Ukuqonda iTekhnoloji emva kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC

Intshayelelo

Njengoko izithuthi zombane (ii-EV) ziqhubeka nokuthandwa, kukwakho nesidingo sokwakha iziseko zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo, ezisebenzayo, nezifumaneka ngokubanzi. Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja kwe-EV, ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-AC kuye kwavela njengesisombululo esithembisayo esilinganisela isantya sokutshaja kunye neendleko zeziseko. Le bhlog iza kuhlola ubuchwepheshe obungasemva kokutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-AC, iingenelo kunye neenzuzo zayo, izinto, iindleko, usetyenziso olunokubakho, njl.

Ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane (i-EV) kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iindleko, ububanzi, kunye nesantya sokutshaja. Kwezi zinto, isantya sokutshaja sibalulekile kuba sichaphazela ukulula nokufikeleleka kwee-EV. Ukuba ixesha lokutshaja licotha kakhulu, abaqhubi baya kuthintelwa ekusebenziseni ii-EV kuhambo olude okanye uhambo lwemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iteknoloji yokutshaja iphucuka, isantya sokutshaja siye sakhawuleza, okwenza ii-EV zisebenze ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla. Njengoko kwakhiwa izikhululo zokutshaja ezinesantya esiphezulu kwaye amaxesha okutshaja eqhubeka ehla, ukwamkelwa kwee-EV kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwande kakhulu.

Yintoni i-AC Fast Charging?

Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC luhlobo lokutshaja kwesithuthi sombane olusebenzisa amandla e-AC (alternating current) ukutshaja ibhetri yesithuthi sombane ngokukhawuleza. Olu hlobo lokutshaja lufuna isikhululo sokutshaja esikhethekileyo okanye ibhokisi yodonga ukuze kuhanjiswe amanqanaba aphezulu ombane kwitshaja engaphakathi kwesithuthi. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kukhawuleza kunokutshaja okuqhelekileyo kwe-AC kodwa kuhamba kancinci kunokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC, okusebenzisa amandla angqalileyo ukutshaja ibhetri yesithuthi. Isantya sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC siqala kwi-7 ukuya kwi-22 kW, kuxhomekeke kumthamo wesikhululo sokutshaja kunye netshaja engaphakathi kwesithuthi.

Isishwankathelo soBugcisa bokuTshaja okuKhawulezayo kwe-AC

Intshayelelo yeTekhnoloji yokuTshaja i-AC

Ngale teknoloji, abanini bee-EV ngoku banokutshaja izithuthi zabo ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba bahambe imigama emide ngaphandle kokufuna ukuyeka ukutshaja ixesha elide. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kusebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu kunye ne-amperage kuneendlela zokutshaja eziqhelekileyo, okuvumela ii-EV ukuba zitshaje ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yomthamo webhetri yazo kwimizuzu engama-30 nje kuphela. Le teknoloji inako ukuguqula indlela esicinga ngayo ngothutho lombane, okwenza kube lukhetho olusebenzisekayo nolusebenzayo lokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla.

Ukutshaja kwe-AC vs. DC

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zokutshaja kwe-EV: ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye nokutshaja kwe-DC (direct current). Ukutshaja kwe-DC kunokuhambisa amandla ngqo kwibhetri yesithuthi, kudlule itshaja engaphakathi kwaye kutshaje ngesantya esifikelela kwi-350 kW. Nangona kunjalo, iziseko zokutshaja ze-DC zibiza kakhulu kwaye zinzima ukuzifaka nokuzigcina. Nangona ukutshaja kwe-AC kucotha kunokutshaja kwe-DC, kufumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye kungabizi kakhulu ukukufaka.

Indlela Esebenza Ngayo Ukutshaja I-AC kunye Nento Eyenza Ikhawuleze Kunetshaja Eqhelekileyo Ye-AC

Ukutshaja kwe-AC yinkqubo yokutshaja kwakhona ibhetri yesithuthi sombane (i-EV) kusetyenziswa amandla atshintshanayo (i-AC). Ukutshaja kwe-AC kungenziwa kusetyenziswa itshaja ye-AC eqhelekileyo okanye ekhawulezayo. Itshaja ye-AC eqhelekileyo isebenzisa inkqubo yokutshaja yeNqanaba loku-1, edla ngokunika ii-volts ezili-120 kunye namandla afikelela kwi-16 amps, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisantya sokutshaja esimalunga neekhilomitha ezi-4-5 ngeyure.

