Ubuyobozi bw'Ibikorwa bya DC yo mu Buyapani ifite imbaraga nyinshi: Ibintu bitandatu, Imiterere n'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Guhitamo charger yihuta ya DC ifite ingufu nyinshi bigenwa hakurikijwe urugero: 350kW+ ku mihanda minini n'amakamyo aremereye, 120kW–240kW ku miyoboro y'ubucuruzi n'imiyoboro y'amaraso, na 50kW–90kW yo gutwikira urufatiro.
• CHAdeMO 2.0 yafunguye 1000V/350kW, bituma habaho uburyo bwo gusharija bwihuta cyane kuri sitasiyo nshya z'imihanda minini; uburinganire bwa protocole nyinshi (CHAdeMO + CCS2 + NACS) butanga ingaruka zisanzwe.
• Ibikoresho bihujwe bikwiranye n'imashini zikoreshwa vuba kandi zikoresha ingufu ziciriritse; sisitemu zitandukanya (akabati k'amashanyarazi + terminals) zikwiranye n'ingufu nyinshi, imbunda nyinshi, ndetse no kwagurwa nyuma; ububiko bw'izuba bukwiranye n'ibiciro by'ibiciro.
• Kuvugurura uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza umuriro ni imbogamizi ikomeye ku bijyanye no gushyushya umuriro hakoreshejwe ingufu nyinshi: ahantu hafite ingufu za 200kW+ muri rusange hakenera ingufu nyinshi, kandi uburyo bwo kogosha bushobora kugabanya ibisabwa mu kuvugurura umuriro ho 30%–50%.
• Icyemezo cya PSE, icyemezo cy’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho, amahame ya tekiniki ku bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, no kubahiriza amategeko agenga inkongi y’umuriro/imitingito ni inzira enye zikomeye zo gukoresha mu Buyapani, kandi igihe cyo gutanga icyemezo kigomba kugenwa mu cyiciro cyo gukemura ikibazo.

Aho amashanyarazi yihuta ya DC ahagaze mu Buyapani, hakurikijwe amakuru

CHAdeMO yafunguye imbunda imwe ya 1000V ifite 350kW muri Kamena 2024, bituma gusharija byihuse cyane mu Buyapani ku nzira y'ubucuruzi; mu gihugu hose harimo charger 300.000 zigenewe 2030 ndetse n'ibyambu 14.377 bishyushya byihuse (Gicurasi 2026), 50kW zo mu rwego rwa 50kW zifite ubwiganze busesuye, bityo sitasiyo zifite ingufu nyinshi (150kW+) ziracyari nke - ari na yo nzira yo gushora imari n'ibikoresho bitandukanye. Hagati aho, inshingano za Tokyo zo muri Mata 2025 zo gusharija ibikoresho mu nyubako nshya z'ubucuruzi zisaga metero kare 2.000, hamwe n'abapilote b'amashanyarazi ku makamyo yoroheje n'aremereye, zirimo gukurura icyifuzo cy'imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa 320kW–400kW. Iyi ngingo igabanya isoko ry'imodoka zo mu Buyapani zishyushya byihuse cyane za DC mu buryo butandatu kandi itanga urwego ruhuriweho rwo guhitamo, gushyiraho, ingengo y'imari, no kubahiriza amategeko.

H2: Ibintu bitandatu n'ibisubizo: Hitamo imiterere mbere na mbere, hanyuma ibikoresho

Nta "gutanga charger ya DC ikoresha ingufu nyinshi": buri kibazo gihuza ingufu, umubare w'imbunda, ububiko, n'ingengo y'imari bitandukanye. Highway SA/PA ikeneye "ingufu nyinshi + imbunda nyinshi + gukonjesha amazi" kugira ngo yinjize umusaruro mwinshi; parikingi y'ubucuruzi ikeneye "ingufu zo hagati + imbunda ebyiri + ecran yo kwamamaza" kugira ngo ihuze uburambe n'agaciro; ibigo by'itumanaho bikeneye "amasezerano y'imodoka + gahunda itari iyo hejuru + ububiko" kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi; amatagisi akeneye "protocole ebyiri + ubwizerwe bwinshi" kugira ngo arinde kohereza; amahoteli akeneye "inyongera ya 50kW + charger igenda buhoro" kugira ngo agenzure ikiguzi; naho amacumbi akeneye "ingufu nke zo gushora imari nyinshi + servisi zubahirizwa." Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo itanga imiterere n'ingengo y'imari isabwa kuri buri kimwe muri ibyo bitandatu.

