Ulawulo lweMveliso ye-EV yeHlabathi laseTshayina: Amandla okuthumela ngaphandle kunye neziphumo zoBuchule ngo-2026

Ukuhlola Impembelelo Yesicwangciso-qhinga kunye Neziphumo Zezopolitiko Zolawulo Lweepesenti Ezingamashumi Asixhenxe Anesihlanu zaseTshayina Kwimveliso Yezithuthi Zombane Zehlabathi kunye Nokuguquka Okukhawulezayo Kweendlela Zazo Zokuthumela Ngaphandle Kwamanye Amazwe Ngo-2026 Nangaphaya

1. Intshayelelo: Utshintsho lweParadigm lweepesenti ezingama-75

Imeko yeemoto zehlabathi itshintshe kakhulu kangangokuba bambalwa abantu abathe bayiqikelela ngesantya esingaka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Ukusukela ngo-2026, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luzifumana lukwixesha apho ilizwe elinye, iRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina, livelisa i-75% yemveliso yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi (i-EV). Oku akusiyo nje into engaqhelekanga okanye ukunyuka okwethutyana kwimveliso yokuvelisa; kukuphela kwesicwangciso seshishini seminyaka emininzi, utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokufuna ngamandla ubuchwephesha kwicandelo lamandla aluhlaza.

Olu lawulo lugqitha ukuhlanganiswa okulula kwezithuthi. Lumele ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi okuthe nkqo okususela ekumbiweni kwezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo eAfrika naseMzantsi Melika ukuya kwiilebhu zesoftware eziphambili eShenzhen naseShanghai. Kwihlabathi liphela—ingakumbi iifektri ezinamandla zemoto zemveli eYurophu naseMntla Melika—le sabelo se-75% simele umngeni kunye nebali lesilumkiso. Sinyanzela ukuvavanywa kwakhona kokhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwihlabathi liphela, ikamva leemarike zabasebenzi basekhaya, kunye nohlobo lwempembelelo yezopolitiko kwihlabathi le-post-internal combustion engine (ICE).

Kolu hlalutyo lunzulu, siza kuphonononga iileya ezintsonkothileyo zolawulo lwe-EV eTshayina. Siza kuhlalutya iziseko zekhonkco lokubonelela ezenza imveliso ephezulu kangaka ibe nokwenzeka, sihlalutye umdlalo we-chess ontsonkothileyo we-geopolitical odlalwa ngeerhafu zorhwebo kunye nolawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye sihlolisise izinto ezintsha zobugcisa—ukusuka kwiibhetri zeeblade ukuya kwii-cockpits ezikrelekrele—ezenze ii-EV zaseTshayina zaba luphawu loshishino. Ngaphezu koko, siza kujonga utshintsho olutshintshayo kwizicwangciso zokuthumela ngaphandle njengoko ii-OEM zaseTshayina (Abenzi beZixhobo zoQoqo) zitshintsha ukusuka ekugcwalisweni kwekhaya ukuya ekwandeni okunamandla kwehlabathi, ziguqula iimarike ukusuka kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia ukuya entliziyweni yeYurophu.

2. Isiseko seNxibelelwano yoNikezelo: Ukuhlanganiswa okuthe nkqo kunye noKhuseleko lweZixhobo

Imfihlo yesabelo semveliso seTshayina sama-75% ayikho kwimizi-mveliso ngokwayo, kodwa isemhlabeni nakwiindawo zokuhluza. Ngelixa abenzi beemoto baseNtshona babegxile ekuphuculeni injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, iTshayina yayikhusela izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zexesha elizayo.

2.1 Ulawulo Lweeminerali: I-Lithium, i-Cobalt, kunye ne-Graphite

Ukuveliswa kwebhetri ye-EV yanamhlanje kufuna ingxubevange yeeminerali ezibalulekileyo, kwaye iTshayina ibeke isikhundla esiphezulu ekucutshungulweni nasekucocweni phantse zonke. Nokuba i-ore imbiwa kwenye indawo—njenge-lithium e-Australia okanye i-cobalt kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo—idla ngokufumana indlela eya kwiindawo zokucocisa zaseTshayina.

• I-Lithium:Ngowama-2026, iTshayina ilawula ngaphezulu kwama-60% omthamo wokucoca i-lithium kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri ezinkulu zaseTshayina ezifana neCATL kunye neBYD ziqala ukusebenzisa i-lithium-ion cells.
• I-Cobalt:Ngokusebenzisa utyalo-mali olucwangcisiweyo kunye ne-"Belt and Road Initiative," iinkampani zaseTshayina zifumene phantse ukuba zilawula i-cobalt yaseCongo, isithako esibalulekileyo (nangona sincitshiswa kakhulu) kwiibhetri ze-NCM (Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese) ezinoxinano oluphezulu.
• Igrafayithi:I-China ivelisa kwaye icubungula ngaphezulu kwe-90% yegrafiti yehlabathi esetyenziswa kwii-anode ze-EV. Ulawulo lwakutshanje lokuthumela ngaphandle igrafiti, oluqaliswe njengempendulo kwimida yorhwebo lwaseNtshona, lugxininise ubuthathaka babenzi beemoto abangengabo baseTshayina.

2.2 Inguqu ye-LFP: Ixabiso vs. Ukusebenza

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zobugcisa nezoqoqosho ezibangela ukuba iTshayina iphumelele kakhulu kukwazi ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yebhetri yeLithium Iron Phosphate (LFP). Yayingathandwa ziinjineli zaseNtshona ngenxa yokuba inamandla aphantsi xa ithelekiswa neNCM, iLFP yamkelwe ngabavelisi baseTshayina ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi, iprofayili yokhuseleko oluphezulu, kunye nobomi obude bomjikelo.

• Iimpumelelo zeTekhnoloji:Uyilo olutsha kwi-cell-to-pack (CTP) luye lwanciphisa kakhulu ukunqongophala kwamandla kwi-LFP. I-“Blade Battery” ye-BYD kunye ne-“Qilin Battery” ye-CATL zimizekelo ephambili yendlela iinkampani zaseTshayina ezisebenzise ngayo ubunjineli boomatshini ukusombulula imida yeekhemikhali.
• Ulawulo lweMarike:Ukusukela ngo-2026, phantse i-75% yazo zonke ii-EV eziveliswa eTshayina zisebenzisa i-LFP chemistry. Oku kuye kwavumela ii-OEM zaseTshayina ukuba zivelise ii-EV ezikumgangatho wokuqala kunye neziphakathi ngamaxabiso angenakufumaneka okwangoku kubavelisi baseNtshona abasaxhomekeke kwi-nickel kunye ne-cobalt ebiza kakhulu.

