Gusobanukirwa ikoranabuhanga riri inyuma yo gushyushya vuba AC

Intangiriro

Uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zikomeje gukundwa, ni nako hakenewe ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija byihuse, bikora neza kandi biboneka henshi. Mu bwoko butandukanye bwo gusharija amashanyarazi, AC Fast Charging yagaragaye nk'igisubizo cyiza gihuza umuvuduko wo gusharija n'ikiguzi cy'ibikorwa remezo. Iyi blog izasuzuma ikoranabuhanga riri inyuma ya AC Fast Charging, ibyiza n'ibyiza byayo, ibice byayo, ikiguzi, ikoreshwa rishoboka, nibindi.

Gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ikiguzi, aho zinyura, n'umuvuduko wo gushyushya. Muri ibi, umuvuduko wo gushyushya ni ingenzi kuko bigira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye no kugerwaho na EV. Niba igihe cyo gushyushya ari gito cyane, abashoferi bazabuzwa gukoresha EV mu ngendo ndende cyangwa ingendo za buri munsi. Ariko, uko ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya rigenda rirushaho kwiyongera, umuvuduko wo gushyushya warushijeho kuba mwinshi, bituma EV zikoreshwa neza buri munsi. Uko hagiye hubakwa sitasiyo nyinshi zo gushyushya umuvuduko mwinshi kandi igihe cyo gushyushya kigakomeza kugabanuka, gukoresha EV bishobora kwiyongera cyane.

Gusharija vuba bya AC ni iki?

Gushaja byihuse bya AC ni ubwoko bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha ingufu za AC (alternating current) kugira ngo zishaje batiri y'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi vuba. Ubwo bwoko bwo gushaja busaba sitasiyo yihariye yo gushaja cyangwa agasanduku k'inkuta kugira ngo gatange ingufu nyinshi ku gishaja cy'imodoka kiri mu modoka. Gushaja byihuse bya AC byihuta kurusha AC isanzwe ariko bigatinda kurusha DC fast charger, ikoresha direct power kugira ngo ishaje batiri y'imodoka. Umuvuduko wo gushaja byihuse bya AC uri hagati ya 7 na 22 kW, bitewe n'ubushobozi bw'ikigo cyo gushaja n'igishaja cy'imodoka kiri mu modoka.

Incamake ya tekiniki yo gusharija vuba ya AC

Intangiriro y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya AC

Binyuze muri iri koranabuhanga, ba nyiri amashanyarazi ubu bashobora gushyushya imodoka zabo ku muvuduko wihuta cyane, bigatuma bakora ingendo ndende badakeneye guhagarika kongera gushyushya igihe kirekire. Gushyushya vuba hakoreshejwe AC bikoresha voltage nyinshi na amperage kurusha uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya, bigatuma amashanyarazi ashobora gushyushya kugeza kuri 80% by'ubushobozi bwa bateri yabo mu minota 30 gusa. Iri koranabuhanga rifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo dutekereza ku gutwara amashanyarazi, bigatuma riba amahitamo meza kandi afatika yo gukoreshwa buri munsi.

Gusharija AC VS DC

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV: AC charger na DC (direct current). Gushyushya amashanyarazi ya DC bishobora gutanga ingufu kuri batiri y'imodoka, binyura kuri charger iri mu modoka hanyuma bigashyushya ku muvuduko wa 350 kW. Ariko, ibikorwa remezo byo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya DC birahenze cyane kandi biragoye gushyiraho no kubungabunga. Nubwo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya AC bigenda buhoro ugereranyije no gushyushya amashanyarazi ya DC, biraboneka cyane kandi bihendutse kuyishyiraho.

Uburyo Gusharija AC Bikora n'Ikintu Kiyitera Kwihuta Ugereranije n'Isharija Isanzwe ya AC

Gushaja AC ni inzira yo kongera gushaja batiri y'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) hakoreshejwe ingufu z'amashanyarazi zisimburana (AC). Gushaja AC bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe shajara ya AC isanzwe cyangwa yihuta. Shajara ya AC isanzwe ikoresha sisitemu yo gushajara yo ku rwego rwa 1, ikunze gutanga volti 120 n'ingufu za ampere 16, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gushajara ugera kuri kilometero 4-5 ku isaha.

Ku rundi ruhande, charger ya AC yihuta ikoresha sisitemu yo gusharija ya Level 2, itanga volts 240 n'ingufu za amps 80, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gusharija ugera kuri kilometero 30 ku isaha. Uku kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gusharija biterwa n'ingufu nyinshi na amperage bitangwa na sisitemu yo gusharija ya Level 2, bigatuma ingufu nyinshi zinjira muri bateri ya EV mu gihe gito. Uretse ibi, sisitemu yo gusharija ya Level 2 ikunze kugira ibintu nka WiFi na porogaramu za terefone zigendanwa kugira ngo zikurikirane kandi zigenzure uburyo bwo gusharija.

