Kuenzanisa Kwakarongeka kweOCPP 1.6J vs 2.0.1 yeVashandi Vanochaja Zvekutengeserana

Kuenzanisa Kwakajeka Kwehurongwa hweOCPP 1.6J ne2.0.1 yeVashandi Vekuchaja Vepasi Pose: Kugona Kukura KweNetwork, Kuchengetedzwa Kwepamhepo Kwepamusoro, Kubatanidzwa kweISO 15118, uye Kusimbisa Remangwana reNzvimbo Yekuvaka Yemagetsi Inogarika

Pfupiso yeVatungamiriri

Kuchaja mota dzemagetsi (EV) kuri kuchinja zvikuru. Sezvo kushandiswa kwenyika yose kuri kuwedzera, nzira dzekutaurirana dzinotungamira kudyidzana pakati peElectric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) neCharging Station Management Systems (CSMS) dzave nzvimbo huru yehurongwa hwehunyanzvi hweCommercial Charging Operators (CPOs). Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP), inotsigirwa neOpen Charge Alliance (OCA), yashanduka kubva pakushandisa meseji iri nyore kuita mwero wakasimba, wakachengeteka, uye unokwenenzverwa zvakanyanya.

Gwaro iri rinopa ongororo yakakwana yehunyanzvi hwekuchinja kubva kuOCPP 1.6J kuenda kuOCPP 2.0.1. Tinoongorora misiyano yezvivakwa, kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedza, nzira dzekutarisira michina, uye basa rakakosha rekubatanidzwa kweISO 15118. Kune vatengi nevashandisi, chinyorwa chino chinoshanda senzira chaiyo yekuita sarudzo dzekutenga nekutamisa zvinhu mumusika uri kukura nekukurumidza.

Chitsauko 1: Kushanduka kweMitemo yekuchaja yeEV: Nyaya Yenhoroondo

Mutemo weOpen Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) wakatanga nekuda kwekuda kushanda pamwe chete. Pakutanga kwekuchaja kwemagetsi, vagadziri vemidziyo yemagetsi nevanopa software vaishandisa nzira dzavo, vachigadzira "minda yakakomberedzwa nemadziro" yaidzivisa makwikwi nehunyanzvi. Kuunzwa kweOCPP 1.2 ne1.5 kwakagadzira hwaro, asi OCPP 1.6 ndiyo yakabatanidza indasitiri iyi zvechokwadi.

1.1 Kutonga kweOCPP 1.6J

Yakaburitswa muna 2015, OCPP 1.6 yakaunza JSON pamusoro peWebSockets (1.6J) implementation. Kubvisa uku kubva pakutumira mameseji kwakavakirwa paSOAP kwakaderedza zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa uye kwakarerutsa implementation kune vanogadzira. Yakaunza maficha akadai sekuchaja kwakangwara uye mamwe masisitimu ekuzivisa, zvichiita kuti ive standard yeindasitiri kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi.

1.2 Kutanga kweOCPP 2.0.1

Pasinei nekubudirira kwe1.6J, kukura kweindasitiri kwakaratidza miganhu yayo. Matambudziko ekuchengetedza, kuoma kwekutarisira michina, uye kushaikwa kwerutsigiro rwemuno rwe advanced grid integration (V2G) zvakaita kuti OCPP 2.0 ivandudzwe, uye mushure mezvo, OCPP 2.0.1 yakagadziridzwa (yakaburitswa muna 2020). OCPP 2.0.1 haisi kungovandudzwa chete; igadziridzo yakakwana yakanangana nekutsigira chizvarwa chinotevera chema network ekuchaja ane simba guru, akangwara, uye akachengeteka.

Chitsauko 2: Maitiro Ekukurukurirana Akakosha: JSON, WebSockets, uye Maumbirwo Emafuremu

Kuti unzwisise musiyano uripo pakati pemaprotocol aya, munhu anofanira kutarisa kutaurirana kwakaderera. Maprotocol ese ari maviri anoshandisa JSON pamusoro peWebSockets, asi chimiro uye mabatirwo emameseji aya zvakasiyana zvakanyanya.

2.1 Chimiro cheWebSocket

Mavhezheni ese ari maviri anoshandisa kubatana kweWebSocket kunogara kuripo, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekutaurirana kwakazara. Izvi zvakakosha pakushanda panguva chaiyo, sekumisa kuchaja kubva paapp yefoni kana kugamuchira nyevero dzekukanganisa ipapo ipapo.