2.3 Iinkqubo zeNdalo zeTier 1 kunye neTier 2

I-China ikhuthaze inkqubo exineneyo yabathengisi basekhaya abanokutshintshatshintsha baze bakhule ngesantya esingenakuthelekiswa nanto kwenye indawo. Ukusuka kwiimoto zombane kunye nee-inverters ukuya kwiisensa kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu, "isantya saseTshayina" sisiphumo esithe ngqo sokuba nekhonkco lonke lokubonelela ngaphakathi kweemayile ezingamakhulu ambalwa ukusuka kwimigca yokuhlanganisa.

• Uyilo olutsha olucwangcisiweyo:Xa i-OEM yaseTshayina ifuna into entsha, ayilindi umjikelo wophuhliso weenyanga ezili-12 ovela kumthengisi okude. Basebenza neqabane lasekuhlaleni ukuze babe nomzekelo weprototype kwiiveki kunye nemveliso enkulu kwiinyanga. Olu buchule yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokulawula kwemveliso ngama-75%.

3. I-Geopolitics: IMida yoRhwebo eNtsha

Ukwanda kweshishini le-EV laseTshayina kubangele utshintsho olukhulu kubudlelwane bezorhwebo behlabathi. Njengoko izithuthi zaseTshayina ziqala ukugcwala kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, uqoqosho lwemveli luye lwasabela ngomxube wokuncoma nokukhusela.

3.1 Uphando lwe-EU oluchasene neNkxaso-mali kunye neMpembelelo yalo

Ngowama-2024 nangowama-2025, iManyano yaseYurophu yaqalisa yaza yagqiba uphando olukhulu oluchasene nenkxaso-mali kwiimoto zikaloliwe zaseTshayina. Iziphumo—zokuba abavelisi baseTshayina bazuze kwinkxaso-mali karhulumente engafanelekanga—zikhokelele ekumiselweni kweerhafu ezahlukeneyo.

• Iimpendulo Ezicwangcisiweyo:Endaweni yokurhoxa, ii-OEM zaseTshayina zikhawulezise izicwangciso zokuvelisa izinto zasekhaya eYurophu. Isityalo seBYD eHungary kunye nesakhiwo seChery eSpain ziindlela zobuchule zokudlula iirhafu ngelixa zihlala zikufutshane nomthengi waseYurophu.
• Ingxoxo "yeTrojan Horse":Abanye abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo baseYurophu bacinga ukuba ezi zityalo zasekuhlaleni ziyathandabuzeka, besoyika ukuba baza kuhlanganisa iikiti ezenziwe eTshayina (CKD) endaweni yokudala uthotho lokubonelela ngempahla lwasekhaya, ngaloo ndlela begcina impembelelo yeTshayina kwicandelo leemoto laseYurophu.

3.2 Iirhafu zase-US kunye noMthetho woKuncitshiswa kweNgqesho (IRA)

I-United States ithathe umgca onzima nangakumbi, apho irhafu ye-100% kwiimoto ze-EV ezenziwe eTshayina izivalela ngaphandle kwimarike yase-US. I-IRA, enemithetho yayo engqongqo ethi "Foreign Entity of Concern" (FEOC), ijonge ukwahlula uthotho lokubonelela ngeebhetri zase-US oluvela eTshayina.

• Umngeni Wokuqhawula Izahlulo:Nangona le mizamo injalo, inyani ngo-2026 kukuba iibhetri ezininzi ezenziwe eMelika zisaxhomekeke kwipropathi yobukrelekrele yaseTshayina kunye nokucubungula. Ubunzima "bokuqesha abahlobo" okanye "ukusondela ekuqesheni" yonke inkqubo yebhetri kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni kancinci kwe-EV eMelika xa kuthelekiswa neTshayina.

3.3 UMzantsi weHlabathi: Ulungelelwaniso olutsha

Nangona iNtshona yakha iindonga, iTshayina yakha iibhulorho. KuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia, kuMbindi Mpuma, nakwiLatin America, ii-EV zaseTshayina azamkelwa nje kuphela; ziyadityaniswa kwizicwangciso zophuhliso lwesizwe.

• Isikhungo se-ASEAN:IThailand ne-Indonesia ziye zaba ziindawo zengingqi zokwenza iimveliso ze-EV zaseTshayina. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zasekuhlaleni (ezifana ne-nickel yase-Indonesia) nokubonelela ngokuhamba okungabizi kakhulu, iTshayina iqinisa indima yayo njengeqabane eliphambili kwezoshishino kwisizukulwana esilandelayo samazwe asakhasayo.

4. IiDynamics zoThumelo ngaphandle: Ukusuka kwiVolumu ukuya kwiXabiso

Uhlobo lokuthunyelwa kweemoto ze-elektroniki zaseTshayina luye lwatshintsha. Akusekho nje malunga nokuthunyelwa kweemoto ezininzi ezingabizi kakhulu, kodwa malunga nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe umgangatho omtsha wobunewunewu beemoto kunye nobuchwepheshe.

4.1 Ukunyuka kweBrand: Ngaphaya kweLebhile “engabizi”

Iimpawu ezifana ne-NIO, i-Li Auto, kunye ne-Zeekr zikhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo ne-BMW, ​​i-Mercedes, kunye ne-Audi kwicandelo le-premium. Ngokunikezela ngezinto ezifana nokutshintsha iibhetri (NIO) okanye ii-powertrains ezinkulu (i-Li Auto), iimpawu zaseTshayina zichaza ngokutsha oko kuthethwa ligama elithi "premium" kwixesha lombane.

• Isithuthi Esichazwe yiSoftware (SDV):Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina kukhokela indlela kwii-SDV. Ngeenkqubo zokuzonwabisa ezikhawulezayo, abancedisi be-AI abadibeneyo, kunye nohlaziyo lwe-OTA (Over-the-Air) olwenzeka veki nganye endaweni yonyaka, amava omsebenzisi we-EV yaseTshayina adla ngokuvakala ngathi sisizukulwana esiphambili kunezinye zaseNtshona.

4.2 Uthungelwano kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso

Ukuxhasa isabelo semveliso esiyi-75%, iTshayina ityale imali eninzi kwimpahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

• Iinqanawa zeRo-Ro:Iinkampani ezinkulu zaseTshayina ezifana neBYD kunye neSAIC zithumele iinqanawa zazo zeRoll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ukuqinisekisa ukuba azikho phantsi kweendleko zokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela kunye nomthamo wazo.
• IiNethiwekhi zokutshaja:Kunye nezithuthi, iinkampani zaseTshayina zithumela ngaphandle iziseko zokutshaja. Iinkampani ezifana neTeison zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni "ngezikhululo zokufutha" zexesha elizayo eYurophu naseAsia, ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zithembekile njengezithuthi ezizisebenzisayo.

