuzuma ry’ubushyuhe bw’agace runaka k’ikirere mbere yo kwemera ibiciro.

H2: Inkuru y'ahantu: Hokkaido na Okinawa—Inyandiko y'imijyi ibiri yo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Igice cya Hokkaido: Mu mpera za 2025, umukozi wo muri Sapporo wakoreshaga chargers 12 zihuta cyane yabonye ko chargers zihuta cyane zagabanutse zikagera kuri 81%, aho ingufu zo chargers zari kuri -15°C ku gipimo cya hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'agaciro k'igishushanyo. Ivugurura rya 2026: modules z'ubushyuhe bwinshi (-40°C kugeza +75°C) na LCD zikonje, sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi yahinduwe kuri -40°C anti-konjeze coolant hamwe n'ingufu zongeweho; BESS (120kW/141kWh) yashyizweho kugira ngo ihuze chargers—imodoka zahageze zibanza gushyushya bateri ku muvuduko muke mu gihe cy'iminota 10-15 mbere yo gukwirakwira; kandi ibyuma bifite ubushyuhe bushongeshejwe byashyizwe ahantu ho chargers. Ibisubizo: chargers zihuta cyane zagarutse kuri 97%, chargers kuri -15°C zazamutse ziva kuri 45kW zigera kuri 95kW, kandi igihe cyo chargers cyagabanutseho 50%. Igice cya Okinawa: sitasiyo yo hanze yo chargers yihuta cyane i Naha yakunze gutera breakdown mu minsi y'izuba ryinshi; Ivugurura rya 2026 ryahinduye imikorere rikoresha ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'amazi, hongerwaho ibyuma bikingira izuba, hakorwa isuku buri kwezi ku gisenge gishyushya ndetse hagashyirwamo irangi ririnda ingese ku biziriko. Ibisubizo: Guhungabana kw'izuba ku munsi w'ubushyuhe byagabanutse kuva kuri 15% bigera kuri 3%, kandi ibikoresho byarokotse inkubi y'umuyaga ku kigero cya 100%. Icyemezo rusange cy'abayobozi b'imijyi ibiri: ikirere si "ikintu kirengera ibidukikije" ahubwo ni kimwe mu bigize imiterere y'ibicuruzwa - byatoranijwe hakurikijwe akarere k'ikirere n'igice cy'igipimo cy'ihungabana.

H2: Ibibazo 7 Bikunze Kubazwa Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Q: Ni utuhe turere two mu Buyapani dukeneye igishushanyo mbonera cy’aho gusharija kidakonja? A: Hokkaido na Tohoku bigera kuri -20°C kugeza kuri -30°C mu gihe cy’itumba kandi bigakenera ibikoresho bikonje (ubushyuhe, icyuma gikonjesha kidakonja, LCD zikonjesha, imiyoboro yo gushyushya ikoresha ubushyuhe buke); mu majyepfo ya Kanto, moderi zikoreshwa muri rusange zirahagije.
2. Q: Kuki gusharija mu bushyuhe buri hasi bigenda buhoro? A: Ku bushyuhe buri hasi, ubushyuhe bwa electrolyte ya batiri buriyongera kandi ikwirakwira rya litiyumu-iyoni rikagenda buhoro, rigakata cyane umuriro wemewe; imbaraga zo gusharija kuri 0°C ni hafi 60–70% by'agaciro ka 25°C kandi zikagabanuka kugera kuri 30–50% kuri -20°C.
3. Q: Ese gushyushya bateri mbere yo kuyishyushya birafasha? A: Yego. Gushyushya iminota 10-15 ukoresheje BESS cyangwa imbaraga z'inyongera za charger mbere yo kuyishyushya bigabanya igihe cyo kuyishyushya 30-55% kandi bigabanya kwangirika kwa litiyumu-plating kuri bateri mu bushyuhe buri hasi.
4. Q: Ese charger zikonjeshwa n'amazi zizakonjeshwa mu gihe cy'ubukonje bukabije? A: Oya, niba -40°C irwanya gukonjeshwa n'amazi ndetse n'inzira zishyushya (kurinda ubushyuhe) byashyizweho; iyi ni imiterere isanzwe ya charger zikonjeshwa n'amazi vuba cyane muri Hokkaido.
5. Q: Ese uturere dukonjesha cyane twahitamo gukonjesha umwuka cyangwa gukonjesha amazi? A: Hejuru ya 30°C hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukonjesha amazi ni byiza (uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi neza, kudatakaza ingufu nyinshi); ibikoresho bikonjesha umwuka bikenera ibikorwa byo gukonjesha no gusukura bikomeye kandi bikwiranye n'ingufu nke kugeza ku ziciriritse.
6. Q: Ni gute wahitamo ibyuma bitanga umuriro mu turere dukoresha umunyu nka Okinawa? A: Hitamo ubwoko bufite icyemezo cyo kurwanya ingese n'icyemezo cyo gusuzuma umunyu, IP55 cyangwa hejuru yayo hamwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifunze; ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa n'inkubi y'umuyaga hagomba kwitabwaho imiterere y'aho bashyira no kwirinda umuyaga.
7. Q: Imiterere ijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere yongera angahe ku giciro? A: Imiterere y'ibikoresho bikonje kandi bihangana n'ikirere igura hafi 5-15% kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe, ariko igipimo cyo gutsindwa mu gihe cy'itumba/impeshyi kiragabanukaho 50% kandi inyungu zo kwishyuza zirenze cyane igiciro cy'inyongera.

H2: Ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n'amasano y'imbere

Guhitamo ibikoresho byo kwishyuza mu Buyapani mu rwego rwo guhangana n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere mu gihugu hose: muri rusange no mu bucuruzi bishobora gukoreshwaSitasiyo zo gusharija vuba za DC(20kW–480kW, modules z'ubushyuhe bwinshi, IP55+, imiterere ishoboka irinda ubukonje/ingese); imbuga za Hokkaido zikonje cyane kandi zihuta cyane zikoreshasitasiyo zo gushyushya za DC zihagaze hasi(320kW–480kW ikonjeshwa n'amazi, irinda gukonjesha no gushyushya imiyoboro y'amazi); hamwe no gushyushya mbere y'igihe gito no gukoresha uburyo bwo kogosha cyaneSitasiyo za BESS zo gushyushya amashanyarazi(120kW/141kWh mobile) ihujwe n'ubushyuhe bwa batiri, ihujwe nasisitemu zo kubika ingufuku bijyanye no gushyushya ikibaya no guhangana n’ibiza. Inzira isabwa ni ugukorana na MIDA ku “guhitamo ikirere → guhindura ubushyuhe → gahunda y’ibikorwa by’igihe → gukurikirana ubushyuhe kure” kugira ngo ibikoresho byo gushyushya by’Ubuyapani bikore neza hagati ya -30°C na 35°C mu gihugu hose.