2.2 Kupatsanurwa kweFuremu yeMeseji

Mharidzo yeOCPP inowanzo kuve neID yerudzi rwemeseji, ID yemeseji yakasiyana, zita rechiito, uye mutoro wekubhadhara.

Muenzaniso weOCPP 1.6J Furemu (BootNotification)

"json [2, "123456", "BootNotification", { "chargePointVendor": "MidaPower", "chargePointModel": "Terra-X", "chargePointSerialNumber": "SN001", "firmwareVersion": "v1.2.3" }]"

Muenzaniso weOCPP 2.0.1 Furemu (BootNotification)

"json [2, "987654", "BootNotification", { "chikonzero": "PowerUp", "chargingStation": { "vendorName": "MidaPower", "model": "Terra-Z", "serialNumber": "SN-Z-99", "firmwareVersion": "v2.0.0" } }]`Cherechedza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu mu 2.0.1.munda we reason` unobvumira CSMS kunzwisisa kana boot yacho yakakonzerwa nekudzosazve, power-up, kana watch-dog trigger, zvichiita kuti pave nepfungwa dziri nani dzekuongorora.

Chitsauko 3: Kuchinja kweParadigm yeMagadzirirwo: Muenzaniso weChishandiso

Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru muOCPP 2.0.1 ndechekutanga kweMuenzaniso weChishandiso.

3.1 Miganho ye1.6J Configuration Keys

MuOCPP 1.6J, magadzirirwo ehardware aitarisirwa kuburikidza nerondedzero yakati sandara ye "Makiyi Ekugadzirisa" (semuenzaniso,Nguva yekurova kwemoyo, Nguva yekubatana yapera). Sezvo machaja akawedzera kuoma (multi-connector, integrated power modules, complex cooling systems), runyorwa urwu rwakanga rusingachakwanisike kugadziriswa. Pakanga pasina nzira yakajairika yekutsanangura mafambiro enzvimbo yechiteshi.

3.2 Maitiro e2.0.1 Device Model

OCPP 2.0.1 inosuma modhi yehurongwa inosanganisiraZvikamuuyeZvinoshandukaChikamu chinogona kuva "Controller," "Connector," kana "PowerModule." Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine mavariables anomiririra mamiriro acho kana magadzirirwo acho (semuenzaniso,Tembiricha, Voltage, MaxCurrent).

• Chikamu: Chikamu chemuchina wekuchaja.
• Chinoshanduka-shanduka: Hunhu chaihwo hwechikamu ichocho.
• Hunhu: Metadata inotsanangura chinoshanduka (yuniti, dhairekitori, rudzi rwekuwana).

Izvi zvinobvumira kutariswa kwakarongeka. Mushandisi anogona ikozvino kubvunza tembiricha yemodule yemagetsi chaiyo achishandisa nzira yakajairika, pane kuvimba nemakiyi emutengesi chaiwo.

Chitsauko 4: Kuchengetedzwa kweIndaneti: Kubva pa "Kuedza Kwakanakisisa" kuenda kuTLS Inosungirwa

Mumazuva ekutanga ekuchaja mota dzemagetsi, kuchengetedza kwaiwanzo fungwa patsva. OCPP 1.6J yaipa ma profiles ekuchengetedza, asi kushandiswa kwayo kwakanga kusingaenderane pakati pevatengesi.

4.1 Mapurofayiri ekuchengetedza mu1.6J

OCPP 1.6J yakatsanangura ma profiles matatu ekuchengetedza:

1. Hazvina kuchengetedzwa: HTTP/WebSockets isina mavara.
2. Chibvumirano Chekutanga: TLS ine zita rekushandisa/pasiwedhi.
3. Zvakavakirwa paChitupa: TLS ine zvitupa zvepadivi pemutengi.

Dambudziko raive rekuti machaja mazhinji akasara paProfile 1, zvichivasiya vari panjodzi yekurwiswa nevanhu vari pakati nepakati (MITM) uye kudzorwa kusina mvumo.