(Kuza kuqhubeka kwicandelo elilandelayo ngeZiseko zobuGcisa, izifundo zeMeko, kunye neMbono yeXesha elizayo…)

5. Isiseko soBugcisa: Ubunjineli beKamva lokuHamba

Isabelo semveliso saseTshayina esiyi-75% asikokuphela nje kobukhulu, kodwa bubuchule bobunjineli. "Isiseko sobugcisa" seshishini le-EV laseTshayina sibonakala ngotshintsho olukhawulezayo ukusuka ekulandeleni imigangatho yehlabathi ukuya ekuyibekeni.

5.1 Umda woHlanganiso: iiTekhnoloji ze-CTB kunye ne-CTC

Kwindlela yoyilo lwe-EV yendabuko, iiseli zebhetri zifakwa kwiimodyuli, kwaye iimodyuli zifakwa kwiipakethi, ezithi emva koko zibotshelelwe kwi-chassis yesithuthi. Olu lwakhiwo oluhambelanayo alusebenzi kakuhle ngokwendawo kunye nobunzima. Iinjineli zaseTshayina ziye zaba ngoovulindlela kwindlela edibeneyo ngakumbi.

• Ukuya Kumzimba Weseli (CTB):Le teknoloji, eyaqalwa yiBYD, idibanisa ibhetri ngqo kwisakhelo sesakhiwo sesithuthi. Isiciko esiphezulu sebhetri sisebenza njengomgangatho wekhabhathi yabakhweli. Oku kwandisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo, kuphucula ukhuseleko kwiingozi ezibangelwa ziingozi, kwaye kuvumela ukuphakama kwesithuthi okuphantsi, okuphucula i-aerodynamics.
• Iseli-ukuya-kwiChassis (CTC):Iinkampani ezifana neLeapmotor kunye neXiaomi ziye zaqhubeka noku, zidibanisa iiseli ngqo kwi-chassis. Eli nqanaba lokudibanisa linciphisa inani lezinto, lenza lula inkqubo yokuhlanganisa (ixhasa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-75%), kwaye landisa ubungakanani obufumanekayo bokugcina amandla.

5.2 Inguqulelo yeSilicon Carbide (SiC) kwiPower Electronics

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-EV akupheleli nje kwibhetri; kuxhomekeke kwindlela elawulwa kwaye iguqulwa ngayo loo mandla. Utshintsho oluvela kwi-Silicon (Si) IGBTs zemveli ukuya kwi-Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs kwii-power inverters lube yinto etshintshileyo.

• Iinzuzo Zokusebenza Kakuhle:I-SiC ivumela amaza okutshintsha aphezulu kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu obuphantsi, nto leyo ethetha ukonyuka kwe-5-10% kuluhlu lwezithuthi kunye namaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
• Uyilo lwe-800V:I-China ikhokele ukusasazwa kwe-800V high-voltage platforms kwihlabathi liphela. Iimpawu ezifana ne-XPENG kunye ne-GAC Aion zibonelela ngezithuthi ezinokongeza i-200km yomgama kwimizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 kuphela. Esi siseko sobugcisa sibalulekile ekulweni "noxinzelelo lomgama" kunye nokuqhuba ukwamkelwa ngobuninzi okuxhasa ukugqwesa kwemveliso ye-China.

5.3 IiCockpits Ezikrelekrele kunye Nokuqhuba Ngokuzimeleyo: I-Software Edge

Ngowama-2026, imoto yemoto yaseTshayina idla ngokubonwa njenge "gumbi lokuhlala elihambayo" okanye "i-smartphone enamavili" kunemoto yesiqhelo.

• Inkqubo yeDijithali:Ukuhlanganiswa neenkqubo ze-ecosystem ezifana ne-HarmonyOS yeHuawei okanye i-HyperOS yeXiaomi ivumela utshintsho olungenamthungo ukusuka kwifowuni ukuya kwimoto. Ulawulo lwelizwi, ukuqaphela iimpawu, kunye namava okunxibelelana kwizikrini ezininzi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibeke umda omtsha kubathengi behlabathi.
• Iinkqubo zoNcedo lwaBaqhubi eziPhambili (i-ADAS):Nangona i-FSD kaTesla isaqhubeka nokuba yingxoxo, iinkampani zaseTshayina ezifana neHuawei (ene-ADS 3.0) kunye ne-XPENG (ene-XNGP) zithumela ukuqhuba okuzimela kwinqanaba lesixeko kumakhulu ezixeko zaseTshayina. Ngokusebenzisa i-LiDAR, iikhamera ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye neeseti zedatha ezinkulu zasekuhlaleni, ezi nkqubo zibonakala zisebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo nezixineneyo zasezidolophini zaseTshayina, zibonelela ngomjelo wobuchwephesha okunzima ukuba abakhuphisana nabo bamanye amazwe bawudlule.

6. Izifundo Zetyala: Iintshatsheli Zolawulo Lwehlabathi

Ukuze umntu aqonde isabelo se-75%, kufuneka ajonge iinkampani ezikhokelayo.

6.1 BYD: I-Titan yoQhagamshelo oluMileyo

I-BYD (Yakha Amaphupha Akho) yeyona moto inzima kwihlabathi le-EV. Ngowama-2025, i-BYD yadlula iTesla kwintengiso ye-EV kuphela, kwaye indlela eyahamba ngayo ngo-2026 isafana neyobuxoki.

• Uluhlu lwangaphakathi lobonelelo:I-BYD ivelisa iibhetri zayo, ii-semiconductors zayo, kwaneenqanawa zayo zothutho. Eli nqanaba lokuhlanganiswa ngokuthe nkqo lenza ukuba ikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwehlabathi lonikezelo kwaye liyivumela ukuba igcine imida yenzuzo emonelayo kushishino.
• Icebo leHlabathi:Nge-Atto 3, iDolphin, kunye neSeal, i-BYD idale ipotifoliyo "yeemoto zehlabathi" ekhuphisana phantse kuzo zonke iindawo. Ukwanda kwayo kwiimarike ezifana neBrazil neThailand, apho yakha khona iifektri ezinkulu, kubonisa ukuzinikela ekulawuleni iindawo zasekuhlaleni.

6.2 I-SAIC kunye ne-MG: I-Heritage Pivot

I-SAIC Motor isebenzise ngempumelelo ilifa laseBritane lophawu lweMG ukuze yoyise iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, ngakumbi eYurophu nase-Australia.

• Ukungena kwiMarike:I-MG4 EV ibe yenye yee-hatchbacks zombane ezithengiswa kakhulu e-UK naseJamani. Ngokudibanisa ubuchule boyilo lwaseYurophu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwenziwa kwemveliso yaseTshayina kunye nobuchwepheshe bebhetri, i-SAIC ifumene indlela ephumelelayo yokuthumela ngaphandle.

