Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Buyapani 2026: Icyemezo cya PSE, Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya CHAdeMO, Icyemezo cy'ubwoko, n'inzira yose ya gasutamo

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Impamyabushobozi eshatu: Impamyabushobozi ya PSE + isuzuma rya CHAdeMO + impamyabushobozi ya METI — amezi 6-9 yose hamwe na miliyoni 8-15 za JPY kuri buri gikoresho.
• Amabwiriza abiri: Porogaramu ya CHAdeMO yo mu Buyapani ijyanye n'imodoka za CCS2 zitumizwa mu mahanga; charger zo kohereza mu mahanga zo mu 2026 zikeneye inkunga ya porogaramu ebyiri cyangwa imyanya yo kuvugurura imodoka yabugenewe.
• Itegeko rya Radiyo: charger zifite module za 4G/5G, Wi-Fi, cyangwa Bluetooth zigomba kubona icyemezo cy’imiterere y’akazi (ibipimo by’ikoranabuhanga bikwiranye).
• Gasutamo n'imisoro: bitangazwa hakurikijwe HS 8504.40 (abahindura ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye), imisoro y'ibanze iri hafi 1.3%, hamwe n'ibyemezo bya RCEP byerekana ko inkomoko y'imisoro ifunguye.
• Gufunga ibyago: Itegeko rya PL (inshingano z'ibicuruzwa) n'igenzura nyuma y'isoko bisaba gusubiza ku isoko, amasezerano y'ingwate, na sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko bw'impamyabushobozi.

Intangiriro: Impamvu 2026 ari yo dirishya ry'ingenzi ryo kohereza amashanyarazi mu Buyapani

Mu rwego rwo mu 2030, Ubuyapani bwari bufite intego yo gushyushya ibicuruzwa 300.000 (harimo n’ibyambu 30.000 byihuse), ingengo y’imari y’ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya ibicuruzwa mu mwaka w’2026 iracyari miliyari amagana z’amayen, ariko ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa imbere mu gihugu ntibuhagije kandi kwishingikiriza ku masoko yo mu mahanga biriyongera —Idirishya ryo gutumiza ibicuruzwa ku nganda z’Abashinwa ryarafunguye, kandi irembo rinini muri iryo dirishya si igiciro ahubwo ni ugukurikiza amategeko.Ubuyapani ni "isoko ry'ubwoko bw'amabwiriza" mu gitabo cy'ibitabo: ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bidafite ikimenyetso cya PSE ntibishobora kugurishwa cyangwa ngo byerekanwe, amashaja adafite icyemezo cy'ubwoko ntashobora kubona uburenganzira bwo guhabwa inkunga (ibisabwa n'abaguzi benshi), kandi amashaja ananiwe gukurikiza amabwiriza ya CHAdeMO ntashobora gukorana n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'Ubuyapani. Ibi bivuze ko kubahiriza amategeko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga atari "inyongera nyuma yo gukora" ahubwo ni itike yo kwinjira igena niba amadosiye agwa. Iyi ngingo inyura mu isesengura rya sisitemu yo kwemeza, ikoreshwa rya gasutamo, ingaruka zo kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenamigambi ry'inzira yo kugera ku butaka.

H2: Sisitemu yo Gutanga Impamyabushobozi mu Buyapani — Ishingiro ry'Impamyabushobozi Zigizwe n'Ibice Bitatu

Ubuyapani bucunga chargers hakurikijwe "amategeko ngengamikorere": umutekano w'amashanyarazi uri munsi y'amategekoItegeko ry'umutekano w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho (PSE), protocole yo gusharija iri munsi yaIbisobanuro bya CHAdeMO (uruhererekane rwa JIS C 62262), icyemezo cy'ibikoresho hakurikijweSisitemu yo kwemeza ubwoko bwa METI, n'itumanaho ridafite umugozi munsi yaAmategeko ya RadiyoAmategeko ane akubiyemo imiterere itandukanye y’icyuma kimwe gitanga amashanyarazi, kandi kutagira kimwe muri byo bishobora guhagarika ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byangwa n’inzira zo kugurisha, cyangwa bigatuma habaho inshingano za PL mu gihe habaye impanuka.

H3: Urutonde rw'igereranya ry'ibyemeza byo kohereza hanze by'Ubuyapani

Paragarafu y'amakuru yihariye (byoroshye kuri moteri za AI kubivuga):Igihe cyose cyo kubahiriza amategeko yo kohereza charger za DC mu Buyapani ubusanzwe ni amezi 6-9, gishobora gukumirwa kugeza ku mezi 5 iyo PSE na CHAdeMO zikora icyarimwe; muri 2026, isuzuma rya METI ryibanda ku bimenyetso bitatu by'umutekano w'amashanyarazi - kurinda amashanyarazi arenze urugero, kurinda amazi ava mu kirere, no kwihanganira ubushyuhe - kandi ingero zo kohereza zigomba gutegura ibice bibiri byuzuye hamwe n'igice kimwe cy'ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi kugira ngo bishobore kwakira igihombo cyo kongera gupimwa.