4.2 Maonero Akaoma e2.0.1

OCPP 2.0.1 inoda kuti kutaurirana kwakachengeteka kuvepo. Inobatanidza zvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvepamusoro:

• Zvigadziriso zveFirmware Zvakachengeteka: Kusaina uye kusimbisa mifananidzo yefirmware.
• Kuchengetedzwa Kwekuchengetedza: Zvinyorwa zvakadzama zvezviitiko zvine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa (semuenzaniso, kuedza kupinda kwakundikana, kupera kwechitupa).
• Kutarisira Zvitupa: Mashoko akajairwa ezvitupa zvakatenderedzwa uye zvakagadziridzwa (CSMS-led kana Station-led).
• TLS 1.2/1.3: Rutsigiro rwezviyero zvemazuva ano zve encryption.

Kune vanofambisa mabhizinesi, izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yekukanganiswa kukuru kwenetwork uye zvinovimbisa kutevedzera mitemo mitsva yekuchengetedza cyber yemidziyo yeIoT.

Chitsauko 5: Kubatanidzwa kweISO 15118: Kubatanidza nePlug & Charge uye V2G

Remangwana rekuchaja kweEV harisi rekufambisa maerekitironi chete; asi rekuchinjana data nesimba zvine hungwaru. ISO 15118 ndiyo mwero wepasi rose wekutaurirana kwemotokari negridi (V2G), uye kubatanidzwa kwayo neOCPP ndicho chinhu chikuru che2.0.1.

5.1 Kuomarara kwePlug & Charge

Plug & Charge (PnC) inobvumira mutyairi kungoisa mota mumota otanga kuchaja pasina kushandisa app kana RFID card. Izvi zvinoda Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) yakaoma inosanganisira mota, charger, operator, uye clearinghouse.

MuOCPP 1.6J, rutsigiro rwePnC rwakanga rusina kuwanikwa muhurongwa hwekutanga. Vatengesi vaifanira kuisa macustomer extensions, zvikaita kuti pave nekupatsanuka. OCPP 2.0.1 inopa "mapombi" ePnC nekutsigira:

• Kuiswa kweChitupa: Kupa zvitupa zvechibvumirano kubva kuCSMS kuenda kuEV kuburikidza neEVSE.
• Mvumo: Kushandisa e-Mobility ID (eMAID) yakabva pachitupa chemotokari.
• Kutaurirana Kwakavanzika: Kuva nechokwadi chekuti data rekubhadhara rinopfuudzwa pakati pemotokari negrid rakachengetedzwa.

5.2 Kuchaja Kwakangwara uye Kuenzanisa Mutoro

Kunyange zvazvo 1.6J ichitsigira kuchaja kwakangwara (kutumira aSetChargingProfile), 2.0.1 inosimudzira izvi. Inobvumira:

• Kubatanidzwa kweSignali yeKunze: Mhinduro chaiyo kune ma grid frequency kana masaini emitengo yakawanda.
• Kutarisira Mutoro Une Simba: Kudzora kwakawanda kupararira kwesimba panzvimbo ine mazana ezvinobatanidza.
• Mota-Kuenda-KuGridhi (V2G): 2.0.1 inosanganisira minda yedata inodiwa kutsigira kufamba kwesimba munzira mbiri, zvichibvumira maEV kushanda sezviwanikwa zvesimba zvakagoverwa (DERs) zvegrid.

5.3 Kuvandudzwa kweUI/UX yemushandisi

OCPP 2.0.1 inotsigira kuratidzwa kwemashoko zvakananga pachidzitiro chechaja kana padashboard yemotokari, zvakaita se:

• Mitengo yemari yemuno panguva chaiyo.
• Nguva inofungidzirwa yekusvika 80% yemamiriro ekunze (SoC).
• Ruzivo rwakadzama rwerisiti kana rwapedzwa.

Chitsauko 6: Kutarisira Kwemidziyo Yepamusoro uye Kutarisa

Kune CPO, mutengo wekuchaja hausi mutengo wekutenga chete; iTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO). Kugadzirisa uye nguva yekuzorora ndizvo zvinouraya purofiti huru. OCPP 2.0.1 inotarisa izvi kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekutarisa.

6.1 Mishumo Inotungamirirwa Nezviitiko

Mu1.6J, CSMS yaiwanzo tarisa mamiriro echaja kana kumirira kuti ione kana paineChiziviso cheStatusMuna 2.0.1,Kutarisa ZviitikoSisitimu inobvumira CSMS kuisa miganho. Semuenzaniso: “Ndizivisei chete kana tembiricha yemukati ikapfuura 70°C” kana kuti “Ndiudzei kana voltage yekupinda yaderera pasi pe200V.” Izvi zvinoderedza traffic yenetiweki uye zvinobvumira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.