6.3 Abangeneleli Abatsha: IXiaomi kunye neeNgcali zeTekhnoloji

Ukungena kweXiaomi kwimarike yeemoto ngo-2024-2025 kuthumele amaza othusayo kulo lonke eli shishini. Ngo-2026, iXiaomi SU7 kunye nabalandelayo bayo baye baba ziimpawu zendlela inkampani yetekhnoloji enokuphazamisa ngayo icandelo leemoto.

• Uyilo lweMveliso:I-“Hyperfactory” kaXiaomi isebenzisa iindlela eziphambili ze-“Gigacasting” kunye nomgca wokudibanisa phantse ngokupheleleyo werobhothi, omele eyona ncopho yokwenziwa kwezinto ngobuchule eTshayina. Olu buchule lunegalelo ngqo kwinani lemveliso yehlabathi eliyi-75%.

7. Ukuntywila nzulu: I-Geopolitics yoGcino lwaMandla kunye nokuHlanganisa iiGridi

Ulawulo lweTshayina alukho nje ekuhambiseni iimoto; lumalunga notshintsho lonke lwamandla. I-EV yeyona nxalenye ibonakalayo yesicwangciso esikhulu esibandakanya iinkqubo zokugcina amandla (i-ESS) kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele.

7.1 Iibhetri zoBomi beSibini kunye noQoqosho oluSijikelezileyo

Njengoko isizukulwana sokuqala see-EV sifikelela esiphelweni sobomi baso, iTshayina ikhokela phambili ekusetyenzisweni kweebhetri kwakhona kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobomi besibini.

• Ukuphinda Usetyenziswe Ngokucwangcisiweyo:Imithetho yaseTshayina iyalela ukuba ii-OEMs zibe noxanduva lomjikelo wobomi beebhetri zazo. Oku kukhokelele ekudalweni koshishino olukhulu lokurisayikilisha olufumana ngaphezulu kwe-95% ye-lithium, i-cobalt, kunye ne-nickel, nto leyo edala uthotho lweenkonzo "oluvaliweyo" olunciphisa ngakumbi ukuxhomekeka kwimigodi yangaphandle.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ESS:Iibhetri ze-EV ezithathe umhlala-phantsi zisetyenziselwa ukugcina amandla angashukumiyo, nto leyo enceda ukulinganisela igridi njengoko amandla omoya kunye namandla elanga ephuma rhoqo. Olu manyano phakathi kwamacandelo ezothutho kunye namandla lusisiseko sesicwangciso sobuchule sexesha elide saseTshayina.

7.2 Ukuthunyelwa kweMigangatho ngaphandle: GB/T vs. CCS

Kanye njengokuba iVHS yayikhuphisana neBetamax, kukho idabi lehlabathi malunga nemigangatho yokutshaja. Umgangatho we-GB/T waseTshayina ngowona usetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngokwevolumu.

• Ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo:Ngokuthumela izithuthi kwamanye amazwe kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja, iTshayina inefuthe kuphuhliso lwenethiwekhi zokutshaja kwiimarike ezisakhulayo. Ukuba ilizwe lisebenzisa umgangatho we-GB/T (okanye umgangatho omtsha we-ChaoJi okhawulezayo), lidala ukhetho lwendalo kwizithuthi zaseTshayina kunye nababoneleli beziseko zophuhliso, nto leyo eqinisa ngakumbi impembelelo yeTshayina ye-75%.

8. Iintshukumo zoThumelo ngaphandle: Ukuhambahamba kwiNdawo yoMhlaba ka-2026

Njengoko siqhubeka nokufikelela kunyaka ka-2026, amaqhinga okuthumela ngaphandle ii-EV zaseTshayina aya esanda ngokwanda.

8.1 Imodeli "yeSikhungo seSithili"

Ukuze kuliwe nokwanda kokhuseleko eNtshona, iinkampani zaseTshayina ziyayeka imodeli ethi “Yenziwe eTshayina, Yathunyelwa Ehlabathini” ziye kwimodeli ethi “Yenziwe eTshayina, Yathengiswa Ehlabathini”.

• IMexico njengeSango:Utyalo-mali lwaseTshayina kwizixhobo zeemoto zaseMexico kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo luyanda. Ngelixa i-US izama ukuvala ezi zithuthi nge-USMCA, ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla eMntla Melika kwenza kube nzima ukuphumeza ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa ishishini leemoto laseMelika.
• Ingcingane yoMbindi Mpuma:I-UAE kunye neSaudi Arabia, zifuna ukwahlulahlula uqoqosho lwazo kude neoyile, ziye zaba ngabatyali-mali abakhulu kunye nabathengi betekhnoloji ye-EV yaseTshayina. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-NIO kunye ne-CYVN Holdings ngumzekelo ophambili wolu lungelelwaniso lutsha lwezemali kunye nolwemizi-mveliso.

8.2 Ulawulo lweHlabathi

Ukuthunyelwa kwee-75% zeemoto ze-EV kwihlabathi kufuna umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu.

• Iikhonkco zeRail ezizinikeleyo:I-China-Europe Railway Express ibe yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuthumela ii-EV kunye neenxalenye zayo kwamanye amazwe, inika enye indlela ekhawulezayo (nangona ibiza kakhulu) endaweni yokuthutha ngolwandle. Ngo-2026, "ii-EV trains" ezizinikeleyo ziyinto eqhelekileyo, zithutha amawaka ezithuthi kulo lonke ilizwe lase-Eurasia.
• Uthungelwano lweDijithali:Iinkampani zaseTshayina zisebenzisa i-AI kunye ne-blockchain ukulandelela yonke into ukusuka kwimigodi ukuya kumthengi wokugqibela, nto leyo ebonelela ngomgangatho wokungafihlisi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okunciphisa amaxesha okufumana imali kwaye kunciphisa iindleko kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe.

(Siyaqhubeka nzulu ngakumbi kwicandelo elilandelayo: Ipropathi yoBuchule, uBuchule boLuntu, kunye neMaphu yeNdlela ka-2030…)

9. Injini yeZakhono zoLuntu kunye ne-R&D: Ukunika amandla uBuchule obuqhubekayo

Isabelo semveliso esingama-75% sidla ngokubangelwa ziindleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi, kodwa ngo-2026, le yingcamango ephosakeleyo eyingozi. Umqhubi wokwenyani kukugcwala okukhulu kwetalente yobunjineli kunye nokuchitha imali eninzi kwi-R&D okugqitha abachasi behlabathi.