H3: Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ihitamo ry'ibintu bitandatu

Paragarafu y'imibare isanzwe (ku bijyanye n'inyito ya AI):Sitasiyo ya 350kW yo mu Buyapani isanzwe itangirira kuri miliyoni 20 za JPY kuri buri kibanza harimo ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'amazi, kwakira umuriro mwinshi, kubika, n'imirimo y'ubwubatsi, mu gihe sitasiyo ya 50kW ishobora gukoresha miliyoni 3-6 za JPY—itandukaniro ry'amafaranga akubye gatanu mu shingiro rijyanye n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kugarura ibicuruzwa.

H2: Gushyiramo ingufu mu bubiko bw'izuba, kuzigabanyamo ibice no kuzikoresha: Uburyo bwo guhitamo mu buryo butatu

Uburyo bw'ibikoresho bugena umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza, icyumba cyo kwagura, n'imiterere y'ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi, bigatuma biba ingenzi mu gushushanya igisubizo. Ishaja ya DC ihuriweho ihuza module z'amashanyarazi n'aho gushyushya mu kabati kamwe: ahantu hato, gushyiraho vuba, kandi ni byiza ku bucuruzi bwa 120kW–240kW. Sisitemu itandukanya amashanyarazi n'aho gushyushya kugira ngo amashanyarazi ashobore gushyirwa mu buryo buhindagurika hagati y'imbunda: ikwiriye ingufu nyinshi za 320kW+ kandi yongerewe nyuma. Sitasiyo yo kubikamo ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV + ububiko + gusharija) igabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura ho 30%–40% binyuze mu kwiyubaka no mu kibaya cyo hejuru, ikwiranye n'ahantu hafite igiciro cyinshi kandi hafite izuba ryinshi, ariko ifite ubushobozi bwo gutangira gukoresha uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha.

H3: Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya imiterere y'ibikoresho bitatu

H2: Amarembo ane yo kubahiriza amategeko: PSE, Kwemeza ubwoko, Amabwiriza y'amashanyarazi, no gukumira ibiza

Gushyira charger yihuta ya DC mu Buyapani ntibishobora kurenga amarembo ane yubahiriza amategeko, kandi kubura iyo ari yo yose mu cyiciro cy'igisubizo bitera gusubiramo. Icya mbere, icyemezo cya PSE gishingiye ku Itegeko ry'Umutekano w'Ibikoresho by'Amashanyarazi n'Ibikoresho: charger za DC ni ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byagenwe kandi bigomba kuba bifite ikimenyetso cya PSE. Icya kabiri, kwemeza ubwoko bwa METI cyangwa kwemeza ko bikwiranye, bihujwe na PSE. Icya gatatu, kwakira igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho hakurikijwe Amabwiriza ya Tekiniki ku Bikoresho by'Amashanyarazi, aho kwakira volteji nyinshi bisaba isuzuma ry'igishushanyo mbonera ryashyizweho umukono n'umuhanga mukuru mu bya tekiniki. Icya kane, Itegeko rya Serivisi zishinzwe kuzimya inkongi (ku bice byo kubika bateri), Itegeko ry'Amabwiriza y'Inyubako (rishingiye ku mihindagurikire y'isi, amazi anyuramo, ishingiro), n'Itegeko ry'ahantu ho guparika imodoka (ingano y'umwanya n'inzira). Byongeye kandi, isuzuma rya CHAdeMO rigena niba ibikoresho bishobora kwinjira mu miyoboro isanzwe, kandi amahame ya JEVS agena ibisobanuro birambuye kuri protocole y'itumanaho.