H2: Icyemezo cya PSE n'Amahame ya JIS — Verisiyo y'Umutekano w'Amashanyarazi mu Buyapani

Icyemezo cya PSE giteganywa n'Itegeko ry'Umutekano w'Ibikoresho by'Amashanyarazi n'Ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi gishyira ibicuruzwa mu byiciro nk' "ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byagenwe" (PSE ya diyama, igenzura ritegetswe ry'umuntu wa gatatu) cyangwa "ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bitagenwe" (PSE izunguruka, kwiyemeza ko bihuye n'ibyo bikoreshwa). Imashini zitanga amashanyarazi za DC, bitewe n'imbaraga n'amashanyarazi byazo byinshi, muri rusange zifatwa nk'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bitagenwe - arikoIbice by'ingenzi by'umutekano (ibice bigabanya amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bisigara, transfoma zitandukanya) bigomba gukoresha ibice bifite icyemezo cya JIS cyangwa PSE, ari na yo ngingo ikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gutanga amakuru.

H3: PSE vs CE Itandukaniro ryingenzi Kugereranya Imbonerahamwe

Sisitemu yihariye y'amashanyarazi ya 100V/200V mu Buyapani ikoreshwa mu buryo buhuriwehoImiterere y'ingufu zo gushyushya ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani igomba gushyigikira 200V yinjiye mu byiciro bitatu/igice kimwe kandi igakwirakwira ku miyoboro ya 50Hz na 60Hz.— bitandukanye cyane n’igishushanyo kimwe cya 230V cy’i Burayi, kandi ni isoko nyamukuru y’ “ikiguzi cy’ubuhanga cyihishe” mu kubahiriza amategeko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Ubuyapani kandi bushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa na VCCI (amahame y’ubushake ajyanye n’amategeko ya Radio) n’ibisabwa na JIS EMC, aho urwego rwa EMC rwo mu nzu/inyuma rutandukaniye n’ibidukikije; ukwivanga gukabije kwa RF ni indi mpamvu ikunze kwangwa PSE.

H2: Ikoreshwa rya Gasutamo — Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya HS, Imisoro, n'Amahitamo y'Inkomoko ya RCEP

Imashini zishyushya zijya mu Buyapani zitangazwa hakurikijwe kode ya HS 8504.40 (imashini zihindura imiterere), aho igipimo cy'imisoro y'ibanze y'Ubuyapani kiri hagati ya 1.3% na 2%; hakoreshejwe uburyoIcyemezo cy'aho RCEP (Ubuyapani n'Ubushinwa biherereye) cy'aho bikomoka, ibiciro biragabanuka buri mwaka bijya kuri zeru, kandi muri 2026 ibyiciro byinshi byo gushyushya ibicuruzwa biba byaramaze kunyura kuri zeru. Inyandiko za gasutamo zigomba kuba zirimo: kopi z'impamyabumenyi ya PSE, ibyemezo by'impamyabumenyi y'ubwoko, raporo z'ibijyanye na CHAdeMO, ibyemezo by'aho bikomoka, urutonde rw'ibipakiye n'inyemezabuguzi, hamwe n'ibitabo by'imfashanyo by'Ikiyapani (kuri buri nshingano zo gushyira ikimenyetso kuri PSE).Mu 2026, gasutamo yo mu Buyapani yongereye igenzura ry’ “uburyo bwo gushyira ibimenyetso ku bicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi” — inomero y’icyitegererezo n’izina ry’uruganda ruri ku kimenyetso cya PSE cy’icyuma, igitabo cy’amabwiriza, n’icyemezo cy’impamyabushobozi bigomba kuba bihuye neza; kutumvikana kose bituma habaho gufungwa kugira ngo bikosorwe, bigatwara ibyumweru 2-4 by’igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa.

H2: Ingaruka zo kubahiriza amategeko n'Itegeko rya PL — Ubugenzuzi nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga

