Ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi bigize chargers za EV?

Intangiriro

Ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) byakunzwe cyane bitewe n’uko bibungabunga ibidukikije kandi bigatuma bihendutse kurusha lisansi ikoreshwa. Ariko, kugira ngo ba nyiri EV bakomeze gukora, ba nyiri EV bagomba kuzishyuza buri gihe. Aha niho chargers za EV ziboneka. Chargers za EV ni ibikoresho bitanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi zo kongera ingufu za bateri z'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi. Ni ngombwa kugira ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku bice byabyo kugira ngo usobanukirwe uburyo chargers za EV zikora. Muri iyi blog, tuzasuzuma ibice by'ingenzi bya chargers za EV n'akamaro kabyo mu gikorwa cyo gushyuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Ibisobanuro bigufi by'ama-Chargers ya EV

Shajara za EV ni ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi kuri bateri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ziza mu bwoko butandukanye, harimo shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1, urw'urwego rwa 2, n'urw'urwego rwa 3. Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1 z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ni zo zitinda cyane, zitanga volti 120 z'ingufu zisimburana (AC) na kilowati 2.4 (kW). Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 2 zihuta cyane, zitanga volti 240 z'ingufu za AC na kW 19. Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 3, zizwi kandi nka DC fast chargers, ni zo zihuta cyane, zitanga volti 480 z'ingufu ziyobora (DC) n'ingufu 350 kW. Shajara za DC fast zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi kandi zishobora gutanga charge yuzuye kuri EV mu minota 30 gusa.

Akamaro ko gusobanukirwa ibice by'ingenzi bya EV Chargers

Gusobanukirwa ibice by'ingenzi bya charger za EV ni ingenzi kubera impamvu nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, bituma ba nyiri EV bahitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa charger bujyanye n'ibinyabiziga byabo n'ibyo bakeneye charger. Byongeye kandi, bashobora gufata ibyemezo bifitanye isano neza n'uruganda rwizewe cyane rutanga ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Binafasha ba nyiri EV gukemura ibibazo byo charger no gukora isuku y'ingenzi ya charger.

Hanyuma, gusobanukirwa ibice by'ingenzi bya charger za EV ni ngombwa kugira ngo uburyo bwo gusharija bube bwiza. Bamenye uko charger za EV zikora, ba nyiri EV bashobora gufata ingamba zikenewe kugira ngo birinde ibyago by'amashanyarazi kandi barebe neza ko uburyo bwo gusharija bufite umutekano kandi bunoze.

Ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Ingufu ni kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi bya charger za EV. Ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi za AC cyangwa DC za grid mo voltage n'amashanyarazi bikwiye kugira ngo batiri ya EV isharizwe. Igice cy'amashanyarazi gisanzwe kigizwe na transformer, rectifier, na control circuitry.

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi

Imashini zitanga umuriro zikoresha ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'amashanyarazi: AC na DC. Imashini zitanga umuriro zo ku rwego rwa 1 n'urwo ku rwego rwa 2 zikoresha ingufu za AC, kandi zihindura ingufu za AC ziva kuri grid zijya kuri voltage n'amashanyarazi bikenewe kugira ngo bateri ya EV isharishwe. Ku rundi ruhande, mashini zitanga umuriro zo ku rwego rwa 3 zikoresha ingufu za DC, kandi zihindura ingufu za DC zifite voltage nyinshi ziva kuri grid zijya kuri voltage n'amashanyarazi bikwiye kugira ngo bateri ya EV isharishwe.

Akamaro k'amashanyarazi kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe chargeur yihuta kandi akore neza

Ingufu ni igice cy'ingenzi cya charger za EV, kuko zigena umuvuduko n'imikorere myiza yo gusharija. Zishobora gushyushya EV vuba iyo zifite imbaraga zihagije, mu gihe power idakomeye ishobora gutuma igihe cyo gusharija gitinda. Byongeye kandi, power nziza ishobora kunoza imikorere myiza yo gusharija, ikagenzura ko izigama ingufu kandi ko charger ihendutse uko bishoboka kose. Gusobanukirwa iki gice cya charger za EV ni ingenzi mu guhitamo charger ikwiye EV no kwemeza ko charger ikora neza kandi neza.

Umuhuza

Umuhuza ugizwe na plagi, ijya mu bwinjiriro bw'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi, no mu mwobo. Plagi n'umuyoboro bifite uduce duhuye kandi duhuzwa kugira ngo bikore uruziga rw'amashanyarazi. Utwo duce dushobora kwihanganira umuyaga mwinshi n'amashanyarazi menshi tudashyushye cyane cyangwa ngo dutere amashanyarazi guhindagurika.

Ubwoko bw'ibihuza

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibihuza amashanyarazi byo gukoresha amashanyarazi, buri kimwe gifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Dore bimwe mu bikunze gukoreshwa:

Ubwoko bwa 1 (SAE J1772):Iyi connector ifite pin eshanu, kandi ushobora kuyibona cyane cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Buyapani. Ifite ingufu nke (kugeza kuri amps 16), ibyo bigatuma ikwiriye sisitemu zo gusharija buhoro no mu muvuduko uringaniye.