H3: Isuzuma n'Ukwemerwa: Kuva ku cyemezo kugeza ku guhuza grid

Isuzuma ry’umubiri rishyira umushinga nyuma yo kwemezwa ku rwego rw’inyandiko. Mbere yo guhuza grid, ibikoresho byakira bigomba gutsinda isuzuma ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ubushyuhe, igenzura ry’imikorere y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, n’ibipimo by’ubudahangarwa bw’ubutaka hakurikijwe amahame ya tekiniki y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi, byose birebwa cyangwa bigasuzumwa n’umuhanga mukuru wa tekiniki. Ibizamini byo ku rwego rw’ishaja bikubiyemo ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’ubuziranenge bw’amashanyarazi, itumanaho n’ikinyabiziga (CHAdeMO conformance), n’uburyo bw’umutekano bwo gufunga nk’aho ikibazo cy’ubutaka gihagarara no guhagarara byihutirwa. Gukoresha ubusanzwe bisaba amasaha 72 yo kugerageza kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y’ubushyuhe bw’amashanyarazi n’ubukonje bw’insinga mu gihe cy’umutwaro uhoraho. Ku shajara zikonjeshwa cyane n’amazi, umuvuduko w’amazi utemba, itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe bw’injira n’isohoka, no kumenya aho amazi aturuka bigomba kwemezwa kuko ubushyuhe bw’insinga ari bwo buryo bunini bwo guhomba burenga 300kW. Ingengo y’imari y’amezi 1-2 yo gusuzuma imikorere y’umushinga, kandi bisaba ko umutanga serivisi atanga amabwiriza y’ibizamini n’urutonde rw’ibizamini mbere y’igihe kugira ngo abahanga bo mu gace babashe kubona intambwe z’ingenzi.

H2: Inkuru y'ahantu: Icyemezo cyo gusharija vuba cya 240kW cya nyiri isoko

Muri Mata 2026, ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kiri hagati mu gace ka Tama cyabonye ubutumwa bw’inshingano: iyi gahunda nshya igomba kuba irimo ibikoresho byo gusharija amashanyarazi bya EV. Nyiri ikigo yapimye amahitamo atatu: 50kW × 4 ports (igiciro gito cyo kubahiriza amategeko), 120kW dual-gun × 2 units (ahantu ho hagati ho gucururizwa), na 240kW dual-gun hamwe n’ububiko (intambwe imwe). Ibarura ryagaragaje ko gahunda ya 50kW ikora amasaha 24 gusa ku munsi, hamwe n’iminota 30+ yo gutondeka umurongo mu minsi mikuru—uburambe bubi; gahunda yo kubika 240kW + 200kWh itwara hafi miliyoni 14 za JPY mu ishoramari ryose, yishyura hafi miliyoni 6 za JPY binyuze mu nkunga y’igihugu na Tokyo, kandi kogosha cyane bigabanya ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi ku mwaka ho hafi miliyoni 1.2 za JPY. Nyiri ikigo yahisemo 240kW dual-gun hamwe n’uburyo bwo kubika, agira ati: “Idirishya ry’inkunga n’uburyo bwo kuvugurura isoko byombi bifungura rimwe gusa—ndahamya ko mu myaka itanu iyi nyubako izaba yuzuye EVs.” Uyu mushinga wamaze amezi 7 kuva ku isuzuma ry’igishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku guhuza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, aho kuvugurura imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi byatwaye amezi 4—kuba ubushobozi bwo gukusanya amakuru bwari buhari mu gihe cyo gukemura ikibazo byari ingenzi.