6.2 Kubata Kutengeserana: The TransactionEvent

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakatsoropodzwa zvikuru nezveOCPP 1.6J kwaive kubata kwayo kutengeserana. Musangano waisanganisiraTanga KutengeseranauyeMira Kutengeseranamameseji, asi kana network ikakanganiswa, CSMS yaiwanzoomerwa nekubatanidza data rekubhadhara.

OCPP 2.0.1 inotsiva izvi nechinhu chimwe chete, chakasimbaChiitiko cheTransactionmeseji. Iyi meseji inoshandiswa kurondedzera matanho ese ehupenyu hwekutengeserana (Kwakatanga, Kwakagadziridzwa, Kwapera). Inosanganisira imwe nzira yakasiyanaId yekutengeseranaizvozvo zvinoramba zviripo kunyangwe charger ikavhurwazve, zvichiita kuti pasave nedata rekuchaja—uye nekudaro hapana mari—inorasika.

6.3 Kuongororwa Kwakavandudzwa uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko

IyoGetLoguyeKuongororwa kweStatusNotificationMashoko ari mu2.0.1 akarongeka zvakanyanya. MaCPO anogona kukumbira mhando dzemalog (Security, Diagnostic, User) uye kutsanangura nguva. Izvi zvinobvumira mapoka ekutsigira ari kure kugadzirisa matambudziko pasina kutumira nyanzvi kunzvimbo iyi, zvichideredza zvakanyanya OpEx.

Chitsauko 7: Maitiro ekuvandudza Firmware: Kuvimbika uye Kudzoreredza

Kugadziriswa kweFirmware ndiko kunobatsira zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwehardware itsva, asi kugadziridzwa kwacho kukakundikana kunogona kukanganisa charger.

7.1 Maitiro ekuvandudza 1.6J

Mu 1.6J,UpdateFirmwaremurairo wacho waive nyore. Chaja yacho yaizodhawunirodha mufananidzo woedza kuuisa. Pakanga pasina nzira yakajairika yekuvandudza mashandisirwo ezvikamu zvakawanda kana kudzokorora kwakasimbiswa.

7.2 Kuvandudzwa kwe2.0.1 Multi-Step

OCPP 2.0.1 inounza hupenyu hwakaoma hwekuvandudza firmware:

1. Dhawunirodha: Chaja inotora mufananidzo wobva waongorora checksum/siginecha yawo.
2. Kuiswa: Kugadziridzwa kunoshandiswa kune chikamu chechipiri.
3. Kusimbiswa: Sisitimu inoongorora kana firmware itsva yatanga nemazvo.
4. Kushanda: Chikamu chekutanga chinoshandurwa.

Kana paine danho ripi zvaro risingashande, gwaro iri rinotsanangura kuti charger inofanira kudzokera sei kune yaimbova version yakagadzikana uye kuzivisa kodhi chaiyo yekukundikana kuCSMS. Kuvimbika uku hakugoneke kune ma deployments makuru ekutengeserana.

7.3 Kusimbiswa kweSiginecha

Kudzivirira vanhu vane hutsinye kuti vasaise firmware yakakanganisika, 2.0.1 inorayira kushandiswa kwemasaini edhijitari. Iyo charger icharamba kushandisa chero kodhi isina kusainwa nekiyi yakavanzika yemugadziri, zvichiwedzera dziviriro yakakosha kubva kuma hacks emazinga ehardware.

Chitsauko 8: Kuchengetedzwa kweData, Kutevedzera Mutemo, uye GDPR

Sezvo kuchaja mota dzemagetsi kwava chinhu chinodiwa zuva nezuva, huwandu hweruzivo rwemunhu rwunogadzirwa hunoshamisa. Kuchaja kamwe chete kunogona kubatanidza hunhu hwemushandisi, nzvimbo yemotokari yake, maitiro ake ekufamba, uye ruzivo rwake rwemari.

8.1 Ruzivo Runozivikanwa Pachako (PII) muOCPP

Muchirevo cheGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) muEurope pamwe nemitemo yakafanana neCCPA muCalifornia, mapoinzi edata akadai seidTag(RFID) kana kutiEVCCID(Mota Identifier) ​​inoonekwa sePII.

OCPP 2.0.1 inopa kudzora kuri nani kwekusazivikanwa kwedata. Semuenzaniso, iyoCustomDataminda inobvumira vashandisi kuchengetedza metadata vasina kuisa PII mu core protocol logs. Uyezve, ma profiles ekuchengetedza akawedzerwa anovimbisa kuti data iri rakavharidzirwa mukufambisa uye panguva yekuzorora.