Ibyiza n'Ibyiza byo Gukoresha AC Kwihutisha Gukoresha AC

Gusharija byihuse bya AC bifite ibyiza byinshi bituma biba igisubizo gikurura ba nyiri amashanyarazi n'abakoresha sitasiyo zo gusharija. Inyungu ikomeye yo gusharija byihuse bya AC ni ukugabanya igihe cyo gusharija. Bateri isanzwe ya EV ishobora gusharija kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 80% mu minota 30-45 ukoresheje sharija yihuse ya AC, ugereranije n'amasaha menshi ukoresheje sharija isanzwe ya AC.

Indi nyungu yo gusharija byihuse bya AC ni uko igura ibikorwa remezo bike ugereranyije no gusharija byihuse bya DC. Gusharija byihuse bya DC bisaba ibikoresho bigoye kandi bihenze, bigatuma bihenda cyane. Ubundi buryo, gusharija byihuse bya AC bishobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibikorwa remezo byoroshye, bigagabanya ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyushya imodoka za AC vuba butanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiramo imodoka. Aho gushyushya imodoka za AC vuba hashobora gushyirwa ahantu hatandukanye, nko mu bibuga by'imodoka, mu maduka, no mu bibuga bihurira abantu benshi, bigatuma ba nyiri imodoka za AC bashobora kwishyushya imodoka zabo.

Ingufu n'Uburyo bwo Gukoresha AC Kwihutisha Gukoresha EVs

Ku bw'inyungu zayo, AC fast charging nayo ni igisubizo cyiza kandi cyiza cyo gusharija EVs. Ingufu nyinshi zo AC fast charging zituma ingufu nyinshi zitangwa muri bateri mu gihe gito, bigabanya igihe gikenewe kugira ngo charge yuzuye.

Byongeye kandi, gusharija vuba kwa AC birakora neza kurusha gusharija bisanzwe kwa AC, kuko bitanga ingufu kuri batiri vuba. Ibi bivuze ko ingufu nke zibura nk'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusharija, bigatuma ingufu zitakaza nke kandi ikiguzi cyo gusharija kikagabanuka kuri nyiri EV.

Ibikoresho byo Gusharija Byihuse bya AC n'Ibikoresho Biyigize

Ibikoresho byo gusharija byihuse bya AC bifite ibice byinshi n'ibindi bikoresho bikorana kugira ngo bitange igisubizo cyo gusharija byihuse kandi neza ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Intangiriro y'Ibice Bishaje bya AC

Ibice by'ingenzi bya sitasiyo yo gusharija yihuta ya AC birimo module y'amashanyarazi, module y'itumanaho, insinga yo gusharija, na interface y'umukoresha. Module y'amashanyarazi ihindura isoko y'amashanyarazi ya AC mo ingufu za DC ikayigeza kuri bateri ya EV. Module y'itumanaho icunga inzira yo gusharija, ivugana na EV, kandi igenzura umutekano w'inzira yo gusharija. Insinga yo gusharija ihuza sitasiyo yo gusharija na EV, kandi interface y'umukoresha itanga amakuru kuri nyiri EV kandi ikamushoboza gutangira no guhagarika inzira yo gusharija.

Uburyo ibi bikoresho bikora hamwe

Iyo nyiri imodoka ya EV ashyize imodoka ye muri sitasiyo yo gusharija yihuta ya AC, sitasiyo yo gusharija iganira na EV kugira ngo imenye ibipimo byiza byo gusharija kuri iyo modoka. Iyo ibi bipimo bimaze gushyirwaho, sitasiyo yo gusharija itanga umuriro kuri batiri ya EV ikoresheje insinga ya AC ifite ingufu nyinshi.

Ahantu ho gusharija hakurikirana imiterere ya bateri uko isharija, hagahindurwa ibipimo byo gusharija uko bikenewe kugira ngo bateri isharije ku gipimo cyiza. Iyo bateri imaze gusharija yuzuye, aho gusharija hahagarara gutanga umuriro ku modoka, bireba ko bateri idashyuha cyane kandi ko igihe cyo kuyimara muri rusange kitagabanuka.

Igiciro cyo Gusharija Byihuse bya AC

Igiciro cyo gushyushya vuba cya AC gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ingufu zisohoka muri sitasiyo yo gushyushya, ubwoko bw'umuyoboro ukoreshwa, n'aho sitasiyo yo gushyushya iherereye. Muri rusange, ikiguzi cyo gushyushya vuba cya AC kiri hejuru y'icyo gushyushya gisanzwe cya AC, ariko kiracyari gito cyane ugereranyije na lisansi.