Ubwoko bwa 2 (IEC 62196):Ubwo bwoko bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bufite imigozi irindwi. Uburayi na Ositaraliya ahanini ni byo bikoresha. Bishyigikira ingufu nyinshi (kugeza kuri 43 kW), bigatuma biba byiza mu gusharija vuba.

CHAdeMO:Iyi connector ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu modoka mu gusharija vuba DC kandi iraboneka cyane mu Buyapani. Ishusho yayo yihariye y' "imbunda" ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri 62.5 kW.

CCS:Sisitemu yo Gusharija Ihuriweho (CCS) ni umuhuza usanzwe uhuza umuhuza wa AC wo mu bwoko bwa 2 n'izindi pin ebyiri za DC. Iri kugenda ikwirakwira cyane mu modoka ku isi yose kandi ishyigikira gusharija kugeza kuri 350 kW.

Akamaro ko guhuza icyuma gihuza imodoka n'imodoka

Guhuza ubwoko bw'umuhuza n'umuyoboro wawe wa EV ni ingenzi kugira ngo uhuze kandi ukore neza. Imodoka nyinshi za EV ziza zifite umuhuza wubatswemo ujyanye n'amahame y'akarere kazo, ariko zimwe muri moderi zikwemerera guhinduranya ubwoko bw'umuhuza ukoresheje adaptateri. Mu guhitamo sitasiyo yo gusharija, menya neza ko ifite umuhuza ujyanye n'umuyoboro wawe wa EV. Ugomba kandi kugenzura ingufu z'umuhuza n'umuyoboro kugira ngo urebe ko byujuje ibyo ukeneye mu gusharija.

Insinga yo gusharija

Insinga yo gusharijani isano iri hagati y’aho amashanyarazi asharirizwa na EV. Itwara umuriro w’amashanyarazi uva aho amashanyarazi asharirizwa ujya kuri bateri ya EV. Ubwiza n’ubwoko bw’insinga yo gusharirizwa ikoreshwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko n’imikorere myiza y’aho amashanyarazi asharirizwa.

Ubwoko bw'insinga zo gusharija

Ibice bibiri by'ingenzi bigize insinga yo gusharija ya EV: umuhuza ufata kuri EV n'insinga ubwayo. Insinga isanzwe ikorwa mu bikoresho bikomeye nka umuringa cyangwa aluminiyumu kugira ngo yihanganire uburemere bw'imodoka zitandukanye za EV. Ziroroshye kandi zoroshye kuzikoresha. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'insinga zo gusharija kuri EV, kandi ubwoko bw'insinga isabwa buzaterwa n'ubwoko n'icyitegererezo cy'imodoka. Insinga zo mu bwoko bwa 1 zikunze gukoreshwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Buyapani, mu gihe insinga zo mu bwoko bwa 2 zikunzwe cyane mu Burayi.

Akamaro ko uburebure bw'insinga yo gusharija no koroherwa

Uburebure bw'insinga yo gusharija n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kuyishyuza bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye no ku mutekano w'uburyo bwo kuyishyuza. Insinga ngufi ishobora kuba yoroshye kuyishyuza ahantu hahurira abantu benshi cyangwa hato, ariko insinga ndende ishobora kuba ngombwa kuyishyuza ahantu hafunguye cyangwa ahantu kure. Insinga yoroshye kuyikoresha no kuyibika byoroshye kuyifata no kuyibika ariko ishobora kudakomera kandi ikaba ishobora kwangirika. Guhitamo insinga yo gusharija ijyanye n'ibyo ukeneye byihariye byo gusharija n'uburyo bwa EV ni ingenzi cyane. Gukoresha insinga yo gusharija idahuye cyangwa yangiritse bishobora guteza ingaruka zitandukanye ku mutekano cyangwa kwangiza aho amashanyarazi ya EV ahagarara.

Akanama k'igenzura

Ikibaho cyo kugenzura ni bwonko bw'aho gusharija. Gicunga inzira yo gusharija kandi kikareba neza ko bateri ya EV ifite umutekano kandi ikora neza. Ikibaho cyo kugenzura cyakozwe neza ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikigo cyo gusharija kibe cyizerwa kandi gifite umutekano. Ubusanzwe kigizwe na microcontroller, sensors za voltage na current, relays, n'ibindi bice.

Imikorere y'akanama gashinzwe kugenzura

Akanama gashinzwe kugenzura imikorere kakora imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi ituma imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishaja neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe. Zimwe muri izo nshingano zirimo:

Gucunga umuvuduko wo gusharija n'amashanyarazi:Igenzura amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi bitangwa kuri bateri ya EV hashingiwe ku miterere yayo yo gusharija, ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwa bateri, n'ibindi bintu. Kandi igenzura ko bateri isharija neza kugira ngo ikore neza kandi hirindwe kwangirika.

Gutumanaho n'umukozi ushinzwe amashanyarazi:Akabaho k'ubugenzuzi kavugana na mudasobwa ya EV iri mu bwato kugira ngo bahererekanye amakuru yerekeye imiterere ya bateri, igipimo cyo gusharija, n'ibindi bipimo. Iri tumanaho rituma sitasiyo yo gusharija irushaho kunoza uburyo bwo gusharija kuri moderi ya EV yihariye.