8.2 Kodzero Yekukanganwika Uye Kutakurwa Kwedata

Kurongeka kwe2.0.1 Device Model kunoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanopa CSMS kuita zvikumbiro zve "kubvisa data". Mune system ye1.6J, kuwana zvese zviitiko zveID yemushandisi pakati pemakiyi ekugadzirisa akasiyana uye marogi kwaive dambudziko guru. Mu2.0.1, kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pemamiriro edhivhaisi nedata rekutengeserana kunobvumira dhizaini yedhatabhesi yakachena.

8.3 Kutevedzera Mitemo Yekuchengetedza yeIoT

Matunhu mazhinji ari kupasisa mitemo inoda kuti zvishandiso zveIoT zvive nemapassword akasiyana uye nzira dzakachengeteka dzekuvandudza. OCPP 2.0.1's official TLS uye firmware yakasainwa hazvisi zvinhu "zvakanaka kuva nazvo" chete - zvinodiwa pamutemo pakutengesa hardware mumisika yakaita seCalifornia neUK.

Chitsauko 9: Maonero eMutengi: TCO, ROI, uye Kutama Kwemazano

Kune vanochaja mota dzekutengesa, sarudzo yekuchengeta 1.6J kana kutamira ku2.0.1 inyaya yemari.

9.1 Mutengo weKushandisa

• OCPP 1.6J: Yakachipa kushandisa, inotsigirwa zvakanyanya nemidziyo inodhura zvishoma, asi ine mari yakawanda yakavanzwa mukuchengetedza uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza.
• OCPP 2.0.1: Inoda ma processor ane simba uye ndangariro yakawanda muEVSE. Mari yekugadzira CSMS yakakwira nekuda kwekuoma kweprotocol. Zvisinei, inopa OpEx kuchengetedza zvakanyanya kuburikidza nekutarisira kure uye kuvimbika kuri nani.

9.2 Ngano ye "Kuvandudza Zvakatsetseka"

Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti machaja e1.6J anogona kukwidziridzwa kuita 2.0.1 kuburikidza nesoftware. Muchokwadi, izvi hazviwanzoitika. Zvinodiwa zvekurangarira neCPU zve2.0.1 (kunyanya kubata TLS certificates uye JSON parsing yakaoma yeDevice Model) zvinowanzopfuura kugona kwevanodzora vekare ve1.6J.

9.3 Nzira dzeKutama Nemazano

MaCPO anofanira kufunga nezvenzira ye "Hybrid Network":

1. Nzvimbo dzeNhaka: Ramba uchimhanyisa 1.6J yemabhaja eAC ane simba shoma aripo.
2. Nzvimbo Itsva Dzekuchaja Nekukurumidza dzeDC: Mutemo 2.0.1 wekushandiswa kwese kutsva kwesimba guru kutsigira PnC neV2G.
3. Mhinduro dzeVamiririri: Shandisa protocol gateway inogona kushandura mameseji e1.6J kuita fomati inoenderana ne2.0.1 yeCSMS, zvichibvumira dashboard imwe chete yakabatana yekutonga.

Chitsauko 10: Kuratidza Remangwana: OCPP 2.1 uye Nzira Yekuchaja Inozvitonga

Kunyangwe 2.0.1 ichiwana simba rakawanda, Open Charge Alliance yatove kushanda paOCPP 2.1. Iyi vhezheni yeramangwana ichawedzera kusvika kweprotocol iyi.

10.1 Kuchaja Madivi Aviri (V2X)

Kunyange zvazvo 2.0.1 ichitsigira V2G yekutanga, 2.1 ichagadzirisa kutaurirana kweMotokari-Kuenda-Kumba (V2H) uye Mota-Kuenda-Kuchivakwa (V2B), zvichibvumira maEV kufambisa magetsi mudzimba panguva yekudzima magetsi kana kuderedza kudiwa kwakanyanya kwezvivakwa zvemabhizinesi.

10.2 Rutsigiro rwekuchaja pasina waya

Sezvo mota dzinozvishandira dzoga (AVs) dzichibuda, kubatanidza nemaoko kuchapera basa. OCPP 2.1 ichasanganisira mashoko akajairwa ekuchaja (wireless) muchina, kugadzirisa kurongeka kwemagetsi uye kutumira simba pasina kupindira kwevanhu.

