Ukuqonda Ubuchwepheshe Obusemuva Kokushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-AC

Isingeniso

Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) ziqhubeka nokuthola ukuthandwa, nesidingo sengqalasizinda yokushaja esheshayo, esebenza kahle, futhi etholakala kabanzi siyanda. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zokushaja i-EV, i-AC Fast Charging ivele njengesixazululo esithembisayo esilinganisela isivinini sokushaja kanye nezindleko zengqalasizinda. Le bhulogi izohlola ubuchwepheshe ngemuva kwe-AC Fast Charging, izinzuzo nezinzuzo zayo, izingxenye, izindleko, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona, njll.

Ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi (i-EV) kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa izindleko, ububanzi, kanye nesivinini sokushaja. Kulezi, isivinini sokushaja sibalulekile ngoba sithinta ukulula nokufinyeleleka kwama-EV. Uma isikhathi sokushaja sihamba kancane kakhulu, abashayeli bazovinjelwa ukusebenzisa ama-EV ohambweni olude noma uhambo lwansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe bokushaja buthuthuka, isivinini sokushaja sesishesha kakhulu, okwenza ama-EV asebenziseke kalula ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Njengoba kwakhiwa iziteshi zokushaja zesivinini esikhulu futhi izikhathi zokushaja ziqhubeka nokwehla, ukwamukelwa kwama-EV cishe kuzokwanda kakhulu.

Kuyini Ukushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-AC?

Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC uhlobo lokushaja kwemoto kagesi olusebenzisa amandla e-AC (alternating current) ukushaja ibhethri lemoto kagesi ngokushesha. Lolu hlobo lokushaja ludinga isiteshi sokushaja esikhethekile noma ibhokisi lodonga ukuze kunikezwe amazinga aphezulu amandla kushaja yemoto esemotweni. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kushesha kunokushaja okujwayelekile kwe-AC kodwa kuhamba kancane kunokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, okusebenzisa amandla aqondile ukushaja ibhethri lemoto. Isivinini sokushaja se-AC Fast Charging sisukela ku-7 kuya ku-22 kW, kuye ngokuthi isiteshi sokushaja sinamandla kangakanani kanye neshaja yemoto esemotweni.

Ukubuka Konke Kobuchwepheshe Bokushaja Okusheshayo kwe-AC

Isingeniso Sobuchwepheshe Bokushaja I-AC

Ngalobu buchwepheshe, abanikazi be-EV manje sebengashaja izimoto zabo ngesivinini esisheshayo, okubenza bakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade ngaphandle kokudinga ukuyeka ukushaja isikhathi eside. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kusebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu kanye ne-amperage kunezindlela zokushaja ezivamile, okuvumela ama-EV ukuthi ashaje kufika ku-80% womthamo webhethri lawo ngemizuzu engama-30 nje kuphela. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okuguqula indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokuthuthwa kukagesi, okwenza kube inketho esebenziseka kalula futhi ewusizo yokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Ukushaja kwe-AC vs. DC

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokushaja kwe-EV: ukushaja kwe-AC kanye nokushaja kwe-DC (direct current). Ukushaja kwe-DC kungaletha amandla ngqo ebhethrini lemoto, kudlule ishaja engaphakathi bese kushaja ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-350 kW. Kodwa-ke, ingqalasizinda yokushaja ye-DC ibiza kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi ukuyifaka nokuyinakekela. Nakuba ukushaja kwe-AC kuhamba kancane kunokushaja kwe-DC, kutholakala kabanzi futhi kushibhile ukuyifaka.

Indlela Ukushaja kwe-AC Okusebenza Ngayo Nokuthi Yini Eyenza Kusheshe Kuneshaja Ejwayelekile Ye-AC

Ukushaja i-AC inqubo yokushaja kabusha ibhethri lemoto kagesi (i-EV) kusetshenziswa amandla ashintshanayo (i-AC). Ukushaja i-AC kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ishaja ye-AC evamile noma esheshayo. Ishaja ye-AC evamile isebenzisa uhlelo lokushaja lwezinga 1, oluvame ukuletha ama-volts angu-120 kanye namandla afinyelela ku-16 amps, okuholela esivinini sokushaja esingaba amamayela angu-4-5 ngehora.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ishaja ye-AC esheshayo isebenzisa uhlelo lokushaja lweLevel 2, olunikeza ama-volts angu-240 kanye namandla afinyelela kuma-amps angu-80, okuholela ekusheshiseni kokushaja okungafika kumamayela angu-25 ngehora. Lesi sivinini sokushaja esikhulayo sibangelwa yi-voltage ephezulu kanye ne-amperage elethwa uhlelo lokushaja lweLevel 2, okuvumela amandla engeziwe ukuthi angene ebhethri le-EV ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinhlelo zokushaja zeLevel 2 zivame ukuba nezici ezifana nokuxhumeka kwe-WiFi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone zokuqapha nokulawula inqubo yokushaja.