9.1 Intsalela yoBunjineli

I-China ivelisa abafundi abaphumelele kwi-STEM (iSayensi, iTekhnoloji, ubuNjineli, kunye neMathematika) abaninzi kunabo baphumelele kwi-United States naseYurophu xa bedibene. Kwicandelo leemoto, oku kuye kwaphumela ekubeni kubekho iinjineli eziselula nezinomdla kakhulu ezikhululekileyo ngokudibanisa izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware.

• Isantya seNkcubeko kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-"996″:Nangona impikiswano iqhubeka, inkcubeko yokusebenza nzima kumacandelo obuchwephesha neemoto aseTshayina ivumela umjikelo wokuphindaphinda ophindwe kathathu ukuya kane ngokukhawuleza kunakwii-OEM zemveli zaseNtshona. Ingxaki yesoftware engathatha inyanga ukuyilungisa eStuttgart idla ngokusonjululwa ngobusuku obunye eHangzhou.
• Ukuhamba kweTalente phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo:Imida phakathi kweefowuni eziphathwayo, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zabathengi, kunye namashishini eemoto ayicacanga eTshayina. Iinjineli ezivela kwiinkampani ezifana ne-OPPO, iVivo, kunye neHuawei zizisa ulwazi lwazo kuyilo lwe-user interface (UI), uqhagamshelo, kunye nolawulo lwebhetri kwihlabathi le-EV, zidala i-hybrid talent pool ekhethekileyo eTshayina.

9.2 Ukuchitha imali kwi-R&D kunye noLawulo lwePatent

Ngowama-2026, iinkampani ze-EV zaseTshayina zichitha ipesenti ephezulu yengeniso yazo kwi-R&D kunabalingani bazo belifa le-ICE.

• Ukukhula kwePatent:Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-battery chemistry, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye ne-automation driving algorithms, iinkampani zaseTshayina ngoku zikhokela ihlabathi kwiifayile ze-patent. I-CATL yodwa iphethe amashumi amawaka ee-patent, idala inqaba yepropathi yobuchwephesha (IP) eyenza kube nzima kubaqalayo abatsha ukukhuphisana ngaphandle kwelayisenisi yetekhnoloji yaseTshayina.
• Amaziko eHlabathi eR&D:Ukuze basebenzise italente yehlabathi, ii-OEM zaseTshayina ziseke amaziko ophando nophuhliso eSilicon Valley, eMunich, naseTokyo. Nangona kunjalo, "ingqondo" ephambili yale misebenzi ihlala eTshayina, iqinisekisa ukuba ulwalathiso olucwangcisiweyo kunye nesantya sokuvelisa izinto ezintsha zilawulwa zisuka embindini.

10. Indima kaRhulumente: Ucwangciso lweSicwangciso vs. Ukhuphiswano lweMarike

Ingxoxo malunga "nenkxaso-mali engafanelekanga" idla ngokungayiqondi kakuhle indlela urhulumente waseTshayina asebenzisana ngayo nemarike ye-EV. Ayikokunika nje imali; imalunga nokudala imeko-bume apho iinkampani ezilungileyo zinokuphumelela khona.

10.1 "Ukukhethwa Kwabo Banamandla"

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2010, bekukho amakhulu eenkampani ezintsha ze-EV eTshayina. Urhulumente wasebenzisa indibaniselwano yeelayisenisi zemveliso ezingqongqo, iimfuno zenkxaso-mali eziguqukayo (ezikhetha uluhlu oluphezulu kunye noxinano lwamandla), kunye neenkqubo zekhredithi ze-"New Energy Vehicle" (NEV) ukuze kuncitshiswe ababuthathaka.

• Ukudibanisa:Iinkampani ezisaseleyo ngo-2026—BYD, NIO, XPENG, Li Auto—zisindile kwimarike yasekhaya enoburhalarhume efana ne-“Hunger Games”. Ziqinile kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kuba bekufuneka zibe njalo ukuze zisinde kukhuphiswano lwasekhaya, nto leyo ebenza babe namandla kakhulu xa bengena kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.
• Iziseko zophuhliso njengeNzuzo kaRhulumente:Eyona nxaxheba inkulu yelizwe ibe kukuqaliswa kweziseko zokutshaja. I-China ineenqwaba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ezingaphezu kwehlabathi liphela. Le meko "yokutshaja naphi na" isuse umqobo oyintloko wokwamkelwa kwe-EV kwasekuqaleni, ivumela imakethi yasekhaya ukuba ifikelele kwiminyaka ebalulekileyo ngaphambi kwamanye amazwe.

10.2 Inkqubo yeTyala eliBini

"Ulawulo oluQhelekileyo lokusetyenziswa kwepetroli okuqhelekileyo kwiinkampani kunye neekhredithi zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla" (iNkqubo yeTyala eliBini) yaseTshayina inyanzele bonke abavelisi, kuquka namashishini adibeneyo angaphandle, ukuba bavelise ii-EV okanye bathenge iikhredithi kwabo benza njalo. Oku kudale imakethi enkulu yangaphakathi yetekhnoloji ye-EV kwaye kwaqinisekisa ukuba nabavelisi be-ICE bemveli banegalelo ekukhuleni kwenkqubo yombane.

11. Ukuntywila Okunzulu Kwezobugcisa: Uphuhliso Lwekhemikhali Yebhetri kunye Namaphupha Aqinileyo

Njengoko sijonga isiseko sobuchwephesha sokuba iTshayina ilawula nge-75%, ibhetri ihlala iyeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ngowama-2026, sibona ukwahlukahlukana kweekhemikhali ezenzelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.

11.1 I-Sodium-Ion: Umda Wexabiso Eliphantsi

Nangona amaxabiso e-lithium ezinzile, iTshayina iqhubele phambili ngeebhetri zeSodium-ion.

• Ubuninzi beZixhobo:I-Sodium ininzi kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona iibhetri ze-Sodium-ion zinamandla aphantsi kune-Lithium-ion, zisebenza ngcono kwimozulu ebandayo kwaye zilungele ii-micro-EVs zasezidolophini ezingabizi kakhulu.
• Imveliso enkulu:Ngowama-2026, iimpawu ezifana neChery kunye neBYD zisebenzisa iibhetri zeSodium-ion kwiimodeli zazo zokuqala, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi umqobo wokungena kobunini be-EV kwiimarike ezisakhulayo kwaye ikhusela uthungelwano lokubonelela kwixabiso le-lithium elingaguqukiyo.

11.2 Inkqubela phambili ekwimeko eqinileyo neqinileyo

"I-Holy Grail" yetekhnoloji ye-EV—ibhetri eqinileyo—ayiselophupha likude ngo-2026.