10.3 Kubatanidzwa neMaguta Akangwara

Kudzokorora mune ramangwana kungangoona kubatanidzwa kwakadzama nemaitiro ekutarisira traffic uye kufanotaura kwesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa. Vachaja vachakwanisa "kukwidza" simba mumisika yesimba panguva chaiyo, vachishandura ma network ekuchaja kuita maindasitiri makuru emagetsi (VPPs).

Chinyorwa Chehunyanzvi: Kunyatsoongorora Kuenzanisa Meseji

Kuti tipe ruzivo rwakadzama rwehunyanzvi, ikozvino tichaongorora kutevedzana kwemashoko chaiwo uye musiyano wemafuremu pakati pemavhezheni maviri aya.

A.1 Kuyerera Kwemvumo

Muna 1.6J, mvumo yaive mhinduro ye "Yakagamuchirwa" kana "Yakavharirwa".

1.6J Bvumidza Mhinduro:"json [3, "123456", { "idTagInfo": { "status": "Yakagamuchirwa", "expiryDate": "2026-12-31T23:59:59Z" } }]"

Muchikamu 2.0.1, mhinduro yacho inosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sekutiidTokenmhando uye rumwe ruzivo rwekushandisa interface.

2.0.1 Bvumidza Mhinduro:"json [3, "987654", { "idTokenInfo": { "status": "Yakagamuchirwa", "cacheExpiryDateTime": "2026-12-31T23:59:59Z", "personalMessage": { "format": "UTF8", "content": "Tinokugamuchirai zvakare, John! Mari yenyu yasara i$45.00" } } }]"

A.2 Kutarisira Kurova Kwemwoyo Nekubatana

OCPP 2.0.1 inovandudza maratidziro anoita chiteshi ichi kuti "chiri mupenyu." Mu 1.6J, kanaKurova kwemoyoyakundikana, chiteshi chaiwanzoramba chichiedza zvakare. Mu 2.0.1, chiteshi chinogona kushandisaNotifyEventnzira yekuzivisa kuti kubatana kwayo nechikamu chechipiri chemashure chakarasika, ukuwo ichiramba ichirova nechikamu chekutanga.

A.3 Tafura yeMetadata Yakadzama

Mhedziso

Kuchinja kubva kuOCPP 1.6J kuenda ku2.0.1 hakusi kungovandudza software chete; ishanduko huru ye ecosystem yekufambisa magetsi. Kune vanofambisa mabhizinesi, 1.6J inomiririra nguva yakapfuura yakavimbika, nepo 2.0.1 inomiririra remangwana rinogona kukura, rakachengeteka, uye rine hungwaru.

Kusarudza 2.0.1 nhasi inzira yekudyara mari yakawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti hardware yako ienderane nechizvarwa chinotevera chemagetsi emagetsi, ichitevedzera mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza cybersecurity, uye yakagadzirira mikana inobatsira yeV2G uye kubatanidzwa kwegridi yakangwara. Sezvo musika uchibatanidzwa, vanoshanda vane ma protocol stacks akasimba uye anochinjika ndivo vachatungamira.

Chitsauko 11: Kunyura Zvakadzika: Kuongorora Kuyerera Kwemashoko uye Madhayagiramu Ekutevedzana

Muchitsauko chino, tinoongorora nzira dzekudyidzana pakati peEVSE neCSMS kuratidza mutsauko wekushanda uripo pakati pe1.6J ne2.0.1.

11.1 Kutevedzana kweBoot neConfiguration

Kana charger yatanga kubatana nenetwork, inofanira kuzvizivisa uye kuwiriranisa marongero ayo.

Kuyerera kweOCPP 1.6J:

1. Kubatanidza WebSocket: Yakavakwa pamusoro pePort 80 kana 443.
2. BootNotificationChiteshi chinotumira mutengesi, modhi, uye serial.
3. GetConfiguration: CSMS inokumbira makiyi ese kuti atarise mamiriro aripo iye zvino.
4. ChinjaKugadziriswa: CSMS inogadzirisa makiyi chaiwo (semuenzaniso,Nguva yekurova kwemoyo).
5. Chiziviso cheStatus: Mishumo yechiteshi inoti "Inowanikwa."

