Ziziphi izinto eziphambili zeetshaja ze-EV

Intshayelelo

Izithuthi zombane (ii-EV) ziye zathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye azibizi kakhulu kunepetroli esetyenziswayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ii-EV zihlale zisebenza, abanini be-EV kufuneka bazitshaje rhoqo. Kulapho ke iitshaja ze-EV zingena khona. Iitshaja ze-EV zizixhobo ezibonelela ngamandla ombane okuhlaziya iibhetri zezithuthi zombane. Kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okusisiseko kwamacandelo azo ukuze uqonde indlela ezisebenza ngayo iitshaja ze-EV. Kule blog, siza kuhlola amacandelo aphambili eetshaja ze-EV kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwinkqubo yokutshaja kwezithuthi zombane.

Ingcaciso emfutshane yeetshaja ze-EV

Iitshaja ze-EV zizixhobo ezibonelela ngombane kwiibhetri zezithuthi zombane. Ziza ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iitshaja zenqanaba loku-1, lenqanaba lesi-2, kunye nelenqanaba lesi-3. Iitshaja zezithuthi zombane zenqanaba loku-1 zezona zicothayo, zibonelela ngamandla atshintshanayo (AC) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120 volts kunye ne-2.4 kilowatts (kW). Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2 zikhawuleza, zibonelela ngamandla e-AC ukuya kuthi ga kwi-240 volts kunye ne-19 kW. Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-3, ezaziwa ngokuba ziitshaja ze-DC fast, zezona zikhawulezayo, zibonelela ngamandla angqalileyo (DC) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-480 volts kunye namandla afikelela kwi-350 kW. Iitshaja ze-DC fast zihlala zisetyenziselwa usetyenziso lwezorhwebo kwaye zinokunika itshaja epheleleyo kwi-EV kwimizuzu engama-30 nje kuphela.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Izinto Eziphambili Zeetshaja Ze-EV

Ukuqonda izinto eziphambili zeetshaja ze-EV kubalulekile ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, kuvumela abanini bee-EV ukuba bakhethe uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwetshaja yezithuthi zabo kunye neemfuno zokutshaja. Ngaphezu koko, banokwenza izigqibo ezinxulumeneyo ngokuzithemba malunga nomenzi wezixhobo zombane othembekileyo. Ikwavumela abanini bee-EV ukuba basombulule iingxaki zokutshaja kwaye benze ulondolozo olubalulekileyo lwetshaja.

Okokugqibela, ukuqonda izinto eziphambili zeetshaja ze-EV kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokutshaja. Ngokwazi indlela ezisebenza ngayo iitshaja ze-EV, abanini bee-EV banokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuthintela iingozi zombane nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokutshaja ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle.

Ukunikezwa Amandla

Umbane yenye yezona zinto ziphambili kwiitshaja ze-EV. Uguqula amandla ombane e-AC okanye e-DC kwigridi abe yi-voltage kunye nomsinga ofanelekileyo wokutshaja ibhetri ye-EV. Icandelo lombane lidla ngokuba ne-transformer, i-rectifier, kunye ne-control circuitry.

Iintlobo zeZibonelelo zoMbane

Iitshaja ze-EV zisebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zombane: i-AC kunye ne-DC. Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 kunye nele-2 zisebenzisa izixhobo zombane ze-AC, kwaye ziguqula amandla e-AC ukusuka kwigridi abe yi-voltage kunye nomsinga ofanelekileyo ofunekayo ukutshaja ibhetri ye-EV. Kwelinye icala, iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-3 zisebenzisa izixhobo zombane ze-DC, kwaye ziguqula amandla e-DC aphezulu avela kwigridi abe yi-voltage kunye nomsinga ofanelekileyo ofunekayo ukutshaja ibhetri ye-EV.

Ukubaluleka kobonelelo lwamandla kwisantya sokutshaja nokusebenza kakuhle

Umbane uyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeetshaja ze-EV, njengoko umisela isantya sokutshaja kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ungayitshaja i-EV ngokukhawuleza ukuba inamandla ngokwaneleyo, ngelixa umbane ongenamandla kangako unokubangela amaxesha okutshaja acothayo. Ukongeza, umbane osemgangathweni ophezulu unokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokutshaja, uqinisekise ukuba wonga amandla kwaye inkqubo yokutshaja ingabizi kakhulu. Ukuqonda eli candelo leetshaja ze-EV kubalulekile ekukhetheni itshaja efanelekileyo ye-EV kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokutshaja iyasebenza kwaye iyasebenza.

Isinxibelelanisi

Isixhumi siqulathe iplagi, engena kwindawo yokungena yesithuthi sombane, kunye nesokhethi. Iplagi kunye nesokhethi zinezikhonkwane ezihambelanayo nezidibanisayo ukuze zenze isekethe yombane. Ezi zikhonkwane zinokuphatha uluhlu lwee-currents eziphezulu kunye nee-voltage ngaphandle kokutshisa kakhulu okanye ukubangela i-arcing yombane.