• Impumelelo Eqinileyo Kancinci:I-NIO sele isebenzise ngempumelelo ibhetri yayo ye-150kWh, enika umgama ongaphezulu kwe-1,000km ngetshaja enye. Oku kubonisa ukuba iinkampani zaseTshayina zikhokela ukuthengiswa kogcino lwamandla lwesizukulwana esilandelayo.
• Imephu yeNdlela yeSizwe esiQinileyo:Iinkampani ezifana neQingTao Energy kunye neTalent New Energy ziqhuba imigca yokuvelisa yovavanyo lweeseli ezizimeleyo. Ngowama-2028-2030, iTshayina kulindeleke ukuba ibe yeyokuqala ukufikelela kumlinganiselo wemarike yokwenyani yeebhetri ezizimeleyo, okunokuthi kunyuse isabelo sayo semveliso sibe ngaphezulu kwe-75% njengoko bebeka umgangatho omtsha wehlabathi wokhuseleko kunye noxinano lwamandla.

12. I-Geopolitics ye-"Green Race": Ukhuseleko, Imigaqo yokuziphatha, kunye neMigangatho

Ulawulo lwe-75% lunefuthe elikhulu kukhuseleko lwehlabathi kunye nokuziphatha, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kwingxoxo yezopolitiko ye-geopolitical ka-2026.

12.1 Ingxoxo "yoKhuseleko lweDatha"

Njengoko ii-EV zisiba ngathi zii-smartphone, ziqokelela idatha eninzi—imbali yendawo, iincoko zekhabhathi, kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo zangaphandle ngeekhamera ezisebenza kakuhle kunye ne-LiDAR.

• Ingozi "yeSithuthi esiQhagamshelweyo":Oorhulumente baseNtshona baphakamise inkxalabo yokuba ii-EV ezenziwe eTshayina zingasebenza njengeeplatifomu zokujonga eziphathwayo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani zaseTshayina ziyasebenzisana ngakumbi nababoneleli bamafu basekuhlaleni (njengee-T-Systems eYurophu) ukugcina nokucubungula idatha ngaphakathi kulo mmandla, bezama ukwakha ukuthembana ngokucaca kunye nokwenza izinto zasekhaya zibe zezasekhaya.
• Ulawulo lweSoftware:Idabi "leNkqubo yokuSebenza kweMoto" liphambili kwimfazwe yobuchwepheshe. Njengoko ihlabathi lahlulwe phakathi kwe-iOS kunye ne-Android, ihlabathi leemoto liya liqhekeka phakathi kwee-software ezikhokelwa yiNtshona kunye ne-ecosystems ezikhokelwa yiTshayina.

12.2 Ulawulo Lwendalo Nentlalo (ESG) kwiCandelo Lokubonelela Ngeenkonzo

I-China igxekwe kakhulu malunga nezenzo zabasebenzi kwiindlela zayo zokubonelela ngezimbiwa kunye nempembelelo yekhabhoni kwimveliso yayo ethwala amalahle amaninzi.

• Utshintsho "oluluhlaza" lweMveliso:Ukuze zigcine isabelo sazo se-75% kwihlabathi elixhalabele i-ESG, iinkampani zaseTshayina zityala imali eninzi kwi-"Zero-Carbon Factories." I-BYD kunye ne-CATL bazibophelele ekufezekiseni ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni kwiinkqubo zabo zemveliso ngo-2030, zisebenzisa ii-solar arrays ezinkulu kwindawo yazo kwaye zithenga amandla aluhlaza.
• Ukulandelelwa kunye nokuFumaneka kweMpahla ngendlela efanelekileyo:Ukusetyenziswa kwe-blockchain ukulandelela "iBattery Passport" kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ngo-2026. Oku kuvumela umthengi waseYurophu ukuba aqinisekise ukuba i-lithium kwi-MG4 yakhe yembiwa kwaye yacocwa ngokwemigangatho yehlabathi yokusingqongileyo kunye neyabasebenzi, nto leyo ethintela enye yezigxeko eziphambili ezisetyenziswa ngabezopolitiko abakhuselayo.

(Siqhubeka nokuhlola iMarike Dynamics, i-"Australia Shift" njenge-microcosm, kunye ne-Final Synthesis…)

13. Ukufuduswa kweZikhundla zoMthonyama zeMveli: iJamani, iJapan, kunye neMelika

Isabelo semveliso se-75% saseTshayina asikokukhula nje okongeziweyo; ngumdlalo oqhubeka ungabi namali osusa iinkokeli zembali zehlabathi leemoto.

13.1 Ingxaki yaseJamani: Amaqabane okanye abakhuphisanayo?

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, abenzi beemoto baseJamani abanjengoVolkswagen kunye neBMW bafumana ukukhula okukhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina. Ngo-2026, iindima ziye zaguquka.

• Ukulahleka "kweNzuzo yeNjini":Udumo lobunjineli baseJamani lwakhiwe kubunzima nokuphuculwa kwenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi. Kwixesha le-EV, olo bunzima luxanduva. Uqeqesho olulula lwe-EV lwalungisa intsimi yokudlala, kwaye iinkampani zaseTshayina, ezingathwaliswanga lutyalo-mali lwe-ICE oludala, ziye zabaleka phambili.
• Ukuguqulwa kweJoint Venture:Ngokwembali, iifemu zangaphandle zithathe i-50% yenzuzo kwiinkampani ezidibeneyo zaseTshayina. Ngoku, iifemu zaseJamani ziya ziba ngamaqabane amancinci kwezobuchwepheshe. Utyalo-mali lweVolkswagen kwiXPENG kunye nentsebenziswano yeAudi ne-IM Motors yeSAIC zimele "ukuthengwa" kwamaqonga obuchwephesha aseTshayina ukuze ahlale efanelekile kwimarike yaseTshayina—kwaye ekugqibeleni, kwihlabathi liphela.

13.2 Ukungahlali kakuhle kweJapan: Ukubheja kweHydrogen vs. EV

IJapan, eyayisakuba yingqalabutho yeentlobo ngeentlobo zemveliso, iye yasokola ngokutshintshela kwi-BEVs ezicocekileyo (iiBattery Electric Vehicles).

• Umgibe oQhelekileyo:Ngokugxila ekuphuculeni ii-hybrids kunye nokubheja kwi-"Hydrogen Society," iingxilimbela zaseJapan ezifana neToyota kunye neHonda zanikezela ngemarike yokuqala ye-EV kwiTshayina. Ngowama-2026, njengoko ihlabathi lithambekele ngamandla kumbane, iimpawu zaseJapan zibona isabelo sazo semarike kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia—eyayisakuba “yindlu yazo yangasemva”—siphela ngenxa yezinye iindlela zaseTshayina ezingabizi kakhulu nezikumgangatho ophezulu.
• Umsantsa weCandelo loNikezelo:IJapan ayinazo iibhetri zasekhaya ezinzulu kunye nothungelwano lweeminerali oluye lwalinywa yiTshayina, nto leyo eyenza ukutshintshela kwayo kwi-EV kubize kakhulu kwaye kube sengozini ngokwesicwangciso.

