Yiziphi Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zamashaja E-EV

Isingeniso

Izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) sezithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yobungani bazo emvelweni kanye nokonga izindleko kunokusebenzisa uphethiloli osetshenziswayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze zigcine ama-EV esebenza, abanikazi be-EV kumele bazishaje njalo. Yilapho kungena khona amashaja e-EV. Amashaja e-EV amadivayisi anikeza amandla kagesi ukuze ashaje amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwezingxenye zawo ukuze uqonde ukuthi amashaja e-EV asebenza kanjani. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola izingxenye eziyinhloko zamashaja e-EV kanye nokubaluleka kwazo enqubweni yokushaja izimoto zikagesi.

Incazelo emfushane yama-EV Chargers

Amashaja e-EV amadivayisi ahlinzeka ngogesi kumabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Afika ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi amashaja ezinga 1, 2, kanye nezinga 3. Amashaja ezimoto zikagesi zezinga 1 ahamba kancane kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngamandla ashintshanayo afinyelela kuma-volt angu-120 kanye nama-kilowatts angu-2.4 (kW). Amashaja ezinga 2 ashesha kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngamandla afinyelela kuma-volts angu-240 e-AC kanye nama-kW angu-19. Amashaja ezinga 3, aziwa nangokuthi amashaja okusheshayo e-DC, ashesha kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngamandla afinyelela kuma-volts angu-480 e-direct current (DC) kanye namandla afinyelela kuma-kW angu-350. Amashaja okusheshayo e-DC avame ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiselwano futhi anganikeza i-EV ishaja ephelele ngemizuzu engama-30 nje kuphela.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zamashaja E-EV

Ukuqonda izingxenye eziyinhloko zamashaja e-EV kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningana. Okokuqala, kuvumela abanikazi be-EV ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lweshaja yezimoto zabo nezidingo zokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza izinqumo ezihlobene ngokuzethemba mayelana nomkhiqizi wemishini kagesi othembekile kakhulu. Iphinde ivumele abanikazi be-EV ukuthi baxazulule izinkinga zokushaja futhi benze ukulungiswa kweshaja okubalulekile.

Okokugcina, ukuqonda izingxenye eziyinhloko zamashaja e-EV kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yokushaja. Ngokwazi ukuthi amashaja e-EV asebenza kanjani, abanikazi be-EV bangathatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuvimbela izingozi zikagesi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokushaja iphephile futhi isebenza kahle.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kungenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zamashaja e-EV. Kuguqula amandla kagesi e-AC noma e-DC egridi abe yi-voltage kanye nogesi ofanele ukushaja ibhethri le-EV. Ingxenye yokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi ngokuvamile iqukethe i-transformer, i-rectifier, kanye ne-control circuitry.

Izinhlobo Zezinsiza Zikagesi

Amashaja e-EV asebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamandla kagesi: i-AC ne-DC. Amashaja e-Level 1 kanye ne-Level 2 asebenzisa amandla kagesi e-AC, futhi aguqula amandla e-AC avela kugridi abe yi-voltage kanye nogesi ofanele odingekayo ukushaja ibhethri le-EV. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amashaja e-Level 3 asebenzisa amandla kagesi e-DC, futhi aguqula amandla e-DC aphezulu avela kugridi abe yi-voltage kanye nogesi ofanele odingekayo ukushaja ibhethri le-EV.

Ukubaluleka Kokunikezwa Kwamandla Esivinini Sokushaja Nokusebenza Kahle

Ukunikezwa kwamandla kuyisici esibalulekile samashaja e-EV, njengoba kunquma isivinini sokushaja kanye nokusebenza kahle. Kungayishaja i-EV ngokushesha uma inamandla anele, kanti ukunikezwa kwamandla angenamandla kangako kungabangela izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezwa kwamandla ekhwalithi ephezulu kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokushaja, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi konga amandla nokuthi inqubo yokushaja ingabizi kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuqonda le ngxenye yamashaja e-EV kubalulekile ekukhetheni ishaja efanelekile ye-EV nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokushaja iyasebenza futhi iyasebenza.

Isixhumi

Isixhumi sakhiwe yipulaki, engena endaweni yokungena yemoto kagesi, kanye nesokhethi. Ipulaki kanye nesokhethi kunezikhonkwane ezihambisanayo futhi ezixhumanisayo ukuze zakhe isekethe kagesi. Lezi zikhonkwane zingaphatha uhla lwemisinga ephezulu kanye nama-voltage ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile noma ukubangela ukugoba kukagesi.