Iintlobo zezihlanganisi

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezihlanganisi zokutshaja ii-EV, nganye ineenzuzo kunye neengxaki. Nazi ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo:

Uhlobo 1 (SAE J1772):Esi sixhumi sineephini ezintlanu, kwaye ungasibona ikakhulu eMntla Melika naseJapan. Sinamandla aphantsi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 amps), nto leyo eyenza ukuba sifaneleke kwiinkqubo zokutshaja ezicothayo neziphakathi.

Uhlobo 2 (IEC 62196):Olu hlobo lwesixhumi luneephini ezisixhenxe. IYurophu ne-Australia zisebenzisa kakhulu. Ixhasa amanqanaba aphezulu ombane (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-43 kW), nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

I-CHAdeMO:Esi sixhumi sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizithuthi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kweDC kwaye sixhaphakile eJapan. Imo yaso eyahlukileyo "yesibhamu" inokubonelela ngombane ngamandla afikelela kwi-62.5 kW.

I-CCS:Inkqubo yokutshaja edibeneyo (i-CCS) sisixhumi esimiselweyo esidibanisa isixhumi se-AC sohlobo lwesibini kunye neephini ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ze-DC. Siyanda kakhulu kwiimoto kwihlabathi liphela kwaye sixhasa ukutshaja ukuya kuthi ga kwi-350 kW.

Ukubaluleka kokufanisa isixhumi nesithuthi

Ukuhambelana kakuhle nohlobo lwekhonkco ne-EV yakho yokutshaja kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo. Uninzi lwee-EV ziza nekhonkco elakhelwe ngaphakathi elihambelana nemigangatho yengingqi yazo, kodwa ezinye iimodeli zikuvumela ukuba utshintshe phakathi kweentlobo zekhonkco usebenzisa iiadaptha. Xa ukhetha isikhululo sokutshaja, qiniseka ukuba sinekhonkco elihambelanayo ne-EV yakho. Kufuneka ujonge nomlinganiselo wamandla wekhonkco kunye nesikhululo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zakho zokutshaja.

Intambo yokutshaja

Intambo yokutshajalunxibelelwano phakathi kwesikhululo sokutshaja kunye ne-EV. Ithwala umbane ukusuka kwisikhululo sokutshaja ukuya kwibhetri ye-EV. Umgangatho kunye nohlobo lwentambo yokutshaja esetyenzisiweyo inokuchaphazela isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokutshaja.

Iintlobo zeentambo zokutshaja

Iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili ziquka icandelo lentambo yokutshaja yetshaja ye-EV: isixhumi esinamathela kwi-EV kunye nentambo ngokwayo. Intambo idla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ezinamandla aphezulu ezifana nobhedu okanye i-aluminium ukumelana nobunzima bee-EV ezahlukeneyo. Ziyaguquguquka kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentambo zokutshaja kwii-EV, kwaye uhlobo lwentambo olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nomzekelo wesithuthi. Iintambo zohlobo 1 zisetyenziswa kakhulu eMntla Melika naseJapan, ngelixa iintambo zohlobo 2 zithandwa eYurophu.

Ukubaluleka kobude bentambo yokutshaja kunye nokuguquguquka

Ubude kunye nokuguquguquka kwentambo yokutshaja kunokuchaphazela ukulula kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yokutshaja. Intambo emfutshane inokuba lula ngakumbi ukutshaja kwindawo exineneyo okanye encinci, kodwa intambo ende inokuba yimfuneko yokutshaja kwindawo evulekileyo okanye kwindawo ekude. Intambo eguquguqukayo inokuba lula ukuyiphatha nokuyigcina kodwa inokuba nzima kwaye yonakale. Ukukhetha intambo yokutshaja efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile zokutshaja kunye nemodeli ye-EV kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa intambo yokutshaja engahambelaniyo okanye eyonakeleyo kunokubangela uluhlu lweengozi zokhuseleko okanye umonakalo kwizibuko lokutshaja le-EV.

Ibhodi yoLawulo

Ibhodi yokulawula yingqondo yesikhululo sokutshaja. Ilawula inkqubo yokutshaja kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ye-EV ikhuselekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Ibhodi yokulawula eyilwe kakuhle ibalulekile ekuthembekeni nasekukhuselekeni kwesikhululo sokutshaja. Ngokwesiqhelo iqulathe i-microcontroller, ii-voltage kunye nee-current sensors, ii-relay, kunye nezinye izinto.

Imisebenzi yebhodi yokulawula

Ibhodi yokulawula yenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo eqinisekisa ukutshaja okukhuselekileyo nokufanelekileyo kwezithuthi ezisebenzisa umbane. Eminye yale misebenzi ibandakanya:

Ukulawula i-current yokutshaja kunye ne-voltage:Ilawula umbane kunye nevolthi enikezelwa kwibhetri ye-EV ngokusekelwe kwimeko yayo yokutshaja, ubushushu, umthamo webhetri, kunye nezinye izinto. Kwaye iqinisekisa ukutshaja ibhetri ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ukuze ihlale ixesha elide kwaye ithintele umonakalo.