Gukurikirana inzira yo gusharija:Ihora igenzura uko igikorwa cyo gusharija gihagaze, harimo voltage, amashanyarazi, n'ubushyuhe bwa bateri ya lithium-ion ndetse n'aho gusharija. Ikibaho cy'ubugenzuzi kandi kimenya ibintu bitameze neza mu gikorwa cyo kongeramo amashanyarazi mu kigo cy'amashanyarazi. Gifata ingamba zikwiye kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi z'umutekano, nko guhagarika gusharija cyangwa kugabanya amashanyarazi.

Akamaro k'ikibaho cy'ubuyobozi cyakozwe neza kugira ngo gikomeze umutekano kandi kibe cyizerwa

Ikibaho cyo kugenzura gikozwe neza ni ingenzi cyane mu kurinda no kwizerwa kwa sitasiyo yo gushyushya imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi. Gituma bateri ya EV ishyushywa neza kandi kikarinda gusharija cyane cyangwa kudashyushya cyane, bishobora kwangiza bateri. Ku rundi ruhande, ikibaho cyo kugenzura gikozwe nabi ku sitasiyo zo gushyushya gishobora gutera gusharija nabi, kwangirika kwa bateri, cyangwa se ingaruka mbi z'umutekano nko gushya cyangwa gushotora amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa guhitamo sitasiyo yo gushyushya ifite ikibaho cyo kugenzura gikozwe neza no gukurikiza amabwiriza y'uwakoze kugira ngo ashyushye neza kandi neza.

Ihuza ry'Umukoresha

Uburyo bwo gushyushya ni igice cy’aho umukoresha akoresha. Ubusanzwe kiba kirimo ecran, utubuto, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo kwinjira byemerera umukoresha kwinjiza amakuru no kugenzura uburyo bwo gushyushya. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bushobora guhuza cyangwa guhuza uburyo bwo gushyushya n’igikoresho cyihariye.

Ubwoko bw'imiyoboro y'abakoresha

Sitasiyo zo gusharija amashanyarazi zikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiyoboro y'abakoresha. Zimwe mu zikunze gukoreshwa cyane zirimo:

Ecran yo gukoraho:Interineti ya ecran ikoresha ecran yemerera umukoresha kugenzura inzira yo gusharija akoresheje akamenyetso. Ishobora kwerekana amakuru atandukanye yerekeye inzira yo gusharija, nko uko gusharija bihagaze, igihe gisigaye, n'ikiguzi.

Porogaramu igendanwa:Uburyo bwo gushyira porogaramu kuri telefoni butuma abakoresha bashobora kugenzura uburyo bwo gusharija bakoresheje telefoni igendanwa cyangwa tablet. Porogaramu ishobora gutanga amakuru y'igihe nyacyo yerekeye uburyo bwo gusharija, bigatuma abakoresha bashobora gutangira, guhagarika, cyangwa gutegura gahunda yo gusharija bari kure.

Umusomyi w'amakarita ya RFID:Uburyo bwo gusoma amakarita ya RFID bwemerera abakoresha gutangiza igikorwa cyo gusharija bakoresheje ikarita ya RFID cyangwa fob. Aho gusharija hamenya ikarita y'umukoresha hanyuma hagatangira igikorwa cyo gusharija.

Akamaro ko gukoresha interineti byoroshye kuyikoresha kugira ngo byorohere kuyikoresha

Uburyo bworoshye gukoreshwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo byoroshye gukoreshwa kandi bigire uburambe bwiza bwo gusharija. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoreshwa bugomba kuba bworoshye, bworoshye kubukoresha, kandi bugatanga amakuru asobanutse neza ku bijyanye no gusharija. Bugomba kandi kugerwaho n'abakoresha bose, harimo n'abafite ubumuga cyangwa abafite ubumuga buke bwo kugenda. Kandi uburyo bworoshye gukoreshwa bushobora kandi gufasha kugabanya amakosa y'abakoresha no gukumira ibyago by'umutekano. Urugero, buto isobanutse kandi igaragara yo guhagarika byihutirwa ishobora gutuma umukoresha ahagarika gusharija mu gihe cy'impanuka vuba.

Umwanzuro

Muri make, charger za EV ni igice cyingenzi cy’ubwoko bwose bwa EV n’ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija ubwabyo, kandi gusobanukirwa ibice byabyo by’ingenzi ni ingenzi mu guhitamo charger ikwiye. Ingufu zitanga, insinga yo gusharija, connector, ikibaho cyo kugenzura, n’uburyo bwo gukoresha ni byo bice by’ingenzi bya charger za EV, buri kimwe kigira uruhare runini mu gikorwa cyo gusharija. Guhitamo charger zifite ibice bikwiye kugira ngo charger ikore neza ni ingenzi. Uko icyifuzo cya EV na sitasiyo zo gusharija kigenda cyiyongera, gusobanukirwa ibi bice bizarushaho kuba ingenzi ku ba nyiri EV n’ibigo.