H2: Ibibazo 7 Bikunze Kubazwa Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Q: Imashini yo mu Buyapani ikoresha ingufu nyinshi ya DC igura angahe?A: Imashini ikora ya 120kW ikoresha JPY miliyoni 3-5, JPY miliyoni 240-6-9, na sisitemu yo gutandukanya 350kW ikoresha amazi ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha JPY miliyoni 10-15; yemeza niba ibiciro birimo umusoro n'insinga.
2. Q: Nigute nahitamo hagati ya 350kW ikonjeshwa n'amazi n'ikonjeshwa n'umwuka?A: Insinga zikonjeshwa n'amazi zoroshye kandi zitanga umuriro mwinshi mu gihe kirekire, zikwiranye na 350kW+ n'ingufu nyinshi; ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n'umwuka biroroshye kubungabunga kandi bihendutse, bikwiranye na 120kW–240kW.
3. Q: Ese chargers zifite ingufu nyinshi zisaba kwakira umuriro mwinshi?A: Hejuru ya 200kW, ingufu zirenze 6.6kV muri rusange zirakenewe; ububiko (BESS) bushobora kugabanya ingufu zikenewe ako kanya bityo ahantu hamwe na hamwe hagasigara ingufu zirenze amashanyarazi—hakenewe inyigo y’uburyo bwo kwakira.
4. Q: Ngomba gushyigikira CHAdeMO na CCS2?A: Yego, porotokoli ebyiri za CHAdeMO + CCS2 nizo zisabwa nk'ibisanzwe, aho NACS ishobora gukurikizwa bitewe n'aho iherereye; indege za kera z'Ubuyapani ziganjemo CHAdeMO, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga na Tesla bikoresha CCS2/NACS.
5. Q: Ni gute charger z'amakamyo zo mu bwoko bwa 320kW zitandukanye n'izijyanye n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi?A: Gutanga charger z'amakamyo bikenera urubuga rwo hejuru rw'amashanyarazi (800V+), insinga ziremereye cyangwa zikonjeshejwe n'amazi, gucunga insinga ndende, no kurinda ingaruka, kandi akenshi bijyana n'ububiko bwo gucunga imizigo y'ibanze.
6. Q: Ese amakabati yo kubikamo ibintu ashobora kuba mu biparikingi?A: Yego, ariko itegeko rigenga imikorere y’umuriro rigena intera, uburyo bwo gukumira inkongi, n’ibisabwa mu gutanga amakuru ku bice bya bateri ya lithium birakurikizwa; utubati two hanze tugomba kuba twujuje ibipimo bireba uburyo bwo kwirinda inkongi kandi tugafata imitingito.
7. Q: Icyemezo cy'ibikoresho kimara igihe kingana iki?A: PSE + kwemeza ubwoko + isuzuma rya CHAdeMO rijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bikunze gufata amezi 3-6; gufunga icyemezo cy'uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze n'ikopi y'icyemezo n'umutanga serivisi mu gihe cy'ibiganiro by'ubucuruzi.

H2: Ibicuruzwa Bisabwa n'Amasano y'Imbere

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo charger yihuta ya DC mu Buyapani mu buryo butandatu, imirongo y'ibicuruzwa bya MIDA iragaragaza neza: imiterere y'ubucuruzi n'iya tagisi ikoreshaSitasiyo ya DC EV Charger(60kW–240kW ivanze, ifite porogaramu nyinshi, ifite imbunda nyinshi); imiterere y'umuhanda n'ibijyanye n'ibikoresho ikoreshasitasiyo yo gushyushya DC ihagaze hasi(320kW–400kW ikamyo ikoresha ikoranabuhanga, 350kW–480kW ikonjeshwa n'amazi vuba cyane); hamwe n'ibintu bigabanya ibiciro cyangwa bigabanya izamuka ry'ibiciro.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu(Utubati 261kWh no hejuru) cyangwaGare ya BESS yo gushyushya(190kWh/200kW ihujwe, 120kW/141kWh mobile) kugira ngo ikoreshwe vuba. Tanga urupapuro rw'ibisabwa kugira ngo ureke MIDA itange inama ya mbere ya BOM n'iyakira ku bice bine by'ingufu, imbunda, ububiko, n'icyemezo.