Izinzuzo kanye nezinzuzo zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC

Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kunezinzuzo eziningana nezinzuzo ezenza kube yisisombululo esikhangayo kubanikazi be-EV kanye nabasebenzi beziteshi zokushaja. Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC isikhathi sokushaja esincishisiwe. Ibhethri elijwayelekile le-EV lingashajwa kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-80% cishe ngemizuzu engama-30-45 ngeshaja esheshayo ye-AC, uma kuqhathaniswa namahora amaningana ngeshaja ejwayelekile ye-AC.

Enye inzuzo yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC ukuthi izindleko zayo zengqalasizinda ziphansi kunokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kudinga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebiza kakhulu, okwenza kube kubi kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kungenziwa ngengqalasizinda elula, kunciphisa izindleko zokufaka zizonke.

Ubulula bengqalasizinda yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC buhlinzeka nangokuguquguquka okukhulu maqondana nezindawo zokufaka. Iziteshi zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC zingafakwa ezindaweni eziningi, njengezindawo zokupaka, izitolo, kanye nezindawo zomphakathi, okwenza kube lula ngabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukushaja izimoto zabo.

Ukusebenza Kahle Nokusebenza Kahle Kokushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-AC Kwama-EV

Ngokuhambisana nezinzuzo zayo, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC nakho kuyisisombululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sokushaja ama-EV. Amazinga aphezulu wamandla okushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC avumela amandla engeziwe ukuthi alethwe ebhethrini ngesikhathi esifushane, okunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokushaja okugcwele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunokushaja okuvamile kwe-AC, njengoba kuletha amandla ebhethri ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kulahleka amandla amancane njengokushisa ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja, okuholela ekuchithekeni kwamandla okuncane kanye nezindleko zokushaja eziphansi kumnikazi we-EV.

Izesekeli Zokushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-AC Nezingxenye

Iziteshi zokushaja okusheshayo ze-AC zinezingxenye eziningana kanye nezesekeli ezisebenzisanayo ukuhlinzeka ngesisombululo sokushaja esisheshayo nesisebenzayo sama-EV.

Isingeniso Sezingxenye Zokushaja Okusheshayo ze-AC

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesiteshi sokushaja okusheshayo se-AC zifaka phakathi imojuli yamandla, imojuli yokuxhumana, ikhebula lokushaja, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Imojuli yamandla iguqula umthombo wamandla we-AC ube amandla e-DC bese iwuletha ebhethrini le-EV. Imojuli yokuxhumana iphatha inqubo yokushaja, ixhumana ne-EV, futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yokushaja. Ikhebula lokushaja lixhumanisa isiteshi sokushaja ne-EV, futhi isixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi sinikeza ulwazi kumnikazi we-EV futhi sibavumele ukuthi baqale futhi bamise inqubo yokushaja.

Indlela Lezi Zesekeli Ezisebenza Ngayo Ndawonye

Uma umnikazi we-EV exhuma imoto yakhe esiteshini sokushaja okusheshayo se-AC, isiteshi sokushaja sixhumana ne-EV ukuze sinqume amapharamitha okushaja afanele kakhulu aleyo moto ethile. Uma la mapharamitha esemisiwe, isiteshi sokushaja siletha amandla ebhethri le-EV sisebenzisa ikhebula le-AC elinamandla amakhulu.

Isiteshi sokushaja siphinde siqaphe isimo sebhethri njengoba lishaja, silungise amapharamitha okushaja njengoba kudingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri lishaja ngesivinini esifanele. Uma ibhethri selifinyelele ekushajeni okuphelele, isiteshi sokushaja siyayeka ukunikeza imoto amandla, siqinisekise ukuthi ibhethri alishaji kakhulu nokuthi isikhathi sayo sokuphila asinciphi.