Kwelinye icala, itshaja ye-AC ekhawulezayo isebenzisa inkqubo yokutshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2, enika ii-volts ezingama-240 kunye namandla afikelela kwi-80 amps, nto leyo ebangela isantya sokutshaja esifikelela kwiimayile ezingama-25 ngeyure. Esi santya sokutshaja sinyukile ngenxa yevolthi ephezulu kunye ne-amperage eziziswa yinkqubo yokutshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2, nto leyo evumela amandla amaninzi ukuba angene kwibhetri ye-EV ngexesha elifutshane. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zokutshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zihlala zineempawu ezifana noqhagamshelo lwe-WiFi kunye nee-apps zefowuni ukujonga nokulawula inkqubo yokutshaja.

Iingenelo kunye neenzuzo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC

Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kuneenzuzo ezininzi kunye neenzuzo ezenza ukuba ibe sisisombululo esinomtsalane kubanini be-EV kunye nabaqhubi bezikhululo zokutshaja. Eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kukunciphisa ixesha lokutshaja. Ibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-EV inokutshaja ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-80% malunga nemizuzu engama-30-45 ngetshaja esheshayo ye-AC, xa kuthelekiswa neeyure ezininzi ngetshaja eqhelekileyo ye-AC.

Enye inzuzo yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kukuba iindleko zayo zeziseko zophuhliso ziphantsi kunezo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-DC kufuna izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo nezibizayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kubize kakhulu. Kungenjalo, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kunokusetyenziswa ngeziseko zophuhliso ezilula, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zokufakela iyonke.

Ubulula beziseko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC bukwabonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu malunga neendawo zokufakela. Izikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-AC zinokufakelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngeendawo zokupaka iimoto, iindawo zokuthenga, kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba abanini be-EV batshaje izithuthi zabo.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kwii-EV

Ngokuhambelana neenzuzo zayo, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kukwasisisombululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sokutshaja ii-EV. Amanqanaba aphezulu amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC avumela amandla amaninzi ukuba athunyelwe kwibhetri ngexesha elifutshane, nto leyo enciphisa ixesha elifunekayo lokutshaja ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphezu koko, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kusebenza ngcono kunokutshaja rhoqo kwe-AC, njengoko kunika ibhetri amandla ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthetha ukuba amandla amancinci alahlekayo njengobushushu ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, nto leyo ebangela inkcitho yamandla encinci kunye neendleko zokutshaja eziphantsi kumnini we-EV.

Izixhobo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-AC kunye neenxalenye

Izitishi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-AC zinezixhobo ezininzi kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisanayo ukubonelela ngesisombululo sokutshaja esikhawulezayo nesisebenzayo kwii-EV.

Intshayelelo yeeCandelo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-AC

Izinto eziphambili zesikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza se-AC ziquka imodyuli yamandla, imodyuli yonxibelelwano, intambo yokutshaja, kunye nojongano lomsebenzisi. Imodyuli yamandla iguqula umthombo wamandla we-AC ube ngumbane we-DC kwaye iyithumele kwibhetri ye-EV. Imodyuli yonxibelelwano ilawula inkqubo yokutshaja, inxibelelana ne-EV, kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokutshaja. Intambo yokutshaja iqhagamshela isikhululo sokutshaja kwi-EV, kwaye ujongano lomsebenzisi lubonelela ngolwazi kumnini we-EV kwaye lubavumela ukuba baqale kwaye bamise inkqubo yokutshaja.

Indlela Ezi Zixhobo Ezisebenza Ngayo Kunye

Xa umnini we-EV efaka imoto yakhe kwisikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza se-AC, isikhululo sokutshaja sinxibelelana ne-EV ukuze kuchongwe iiparameter zokutshaja ezifanelekileyo kweso sithuthi. Nje ukuba ezi parameters zimiselwe, isikhululo sokutshaja sinikezela amandla kwibhetri ye-EV sisebenzisa intambo ye-AC enamandla aphezulu.

Isikhululo sokutshaja sikwajonga imeko yebhetri njengoko itshaja, silungisa iiparameter zokutshaja njengoko kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri itshaja ngesantya esifanelekileyo. Nje ukuba ibhetri ifikelele ekutshajweni kwayo ngokupheleleyo, isikhululo sokutshaja siyayeka ukunika imoto amandla, siqinisekise ukuba ibhetri ayitshajiswa kakhulu kwaye ubomi bayo bonke abuncitshiswa.