13.3 Impendulo yaseMelika: Inqaba yaseMelika

Icebo laseMelika ngo-2026 lelokukhawulelana nokuvuselelwa kwelizwe.

• Umsantsa kwiZiseko zoPhuhliso:Nangona i-US ipasisile uMthetho woTyalo-mali lweZiseko zoPhuhliso kunye neMisebenzi, isantya sokuqaliswa kwetshaja sisemva kakhulu kuneTshayina. Oku kuthintela "isiphumo se-flywheel" apho iziseko zophuhliso ziqhuba ukuthengisa, nto leyo eqhuba utyalo-mali olungakumbi kwiziseko zophuhliso.
• I-Tesla Factor:I-Tesla iseyeyona nkampani yaseNtshona kuphela ekwaziyo ukukhuphisana nee-OEM zaseTshayina ngobukhulu nangobuchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthembela okunzulu kwe-Tesla kwi-Shanghai Gigafactory yayo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe kudala ukubandakanyeka okuntsonkothileyo kwezopolitiko, apho uphawu lwe-Western EV oluphambili kwihlabathi lukwanegalelo elikhulu kwimveliso yaseTshayina ebalaseleyo ngama-75%.

14. Ukuyila ngokutsha iModeli yeShishini: Ukuthengisa emva kwempahla, iiVenkile zokuthengisa, kunye nokuThenga ngqo

Ulawulo lweemoto ze-EV zaseTshayina luphawulwa luguquko kwindlela ezithengiswa nezigcinwa ngayo iimoto.

14.1 Ukufa koMthengisi weMveli

E-China, nakwimarike yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle, imodeli yendabuko yokuthengisa "ye-3S/4S" ithathelwa indawo ziivenkile zemiboniso ezisembindini wesixeko kunye nokuthengiswa ngqo kubathengi.

• Amaxabiso acacileyo:Iimpawu zaseTshayina ziye zaba ngabaqalisi beemodeli zamaxabiso asisigxina, zisusa "ukurhweba" kunye namaxabiso angacacanga kubathengisi bendabuko. Oku kuyahambelana nabathengi abancinci, abasebenzisa idijithali kwihlabathi liphela.
• Inkonzo Edibeneyo:Ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwemoto, ukugcinwa kwayo kulawulwa ngee-apps. Ukuxilongwa okukude kuvumela ukuba iingxaki ezininzi ezinxulumene nesoftware zilungiswe nge-OTA, kwaye inkonzo ebonakalayo idla ngokuba "kukuthathwa nokulahlwa," idityaniswe namava ebhrendi.

14.2 Ukuphazamiseka Kwasemva Kwemarike

Iimoto zemveli zenza inxalenye enkulu yenzuzo yazo yobomi bonke ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingasetyenziswayo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo. Ii-EV, ezineenxalenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo ngama-90%, ziyayiphazamisa yonke le nkqubo yendalo.

• Imodeli yeNgeniso yeSoftware:Iimpawu zaseTshayina zijonge "kwiFeature-on-Demand" (FoD) kunye neenkonzo zobhaliso (ezifana nokuqhuba okuzimeleyo okuphambili okanye umxholo we-infotainment we-premium) ukuze zithathe indawo yengeniso yenkonzo elahlekileyo.
• Ibhetri njengeNkonzo (iBaaS):Imodeli ye-NIO yokuthengisa imoto ngaphandle kwebhetri, ethi umthengi ayiqeshe aze ayitshintshise, idala umjelo wengeniso ohlala ixesha elide, kwaye isombulula inkxalabo "yexabiso eliseleyo" malunga nokuwohloka kwebhetri.

15. I-Intelligent Vehicle Paradigm: Ngaphaya kweMigca yoKuhlanganisa

Isabelo semveliso se-75% sivuselelwa yinto ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi-“Industry 4.0 eneempawu zaseTshayina.”

15.1 Umzi-mveliso “wokucima izibane”

Ngowama-2026, iifektri eziphambili ze-EV eTshayina—ezifana nezo ziqhutywa yi-BYD eHefei okanye eXiaomi eBeijing—zifikelela kumanqanaba okwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo awayekade eqikelelwa.

• Ukuchaneka kweRobhothi:Ukususela ekunyatheliseni nasekudibaniseni ukuya ekupeyinteni nasekuhlanganiseni kokugqibela, ukungenelela kwabantu kuyancitshiswa. Iinkqubo zokubona ezisebenzisa i-AI zenza uhlolo lomgangatho ngesantya kunye nokuchaneka okugqitha amandla omntu.
• Amawele edijithali:Isithuthi ngasinye kunye nomatshini ngamnye kumzi-mveliso une-"Digital Twin." Oku kuvumela ukulungiswa kwexesha lokwenyani kokuhamba kwemveliso, ukugcinwa kwangaphambili koomatshini, kunye nenqanaba lokwenza ngokwezifiso ("iFactory of One") apho imoto nganye emgceni inokuba yodwa ngaphandle kokucothisa imveliso.

15.2 Ulungelelwaniso lweCandelo loNikezelo

Ulawulo lwe-75% luxhaswa kukwenziwa kwemveliso "ngexesha elifanelekileyo" okugqithisileyo.

• IiPaki zeShishini eziDibeneyo:Ababoneleli badla ngokuba ngaphakathi kwepaki enye yemizi-mveliso okanye nakwisakhiwo esifanayo nomgca wokugqibela wokuhlanganisa. Olu "dibaniso oluthe nkqo kwindawo enye" ​​lunciphisa iindleko zothutho, lunciphisa unyawo lwekhabhoni, kwaye luvumela unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo phakathi kwababoneleli beTier 1 kunye ne-OEM.

16. Ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho olukhulu kunye ne-Geopolitical: Ulungelelwaniso lweHlabathi elitsha

Njengoko sigqibezela olu phando lunzulu, kuyacaca ukuba ukuphumelela kwe-75% yemveliso ye-EV eTshayina akupheleli nje kwiimoto; luhlengahlengiso olusisiseko loqoqosho lwehlabathi.

16.1 Utshintsho kwiMali yoRhwebo

Kangangamashumi eminyaka, ishishini leemoto belingumthombo ophambili wengeniso yokuthumela ngaphandle eYurophu naseJapan. Ukunyuka kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EV yaseTshayina kuyayitshintsha le milinganiselo yorhwebo. Ngo-2026, icandelo leemoto libe negalelo elikhulu kwingeniso engaphezulu kwezorhwebo yaseTshayina, nangona kubekwe irhafu yaseNtshona.