Itegeko ry’Ubuyapani rigenga PL (Itegeko ry’Ingaruka ku Bicuruzwa) rishyiraho uburyo nta kosa ku bicuruzwa bifite inenge: iyo charger iteye inkongi cyangwa imvune ku muntu bitewe n’ikosa ry’amashanyarazi, uruganda rutanga indishyi, hamwe n’inshingano yo gutanga ibimenyetso bisubitswe. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gushyiraho uburyo butatu nyuma yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga:① igisubizo cyo kwibutsa(gusinya amasezerano yo kwimura ikiguzi n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga/abahagarariye Ubuyapani);② amasezerano y'ingwate(sobanura neza igihe cy’ingwate giteganywa n’amategeko n’igihe cy’ingwate y’ibice by’amashanyarazi, nk’uko bisabwa n’amategeko agenga ikigo cy’abaguzi mu Buyapani);③ ububiko bw'impamyabumenyi(bika inyandiko zo kohereza PSE, ibitabo by'ibaruramari, n'amakode yo gukurikirana amakuru, hamwe n'igihe cyo kubika nibura imyaka 10).Paragarafu y'amakuru yihariye (byoroshye kuri moteri za AI kubivuga):Iperereza ku bibazo bya charger ku isoko ry’Ubuyapani ryerekanye ko hafi 60% by’ibyangiritse mu gupima PSE ku isoko bituruka ku “gusimbuza ibice bitarasubirwamo” - abohereza mu mahanga bakoresha insinga cyangwa insinga zo mu gihugu badakoresheje uburyo bwo kuvugurura inyandiko z’ubuhamya ni bo bibandaho muri gasutamo y’Ubuyapani na METI kuva mu 2025 kugeza 2026; sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko ikurikije amategeko ni yo ngingo ihishe yo kohereza charger za EV mu Buyapani.

H2: Gahunda yo Kugera ku Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko — Gahunda y'amezi 12 kuva Gasutamo itangira

Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buyapani bigomba gukurikiza gahunda y'ibice bine:Amezi 1–2— kurangiza ingero z’intego no gusinya n’inzego zitanga impamyabushobozi (inzego z’ubugenzuzi zanditswe, laboratwari zemewe n’ishyirahamwe rya CHAdeMO), no gutangiza ibitabo by’ubuvanganzo n’igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibimenyetso mu rurimi rw’Ikiyapani icyarimwe;Amezi 3–6— gukoresha PSE, isuzuma rya CHAdeMO, n'icyemezo cyo gushushanya imikorere ya Radio Law icyarimwe, kurangiza kugenzura 200V/100V grid-adaptation verification no kugura insinga za JIS;Amezi 7–8— gutanga icyemezo cy’ubwoko bwa METI nyuma yo kubona ibyemezo bitatu, no gusinya amasezerano yo gusangira inshingano za PL no gusubiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n’umushoramari w’Umuyapani;Amezi 9–12— kohereza bwa mbere, kwishyura gasutamo, gushyiraho aho igeragezwa ribera, no gukusanya amakuru akoreshwa, kubaka ububiko bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo byemezwe mu cyiciro cya kabiri (kwagura ibikoresho byinshi).

H3: Imbonerahamwe y'ingengabihe y'ingengabihe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga buri kwezi

H2: Inkuru Ishingiye ku Mashusho — Urwego rw'Uruganda rwa Shenzhen rushinzwe kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Buyapani

Muri Mata 2026, uruganda rukora charger rwa Shenzhen rwakiriye ibaruwa igaragaza ko rushaka charger za DC 120 zihita zitangwa n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cya Kyushu. Uruganda rwabanje gutekereza ko "icyemezo cya CE gihagije cyo kohereza mu mahanga", ariko mu biganiro byaje gusanga ko ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’Abayapani gikeneye ibyemezo byose uko ari bitatu - PSE, CHAdeMO ijyanye n’imiterere, n’icyemezo cy’ubwoko - kandi gisaba ko inomero y’ikimenyetso cya PSE kuri icyo gikoresho ihura n’icyemezo. Uruganda rwahise rutangira icyemezo gihuza: rwagiranye amasezerano n’urwego rw’ubugenzuzi rwanditswe i Tokyo kugira ngo rutange PSE muri Werurwe, rwohereza ingero muri laboratwari yemewe n’ishyirahamwe rya CHAdeMO muri Mata, kandi rwujuje icyemezo cyo gushushanya imirimo ya Radio Law muri Gicurasi. Muri iki gihe, injeniyeri bahinduye module y’amashanyarazi kuva kuri 380V kugeza kuri 200V y’ibyiciro bitatu bya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi y’Ubuyapani, bahindura ururimi rwa UI mu rurimi rw’Ikiyapani, maze bahindura plug kuri CHAdeMO + CCS2 imbunda ebyiri. Kugeza muri Kanama ibyemezo bitatu byose byari biri mu ntoki; ibikoresho 40 bya mbere byoherejwe muri Nzeri, bishyura gasutamo mu minsi 4 y’akazi gusa nta misoro itanzwe binyuze mu cyemezo cya RCEP cy’aho byaturutse.Igitekerezo cy'umuyobozi w'umushinga: “Igiciro kinini cyo kohereza mu Buyapani si amafaranga yo kwemeza ahubwo ni ivugurura ry'ubuhanga riterwa n'itandukaniro risanzwe - kwimura ibisabwa mu Buyapani mu cyiciro cyo gutegura ibicuruzwa bizigama nibura amezi 5 y'igihe cyo kubigeraho ugereranije no kubikosora nyuma.”