Izinhlobo zezixhumi

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezixhumi ezitholakalayo zokushaja i-EV, ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi. Nazi ezinye zezixhumi ezivame kakhulu:

Uhlobo 1 (SAE J1772):Lesi sixhumi sinamaphini amahlanu, futhi ungasibona ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika naseJapan. Sinesilinganiso samandla esiphansi (kufika kuma-amps angu-16), okwenza sifaneleke ezinhlelweni zokushaja ezihamba kancane neziphakathi.

Uhlobo 2 (IEC 62196):Lolu hlobo lwesixhumi lunamaphini ayisikhombisa. IYurophu ne-Australia bayisebenzisa kakhulu. Isekela amazinga aphezulu amandla (afinyelela ku-43 kW), okwenza ifaneleke ukushaja okusheshayo.

I-CHAdeMO:Lesi sixhumi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC futhi sivame kakhulu eJapane. Isimo saso esiyingqayizivele "sesibhamu" singahlinzeka ngogesi ngamandla afinyelela ku-62.5 kW.

I-CCS:I-Combined Charging System (CCS) iyisixhumi esijwayelekile esihlanganisa isixhumi se-AC sohlobo lwesibili namaphini amabili engeziwe e-DC. Siya sivame kakhulu ezimotweni emhlabeni jikelele futhi sisekela ukushaja okufika ku-350 kW.

Ukubaluleka kokufanisa isixhumi nemoto

Ukuhambisana kahle nohlobo lwesixhumi nokushaja kwe-EV yakho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokusebenza okuphephile. Ama-EV amaningi eza nesixhumi esakhelwe ngaphakathi esifanelana nezindinganiso zesifunda sawo, kodwa amanye amamodeli akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe phakathi kwezinhlobo zesixhumi usebenzisa ama-adapter. Uma ukhetha isiteshi sokushaja, qiniseka ukuthi sinesixhumi esihambisanayo se-EV yakho. Kufanele futhi uhlole isilinganiso samandla sesixhumi kanye nesiteshi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokushaja.

Intambo Yokushaja

Intambo yokushajaUkuxhumana phakathi kwesiteshi sokushaja ne-EV. Ithwala ugesi usuka esiteshini sokushaja uye ebhethrini le-EV. Ikhwalithi nohlobo lwekhebula lokushaja elisetshenziswayo kungathinta isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokushaja.

Izinhlobo zezintambo zokushaja

Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zakha ingxenye yekhebula lokushaja leshaja ye-EV: isixhumi esinamathisela ku-EV kanye nekhebula uqobo. Ikhebula livame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezinamandla njengethusi noma i-aluminium ukuze limelane nesisindo sama-EV ahlukahlukene. Ayakwazi ukuguquguquka futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezintambo zokushaja ezitholakala kuma-EV, futhi uhlobo lwekhebula oludingekayo luzoncika kuhlobo kanye nomodeli wemoto. Izintambo zohlobo 1 zivame ukusetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika naseJapan, kuyilapho izintambo zohlobo 2 zithandwa eYurophu.

Ukubaluleka kobude bekhebula lokushaja kanye nokuguquguquka kwalo

Ubude kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhebula lokushaja kungathinta ukulula kanye nokuphepha kwenqubo yokushaja. Ikhebula elifushane lingase libe lula kakhulu ukushaja endaweni egcwele abantu noma eqinile, kodwa ikhebula elide lingadingeka ukuze lishaje endaweni evulekile noma endaweni ekude. Ikhebula eliguquguqukayo lingaba lula ukuliphatha nokuyigcina kodwa lingase lingahlali isikhathi eside futhi lonakale kalula. Ukukhetha ikhebula lokushaja elifanele izidingo zakho zokushaja kanye nemodeli ye-EV kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ikhebula lokushaja elingahambisani noma elonakele kungadala izingozi eziningi zokuphepha noma umonakalo echwebeni lokushaja le-EV.

Ibhodi Lokulawula

Ibhodi lokulawula liyingqondo yesiteshi sokushaja. Liphatha inqubo yokushaja futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri le-EV liphephile futhi lisebenza kahle. Ibhodi lokulawula eliklanywe kahle libalulekile ekuthembekeni nasekuphepheni kwesiteshi sokushaja. Ngokuvamile liqukethe i-microcontroller, izinzwa ze-voltage kanye nezamanje, ama-relay, nezinye izingxenye.

Imisebenzi yebhodi lokulawula

Ibhodi lokulawula lenza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile eqinisekisa ukushaja okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kwezimoto zikagesi ezisebenza ngogesi. Eminye yale misebenzi ifaka:

Ukuphatha ukushaja kwamanje kanye ne-voltage:Ilawula amandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage enikezwa ibhethri le-EV ngokusekelwe esimweni sayo sokushaja, izinga lokushisa, umthamo webhethri, nezinye izici. Futhi iqinisekisa ukushaja ibhethri ngendlela efanele ukuze iphile isikhathi eside futhi ivimbele umonakalo.