• Utshintsho lwe-"Petrodollar" ukuya kwi-"Electrodollar":Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya kude neoyile, ukubaluleka kwesicwangciso soMbindi Mpuma kuyehla, ngelixa ukubaluleka kwamazwe alawula i-EV kunye nothungelwano lokubonelela ngebhetri (ekhokelwa yiTshayina) kuyanda. Oku kutshintsha ubudlelwane behlabathi kunye nempembelelo yemali.

16.2 Imigaqo yokuziphatha yokulawula

Ubuninzi be-75% yeshishini elibalulekileyo kwilizwe elinye buphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuqina kwehlabathi.

• Imfuneko Yokwahlukahluka:Ihlabathi liphela kufuneka lifumane indlela yokwakha amandla alo e-EV, kungekuphela nje ukuze lithathe indawo yeTshayina, kodwa ukuqinisekisa imakethi yehlabathi ekhuphisanayo nezinzileyo.
• Ithuba leNtsebenziswano:Nangona kukho ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko, "i-Green Transition" ngumceli mngeni wehlabathi ofuna intsebenziswano. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwetekhnoloji yaseTshayina kunye nemali yayo kunokukhawulezisa ukususwa kwekhabhoni kwiplanethi, ukuba nje kwenziwa ngendlela ehlonipha ubukhosi bendawo kunye nemigangatho yehlabathi.

17. Isiphelo: Isantya Esingenakuguqulwa

Unyaka ka-2026 uphawula inqanaba lokungabuyeli. Isabelo se-75% seTshayina kwimveliso ye-EV yehlabathi asiseyona njongo; siyinyani esisiseko kwishishini leemoto. Ukudibana kokhuseleko lwezixhobo, ubuchule bobuchwephesha, ubuchule bokuvelisa, kunye namandla okuthumela ngaphandle ngamandla kudale isantya esingenakuthintelwa, kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo.

Iimoto zemveliIshishini leemoto zemveli liyakhiwa kwakhona lijikeleze iziko elitsha lomxhuzulane, kwaye elo ziko liseTshayina. Oko kwaqala njengesiganeko semarike yasekhaya - izibonelelo, isikali, kunye notyalo-mali lwekhonkco lokubonelela - kuye kwaba ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokulungelelanisa ishishini lehlabathi. Yonke i-OEM, umthengisi, kunye norhulumente ngoku baceba malunga namandla emveliso yaseTshayina, ikhemistri yebhetri yaseTshayina, kunye namaxabiso aseTshayina, nokuba bayakhuphisana nabo okanye basebenzisana nabo.

Isantya Sisakhiwo

Lo asingomjikelo wemarike oza kubuyela umva. Ezi zinto zibangela oku zizinto ezicwangcisiweyo kwaye ziyaqinisana:

• Ukhuseleko lwezixhobo:Iinkampani zaseTshayina zilawula okanye zibambene ngamasheya amakhulu ombane we-lithium, nickel, cobalt, kunye ne-graphite ehlabathini.
• Uqoqosho lwezemveliso:Isikali, ukuzenzekela, kunye nokuhlanganiswa ngokuthe nkqo kuye kwakhokelela iindleko zeebhetri zaseTshayina kumanqanaba achaza umgangatho wamaxabiso ehlabathi.
• Iziseko zophuhliso zokuthumela ngaphandle:Iinqanawa zenqanawa ze-ro-ro ezizinikeleyo, iifektri zaphesheya, kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo ziguqule amandla okuthumela kwamanye amazwe aba sisixhobo sothutho.
• Isantya sobuchwepheshe:Ngeeplatifomu ze-800V, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zeSiC, kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ngobuchule, iimveliso zaseTshayina ngoku zikhokela ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye namaxabiso.

Akukho nanye kwezi nzuzo ephela ngokukhawuleza. Ngayinye ingumjelo ohlangana ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iinketho Ezijongene Nehlabathi Lonke

Impendulo kwinyani ka-2026 ayisiyondlela enye kodwa yimenyu:

• Khuphisana:Yakha amandla asekhaya emva komgaqo-nkqubo wezoshishino, njengoko i-US IRA kunye ne-EU Net-Zero Industry Act zizama.
• Iqabane:Yamkela itekhnoloji yaseTshayina kunye nemali njengeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokususa i-carbonization, njengoko iimarike ezininzi ezisakhulayo zisenza.
• Yenza ngokwezifiso:Gxila kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu — amacandelo eemoto zorhwebo, iziseko zokutshaja — apho ulwazi lwengingqi lusaphumelela khona.

Inyani ecacileyo kukuba uninzi lwamazwe luya kuxubana zontathu ezi zinto. Abaphumeleleyo baya kuba ngabo baphatha unyaka ka-2026 kungekhona njengosongelo olufanele luthintelwe kodwa njengomgaqo oza kucwangciswa.

Kwiimarike ezisakhulayo, ukubalwa kwahlukile kwakhona. Amazwe angenazo iifektri zeemoto ezindala anokutsibela ngqo kwi-mobility yombane esebenzisa amaqonga aseTshayina, iibhetri zaseTshayina, kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja zaseTshayina - kanye njengoko i-Indonesia, iBrazil, kunye neendawo ezinkulu zaseAfrika naseMbindi Mpuma sele zisenza. Kwezi marike, ulawulo lwaseTshayina alusoyikiso; lolona rhwebo lufikelelekayo kakhulu lokufakelwa umbane olukhe lwabakho. Umbuzo obalulekileyo apho asikokukhuphisana kodwa lulawulo lokuxhomekeka: indlela yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ngelixa usakha inkonzo yasekuhlaleni, ukuhlanganisa, kunye nokukwazi ukuvelisa ekugqibeleni.

Ilizwi lokugqibela

Amashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu ekhulwini emveliso ye-EV yehlabathi ayisosiphelo; yimeko yokuqala. Ishumi leminyaka elizayo liza kuchazwa yindlela ihlabathi eliphendula ngayo - ngeendonga okanye ngeebhulorho, ngeerhafu okanye ngokudluliselwa kwetekhnoloji. Okungasathethwayo yindlela yokuhamba ngayo. Utshintsho lombane ludlule kwinqanaba lokungabuyeli, kwaye iziko lezemveliso lomxhuzulane eliluqhubayo liza kuhlala liyiTshayina kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo. Umsebenzi wabo bonke abanye abadlali asikokubuyisela umva amandla, kodwa kukuma ngaphakathi kwalo.

I-COMPLE MIDA Power ikwindawo edibana kuyo olu tshintsho — umenzi waseTshayina weetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC, ii-superchargers ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo, kunye neenkqubo ze-BESS ezixhomekeke kuzo ii-EV fleet zehlabathi. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha zobugcisa, amathuba okubambisana, okanye iikowuteshini, nxibelelana neqela lethu namhlanje.