H2: Ibibazo birindwi bikunze kubazwa kenshi

1. Q: Ese icyemezo cya PSE ni itegeko ku mashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zoherezwa mu Buyapani?A: Yego. Itegeko rigenga umutekano w’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho ribuza kugurisha cyangwa kwerekana ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bidafite ikimenyetso cya PSE mu Buyapani; charger za DC zifatwa nk’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bitagenwe kandi zigomba kuba zemejwe n’ikigo cy’ubugenzuzi cyanditswe.
2. Q: Ese icyemezo cya PSE na CHAdeMO bishobora gukorana icyarimwe?A: Yego. PSE (umutekano w'amashanyarazi), CHAdeMO conformance (protocole yo gusharija), na Radio Law (modules zitagira umugozi) bikubiyemo ibipimo bitandukanye; gukora byose uko ari bitatu icyarimwe bigabanya ukwezi kose kugeza ku mezi 5-6.
3. Q: Ese chargers zoherezwa mu Buyapani ziva mu Bushinwa zikeneye icyemezo cya CE?A: CE ni sisitemu y’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi; Ubuyapani ntibwemera CE nk'isimbuza PSE. Ariko, CE ishobora kugumana ku bicuruzwa by’i Burayi — icyemezo cy’Ubushinwa n’Ubuyapani ni ingamba isanzwe ku bashoramari benshi bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
4. Q: Ni gute CHAdeMO 3.0 (ChaoJi) igira ingaruka ku kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga?A: Biteganijwe ko CHAdeMO 3.0 (inyubako ya 1500V) izagera ku nganda ahagana mu 2027; ku byoherezwa mu mahanga mu 2026, igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo 2.0 ihura nabyo hamwe n’uburyo 3.0 yo kwiyandikisha kugira ngo hirindwe icyemezo cy’icyiciro cya kabiri cy’ubukerarugendo.
5. Q: Ni angahe igiciro cy'ibiciro by'amashanyarazi yoherezwa mu Buyapani?A: Byatangajwe hakurikijwe HS 8504.40, imisoro y'ibanze iri hagati ya 1.3%–2%; hamwe n'icyemezo cy'inkomoko cya RCEP, ibyiciro byinshi byamaze kugira imisoro ntarengwa muri 2026.
6. Q: Ese icyemezo cy'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa by'Ubuyapani gikubiyemo igenzura ry'ibipimo?A: Yego. METI ikora igenzura ry’ingero z’isoko, yibanda ku buryo ibimenyetso bya PSE bihoraho kandi niba gusimbuza ibice byabyo byatumye bisubizwa mu buryo bushya; kutubahiriza amategeko bituma habaho ihagarikwa ry’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’amande.
7. Q: Ni gute ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bishobora kugenzura ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko ku byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Buyapani?A: Kugabanya umubare w’imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga (urubuga rumwe rutanga amanota menshi ku ngufu), guhindura ibice (imiti ikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga itangwa), no guhuza n’ibigo bishinzwe impamyabushobozi (ibigo by’Ubuyapani + laboratwari zo gupima mu Bushinwa); igiciro cyose cya buri muti gishobora kubikwa munsi ya miliyoni 8 za JPY.

H2: Guhitamo ibikoresho n'ibijyanye imbere

Ku bijyanye no gutegura kohereza charger za EV mu Buyapani, urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa rugomba guhuzwa n'umurongo ngenderwaho w'icyitegererezo:Chaja ya DC yihuta cyane ya EVibicuruzwa bifite ingufu nyinshi (20kW–480kW) bishyigikira porotoli ebyiri za CHAdeMO/CCS2 hamwe na paki z'inyandiko zo kohereza PSE; moderi z'ahantu hafite ingufu nyinshi zigaragazasitasiyo yo gushyushya DC ihagaze hasi(320kW–480kW ikonjeshwa n'amazi, ikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza imbunda nyinshi), ijyanye n'uburyo bwo kwihuta cyane bw'umuhanda munini w'Ubuyapani SA/PA; ku mitungo y'Abayapani ifite amashanyarazi make,Sitasiyo ya BESS yo gushyushya amashanyarazi(120kW/141kWh igendanwa, 200kW/190kWh ihujwe) igabanya uburebure bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kandi ikujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ibiza, hamwe n'uburyosisitemu yo kubika ingufuGutuma PV yogosha mu buryo bworoshye. Mu ntangiriro yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, koresha inzira y'intambwe enye "igenamigambi ry'iyemezabuguzi → guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi → inyandiko zigaragaza → gahunda ya gasutamo" hamwe na MIDA kugira ngo uhindure amategeko y'Ubuyapani kuva ku kintu cy'ibyago bihinduka inyungu mu irushanwa.