Ukuxhumana ne-EV:Ibhodi lokulawula lixhumana nekhompyutha ye-EV engaphakathi ukuze bashintshisane ngolwazi mayelana nesimo sebhethri, izinga lokushaja, kanye nezinye izinhlaka. Lokhu kuxhumana kuvumela isiteshi sokushaja ukuthi sithuthukise inqubo yokushaja yemodeli ethile ye-EV.

Ukuqapha inqubo yokushaja:Ihlala iqapha isimo senqubo yokushaja, okuhlanganisa i-voltage, i-current, kanye nezinga lokushisa lebhethri le-lithium-ion kanye nesiteshi sokushaja. Ibhodi lokulawula liphinde libone noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka enkambisweni yokugcwalisa isiteshi sokushaja sezimoto zikagesi. Ithatha isinyathelo esifanele ukuvimbela izingozi zokuphepha, njengokumisa ukushaja noma ukunciphisa i-current.

Ukubaluleka kwebhodi lokulawula eliklanywe kahle ukuze kuphephe futhi kuthembeke

Ibhodi lokulawula eliklanywe kahle libalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekuthembekeni kwesiteshi sokushaja semoto kagesi uqobo. Liqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri le-EV lishajwa kahle futhi livimbela ukushaja ngokweqile noma ukushaja ngaphansi, okungalimaza ibhethri. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhodi lokulawula eliklanywe kabi leziteshi zokushaja lingaholela ekushajeni okungasebenzi kahle, ekulimaleni kwebhethri, noma ngisho nasezingozini zokuphepha njengomlilo noma ukushaqeka kukagesi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha isiteshi sokushaja esinebhodi lokulawula eliklanywe kahle bese ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi yokushaja okuphephile nokuphumelelayo.

I-Interface Yomsebenzisi

Isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi siyingxenye yesiteshi sokushaja umsebenzisi asebenzisana naso. Ngokuvamile sihlanganisa isikrini, izinkinobho, noma amanye amadivayisi okufaka avumela umsebenzisi ukuthi afake ulwazi futhi alawule inqubo yokushaja. Isiteshi sokushaja singahlanganisa noma sixhume isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi kudivayisi ehlukile.

Izinhlobo ze-interface yomsebenzisi

Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zezindawo zokusebenzelana zabasebenzisi. Ezinye zezindawo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:

Isikrini sokuthinta:Isixhumi esibonakalayo sesikrini sokuthinta sivumela umsebenzisi ukulawula inqubo yokushaja ngokuthinta esikrinini. Singabonisa ulwazi oluhlukahlukene mayelana nenqubo yokushaja, njengesimo sokushaja, isikhathi esisele, kanye nezindleko.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula:Isixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza lweselula sivumela abasebenzisi ukulawula inqubo yokushaja besebenzisa i-smartphone noma ithebhulethi. Uhlelo lokusebenza lunganikeza ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nenqubo yokushaja, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqale, bayeke, noma bahlele ukushaja bekude.

Isifundi sekhadi le-RFID:Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokufunda ikhadi le-RFID sivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqale iseshini yokushaja ngokuswayipha ikhadi le-RFID noma i-fob. Isiteshi sokushaja siyayibona ikhadi lomsebenzisi bese siqala inqubo yokushaja.

Ukubaluleka kwesibonisi esisebenziseka kalula ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa

Isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula sibalulekile ukuze kube lula ukusisebenzisa kanye nesipiliyoni esihle sokushaja. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esiklanywe kahle kufanele sibe sobala, kube lula ukusihamba, futhi sinikeze ulwazi olucacile nolufushane mayelana nenqubo yokushaja. Kufanele futhi sitholakale kubo bonke abasebenzisi, kufaka phakathi labo abakhubazekile noma ukuhamba okulinganiselwe. Futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula singasiza ekunciphiseni amaphutha abasebenzisi futhi sivimbele izingozi zokuphepha. Isibonelo, inkinobho yokumisa ephuthumayo ecacile nevelele ingavumela umsebenzisi ukuthi amise inqubo yokushaja esimeni esiphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, amashaja e-EV ayingxenye ebalulekile yohlu lonke lwe-EV kanye nengqalasizinda yokushaja uqobo, futhi ukuqonda izingxenye zawo eziyinhloko kubalulekile ekukhetheni ishaja efanelekile. Ukunikezwa kwamandla, ikhebula lokushaja, isixhumi, ibhodi lokulawula, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi yizingxenye eziyinhloko zamashaja e-EV, ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokushaja. Ukukhetha amashaja anezingxenye ezifanele zokusebenza kahle kokushaja kubalulekile. Njengoba isidingo sama-EV neziteshi zokushaja sikhula, ukuqonda lezi zingxenye kuzoba kubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi be-EV namabhizinisi.