Izindleko Zokushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-AC

Izindleko zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC zingahluka kuye ngezici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamandla esiteshini sokushaja, uhlobo lwesixhumi esisetshenziswayo, kanye nendawo yesiteshi sokushaja. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC ziphakeme kunezo zokushaja okujwayelekile kwe-AC, kodwa ziseshibhile kakhulu kunophethiloli.

Izindleko zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC zivame ukubalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lamandla asetshenziswa yi-EV. Lokhu kulinganiswa ngama-kilowatt-hours (kWh). Izindleko zikagesi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo, kodwa ngokuvamile ziphakathi kuka-$0.10 no-$0.20 nge-kWh. Ngakho-ke, ukushaja i-EV ngebhethri elingu-60 kWh kusukela engenalutho kuya egcwele kungabiza cishe u-$6 kuya ku-$12.

Ngaphezu kwezindleko zikagesi, ezinye iziteshi zokushaja zingase zikhokhise imali ngokusebenzisa izikhungo zazo. Lezi zimali zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo kanye nohlobo lwesiteshi sokushaja. Ezinye iziteshi zinikeza ukushaja kwamahhala, kanti ezinye zikhokhisa imali engaguquki noma isilinganiso somzuzu ngamunye.

Ukushaja Okusheshayo kwe-AC kanye nempilo yebhethri

Okunye ukukhathazeka abanikazi abaningi be-EV abanakho ngokushaja okusheshayo umthelela ongaba khona empilweni yebhethri. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kungabangela ukuguguleka okukhulu kwebhethri kunokushaja kancane, umthelela ngokuvamile uncane kakhulu.

Abakhiqizi abaningi be-EV baklame izimoto zabo ukuze zihambisane nokushaja okusheshayo futhi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile ukusiza ekunciphiseni umthelela empilweni yebhethri. Isibonelo, amanye ama-EV asebenzisa izinhlelo zokupholisa uketshezi ukusiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lebhethri ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo, okunciphisa amathuba okulimala.

Izicelo Zokushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-EV

Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezahlukene, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni komuntu siqu kuya engqalasizinda yomphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuvumela abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi bashaje izimoto zabo ngokushesha ngenkathi besesohambeni, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuhamba amabanga amade ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphelelwa ugesi.

Ngengqalasizinda yomphakathi, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kungasiza ekusekeleni ukukhula kwemakethe ye-EV ngokuhlinzeka ngezinketho zokushaja ezithembekile nezilula kubanikazi be-EV. Le ngqalasizinda ingafakwa ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene, njengezindawo zokupaka, izindawo zokuphumula, nezinye izindawo zomphakathi.

Izinselele Nekusasa Lokushaja Okusheshayo Kwe-AC

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukusekela ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC. Ngokungafani neziteshi zokushaja zendabuko, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kudinga amandla kagesi amakhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukisa igridi yamandla nokufaka ama-transformer anomthamo ophezulu kanye neminye imishini kungabiza kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kungacindezela kakhulu ibhethri kanye nohlelo lokushaja lwemoto, okungenzeka kunciphise isikhathi sayo sokuphila futhi kwandise ingozi yokushisa ngokweqile kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuphepha. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezindinganiso eziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC ngenkathi futhi kwenza kube lula ukufinyeleleka futhi kube lula kuwo wonke umuntu.

Ikusasa lokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC libukeka lithembisa njengoba izimoto zikagesi zithandwa kakhulu futhi zisabalala. Okwamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi beziteshi zokushaja ze-EV abangochwepheshe basemakethe (isb., i-Mida), ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuthola isiteshi sokushaja okusheshayo se-AC esingcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri ingaholela emabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke ikusasa lokushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC liqhakazile futhi lizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwamukelweni kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi.

Isifinyezo

Ekuphetheni, ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuwubuchwepheshe obubalulekile ekukhuleni kwemakethe ye-EV. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inani lama-EV liqhubeka nokukhula, ezinye izinkinga kusadingeka zixazululwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo eziqinile, singaqinisekisa nokuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-AC kuzoqhubeka kuyindlela ethembekile nenobungani nemvelo yokufaka uphethiloli ezimotweni zikagesi zakusasa.