Ixabiso lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC

Ixabiso lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya amandla aphumayo kwisikhululo sokutshaja, uhlobo lwesixhumi esisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nendawo yesikhululo sokutshaja. Ngokubanzi, ixabiso lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC liphezulu kunelo lokutshaja okuqhelekileyo kwe-AC, kodwa lisephantsi kakhulu kunepetroli.

Ixabiso lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC lidla ngokubalwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bamandla asetyenziswa yi-EV. Oku kulinganiswa ngee-kilowatt-hours (kWh). Ixabiso lombane liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo, kodwa lidla ngokuba malunga ne-$0.10 ukuya kwi-$0.20 nge-kWh. Ke ngoko, ukutshaja i-EV enebhetri engama-60 kWh ukusuka engenanto ukuya kwepheleleyo kuya kubiza malunga ne-$6 ukuya kwi-$12.

Ukongeza kwixabiso lombane, ezinye izitishi zokutshaja zinokuhlawulisa umrhumo wokusebenzisa izixhobo zazo. Ezi ntlawulo zinokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nohlobo lwesitishi sokutshaja. Ezinye izitishi zibonelela ngokutshaja simahla, ngelixa ezinye zihlawulisa umrhumo othe tyaba okanye umrhumo ngomzuzu.

Ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwe-AC kunye nempilo yebhetri

Enye inkxalabo abanayo abanini bee-EV abaninzi malunga nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza yimpembelelo enokubakho kwimpilo yebhetri. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela ukubola kwebhetri ngaphezu kokutshaja kancinci, impembelelo ngokubanzi incinci.

Abavelisi abaninzi be-EV baye bayila izithuthi zabo ukuze zihambelane nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwaye basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo ukunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo kwimpilo yebhetri. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-EV zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokupholisa ulwelo ukunceda ukulawula ubushushu bebhetri ngexesha lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enciphisa amathuba okonakala.

Usetyenziso lwe-EV Fast Charging

Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kuneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni komntu ngamnye ukuya kwiziseko zophuhliso zikawonke-wonke. Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kuvumela abanini be-EV ukuba batshaje ngokukhawuleza izithuthi zabo ngelixa beseluhambeni, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kubo ukuhamba imigama emide bengenaxhala lokuphelelwa ngumbane.

Kwiziseko zophuhliso zoluntu, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kunokunceda ukuxhasa ukukhula kwemarike ye-EV ngokubonelela ngeendlela zokutshaja ezinokuthenjwa nezilula kubanini be-EV. Ezi ziseko zophuhliso zingasasazwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, njengeendawo zokupaka iimoto, iindawo zokuphumla, nakwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke.

Imingeni kunye nekamva lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC

Enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu ziziseko ezifunekayo ukuxhasa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC. Ngokungafaniyo nezikhululo zokutshaja zemveli, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kufuna amandla ombane amakhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ukuphucula igridi yamandla kunye nokufaka ii-transformers ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nezinye izixhobo kunokubiza kakhulu kwaye kuthathe ixesha. Ukongeza, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kunokucinezela kakhulu ibhetri kunye nenkqubo yokutshaja yesithuthi, okunokunciphisa ubomi bayo kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wokushisa kakhulu kunye neminye imiba yokhuseleko. Kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nemigangatho eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC ngelixa kuyenza ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye ifikeleleke kuye wonke umntu.

Ikamva lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC libonakala lithembisa njengoko izithuthi zombane zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zisasazeka. Okwangoku, abavelisi abaninzi bee-EV charging stations abaziingcali basemarikeni (umz., iMida), ngoko ke kulula kakhulu ukufumana esona sikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza se-AC. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yebhetri kunokukhokelela kwiibhetri ezihlala ixesha elide kunye namaxesha okutshaja ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke ikamva lokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC liqaqambile kwaye liya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwezithuthi zombane.

Isishwankathelo

Ukuqukumbela, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC bubuchwepheshe obubalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwemarike ye-EV. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko inani lee-EV liqhubeka lisanda, ezinye iingxaki zisafuneka zijongwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo aqinileyo, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwe-AC kuya kuqhubeka kuyindlela ethembekileyo nenobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo yokufaka amafutha kwizithuthi zombane zangomso.