Ukunxibelelana ne-EV:Ibhodi yokulawula inxibelelana nekhompyutha ye-EV ekwibhodi ukuze batshintshiselane ngolwazi malunga nemeko yebhetri, izinga lokutshaja, kunye nezinye iiparameter. Olu nxibelelwano luvumela isikhululo sokutshaja ukuba siphucule inkqubo yokutshaja kwimodeli ethile ye-EV.

Ukubeka esweni inkqubo yokutshaja:Ihlala ijonga imeko yenkqubo yokutshaja, kuquka i-voltage, i-current, kunye nobushushu bebhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye nesikhululo sokutshaja. Ibhodi yokulawula ikwabona naziphi na iingxaki kwinkqubo yokugcwalisa isikhululo sokutshaja sezithuthi zombane. Ithatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuthintela iingozi zokhuseleko, ezinje ngokumisa ukutshaja okanye ukunciphisa i-current.

Ukubaluleka kwebhodi yokulawula eyilwe kakuhle ukuze kukhuseleke kwaye kuthembeke

Ibhodi yokulawula eyilwe kakuhle ibalulekile ekukhuselekeni nasekuthembekeni kwesikhululo sokutshaja semoto yombane. Iqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ye-EV itshajwa kakuhle kwaye ithintela ukutshaja kakhulu okanye ukutshaja ngaphantsi, okunokonakalisa ibhetri. Kwelinye icala, ibhodi yokulawula eyilwe kakubi yezikhululo zokutshaja inokukhokelela ekutshajeni okungafanelekanga, ekonakalisweni kwebhetri, okanye nakwiingozi zokhuseleko ezifana nomlilo okanye ukutshaja kombane. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhululo sokutshaja esinebhodi yokulawula eyilwe kakuhle kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yomenzi yokutshaja ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.

Indawo yomsebenzisi

I-interface yomsebenzisi yinxalenye yesikhululo sokutshaja esisebenzisana nomsebenzisi. Ihlala ibandakanya isikrini, amaqhosha, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokufaka ezivumela umsebenzisi ukuba afake ulwazi aze alawule inkqubo yokutshaja. Isikhululo sokutshaja sinokudibanisa okanye sidibanise i-interface yomsebenzisi kwisixhobo esahlukileyo.

Iintlobo zeendawo zonxibelelwano zomsebenzisi

Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV zisebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-interfaces zomsebenzisi. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

Isikrini esibanjwayo:I-interface yesikrini sokuchukumisa ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba alawule inkqubo yokutshaja ngokucofa kwisikrini. Ingabonisa ulwazi olwahlukeneyo malunga nenkqubo yokutshaja, njengemeko yokutshaja, ixesha eliseleyo, kunye neendleko.

Usetyenziso lweselfowuni:I-interface ye-app yeselula ivumela abasebenzisi ukulawula inkqubo yokutshaja besebenzisa i-smartphone okanye ithebhulethi. I-app inokubonelela ngolwazi lwangempela malunga nenkqubo yokutshaja, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqale, bayeke, okanye bacwangcise itshaja bekude.

Isifundi sekhadi le-RFID:I-interface yokufunda ikhadi le-RFID ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqalise iseshoni yokutshaja ngokuswayipha ikhadi le-RFID okanye i-fob. Isikhululo sokutshaja siyayibona ikhadi lomsebenzisi size siqalise inkqubo yokutshaja.

Ukubaluleka konxibelelwano olusebenziseka lula ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa

Ujongano olusebenziseka lula lubalulekile ukuze kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kunye namava amahle okutshaja. Ujongano oluyilwe kakuhle kufuneka lube lula, lube lula ukulusebenzisa, kwaye lubonelele ngolwazi olucacileyo nolufutshane malunga nenkqubo yokutshaja. Kufuneka lufikeleleke kubo bonke abasebenzisi, kuquka abo bakhubazekileyo okanye abangakwaziyo ukuhambahamba. Kwaye ujongano olusebenziseka lula lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpazamo zomsebenzisi kunye nokuthintela iingozi zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, iqhosha elicacileyo nelibonakalayo lokumisa ngexesha likaxakeka linokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ayeke inkqubo yokutshaja ngexesha likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.

Isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, iitshaja ze-EV ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluhlu lonke lwe-EV kunye neziseko zokutshaja ngokwazo, kwaye ukuqonda izinto eziphambili zazo kubalulekile ekukhetheni itshaja efanelekileyo. Umbane, intambo yokutshaja, isixhumi, ibhodi yokulawula, kunye nojongano lomsebenzisi zezona zinto ziphambili zeetshaja ze-EV, nganye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokutshaja. Ukukhetha iitshaja ezineenxalenye ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kubalulekile. Njengoko imfuno yee-EV kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja ikhula, ukuqonda ezi zinto kuya kuba baluleke ngakumbi kubanini bee-EV kunye namashishini.