Igiciro cyo gusharija vuba kwa AC gikunze kubarwa hashingiwe ku ngano y'ingufu zikoreshwa na EV. Ibi bipimirwa mu masaha ya kilowati (kWh). Ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi gitandukana bitewe n'aho giherereye, ariko akenshi kiba hagati ya $0.10 na $0.20 kuri kWh. Kubwibyo, gusharija EV ifite batiri ya kWh 60 kuva ku busa kugeza ku bwuzuye byatwara hagati ya $6 na $12.

Uretse ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, zimwe muri sitasiyo zo gusharija zishobora kwishyuza amafaranga yo gukoresha ibikoresho byazo. Ayo mafaranga ashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'aho aherereye n'ubwoko bwa sitasiyo zo gusharija. Hari sitasiyo zishyuza ubuntu, izindi zishyuza amafaranga adahinduka cyangwa igiciro ku munota.

Gushaja vuba na bateri ya AC

Indi mpungenge benshi ba nyiri amashanyarazi bafite ku bijyanye no gusharija vuba ni ingaruka zishobora kugira ku buzima bwa bateri. Nubwo ari ukuri ko gusharija vuba bishobora gutuma bateri yangirika cyane kuruta gusharija buhoro, ingaruka muri rusange ni nkeya.

Inganda nyinshi za EV zakoze ibinyabiziga byazo kugira ngo bihuze no gusharija vuba kandi zashyizeho ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye kugira ngo zigabanye ingaruka ku buzima bwa bateri. Urugero, zimwe muri EV zikoresha sisitemu zo gukonjesha amazi kugira ngo zifashe mu kugena ubushyuhe bwa bateri mu gihe cyo gusharija vuba, bigabanye ibyago byo kwangirika.

Uburyo bwo Gukoresha EV Kwishyuza Byihuse

Gukoresha AC fast charging bifite uburyo butandukanye, kuva ku gukoresha umuntu ku giti cye kugeza ku bikorwa remezo rusange. Ku bakoresha umuntu ku giti cye, AC fast charging yemerera ba nyiri amashanyarazi kongera charger ku modoka zabo vuba mu gihe bari mu rugendo, bigatuma boroherwa no gukora ingendo ndende batitaye ku kubura umuriro w'amashanyarazi.

Ku bikorwa remezo rusange, gusharija byihuse bya AC bishobora gufasha iterambere ry'isoko rya EV binyuze mu gutanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bwizewe bwo gusharija EV ku ba nyiri EV. Ibi bikorwa remezo bishobora gushyirwa ahantu henshi hatandukanye, nko aho bategera imodoka, aho baruhukira, n'ahandi hantu hahurira abantu benshi.

Imbogamizi n'ejo hazaza ho AC yo kwihutisha charge

Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ni ibikorwa remezo bikenewe kugira ngo AC ikomeze kwishyuza vuba. Bitandukanye n'ahantu hasanzwe ho kwishyuza, AC ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi cyane, bityo kuvugurura amashanyarazi no gushyiraho transformers zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'ibindi bikoresho bishobora guhenda kandi bigatwara igihe. Byongeye kandi, AC ishobora gukurura cyane bateri na sisitemu yo kwishyuza imodoka, bigashobora kugabanya igihe cyo kuyimara no kongera ibyago byo gushyuha cyane n'ibindi bibazo by'umutekano. Ni ngombwa guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya n'amahame agena umutekano n'ubwirinzi bwo kwishyuza vuba bya AC, ariko kandi bigatuma iboneka ku buryo bworoshye kandi buhendutse kuri buri wese.

Ahazaza ho gusharija byihuse bya AC bisa nkaho ari heza kuko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zirushaho gukundwa no gukwirakwira. Hagati aho, abakora sitasiyo nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi ya EV bari ku isoko (urugero, Mida), bityo biroroshye cyane kubona sitasiyo nziza yo gusharija byihuse bya AC. Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri rishobora gutuma bateri ziramba kandi zigatangira gushyarishwa byihuse. Bityo rero, ahazaza ho gusharija byihuse bya AC ni heza kandi bizagira uruhare runini mu gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bukwiranye.

Incamake

Muri make, AC yihuta ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'isoko rya EV. Ariko, uko umubare wa EV ukomeje kwiyongera, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bigikeneye gukemurwa vuba bishoboka. Dushyize mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye, dushobora kandi kwemeza ko AC yihuta izakomeza kuba uburyo bwizewe kandi butangiza ibidukikije bwo gushyiramo lisansi ku modoka z'amashanyarazi z'ejo hazaza.