Kuyerera kweOCPP 2.0.1:

1. Kubata maoko kweTLS kwakachengeteka: Kuchinjana kwemagwaro ekubvumidza.
2. BootNotification: Zvinosanganisirachikonzero(semuenzaniso,SimbaUp).
3. GetBaseReport: Pane kukumbira makiyi ese, CSMS inokumbira "Base Report" iyo inopa huwandu hwakazara hweDevice Model.
4. SetVariables: CSMS inogadzirisa mavariables. Cherechedza kuti 2.0.1 inobvumira atomic updates—kuisa mavariables akawanda mumeseji imwe chete uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti ese anobudirira kana kuti hapana anobudirira.
5. NotifyEvent: Chiteshi chinoshuma mamiriro ekutanga ezvikamu.

11.2 Kukurukurirana kweSmart Charging

Kuchaja kwakangwara ndiko kunonyanya kuoneka pa2.0.1, kunyanya kana uchibata ma profiles akawanda ekuchaja.

Mu1.6J, CSMS inotumira aSetChargingProfileizvo zvinotsanangura huwandu hwema "stack level" uye purogiramu. Kana chiteshi chine ma "connectors" akawanda, mashandisirwo eprofile anowanzo kuve asina kujeka.

Mu 2.0.1, iyoSetChargingProfileyakabatana zvakajeka nekuchajaProfileChinangwa.

• Chiteshi ChekuchajaMaxProfile: Inoganhurira vanhu vanopinda chiteshi chose.
• TXDefaultProfile: Chinongoitika chekutengeserana kutsva.
• TXProfile: Zvakanangana nekutengeserana kuri kuenderera mberi.

Uyezve, 2.0.1 inotsigiraGetChargingStackLevelmeseji, zvichibvumira CSMS kuona kuti ndeapi maprofayiri ari kushanda parizvino uye kuti ari kupihwa sei pekutanga neEVSE's internal scheduler.

11.3 Kubata uye Kudzora Zviri Kure

Mirairo iri kure yakaita seKutengeserana Kwekutanga Kure(1.6J) dzakatsiviwa neKumbiraTangaKutengeserana(2.0.1). Musiyano mukuru uri mupayload. Mu 2.0.1, CSMS inogona kusanganisirakuchajaProfilezvakananga muchikumbiro chekutanga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mota inogona kutanga kuchaja padanho rakakodzera remagetsi ipapo ipapo, pasina kumirira meseji yechipiri, zvichideredza kunonoka uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwegrid.

Chitsauko 12: Schema yeJSON Yemazinga Akaderera uye Kuenzanisa Kwemunda

Kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu nevanobatanidza masisitimu, shanduko dzeschema ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa simba pakutama.

12.1 Mhando Dzakanyorwa (Enums)

OCPP 2.0.1 inowedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwemaEnum akajairwa, zvichideredza kudiwa kwema "Custom" status codes aitambudza mashandisirwo e1.6J.

• Zvikonzero zveZvikonzero: Imbwa inorinda, YakarongwaReset, Reset Remote, Kurasikirwa kweSimba.
• Manhamba eZvinzvimbo: Yakagarwa, Yakachengetedzwa, Hazviwanikwe, Kukanganisa. 2.0.1 inowedzeraInowanikwa, Yakagarwa, Yakachengetedzwa, Hazviwanikwe, Kukanganisaasi nezvikamu zvidiki kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.

12.2 Mhando dzeData uye Zvikamu

OCPP 2.0.1 inoita kuti kushandiswa kwemayuniti akajairwa (SI) kuve pamutemo. Apo 1.6J dzimwe nguva yaisiya decimal precision isina kutsanangurwa, 2.0.1 inoshandisadesimalimhando dzesimba uye kukosha kwesimba, zvichiita kuti kubhadhariswa kuenderane nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yevatengesi.

Chitsauko 13: Nyaya Yekudzidza: Kutama Kwepasi Pose kweCPO kubva pa1.6J kuenda ku2.0.1

Ngatitarisei mamiriro ezvinhu ekufungidzira e "MegaCharge," CPO ine mapoinzi ekuchaja zviuru gumi.

13.1 Chikamu 1: Ongororo

MegaCharge yakaona kuti 40% yemotokari dzavo dze1.6J dzaisatsigira TLS 1.2. Izvi zvaireva kuti machaja iwayo aisakodzera kushandiswa muzvibvumirano zvehurumende zvaizouya.

13.2 Chikamu chechipiri: Kuvandudzwa kweCSMS

Panzvimbo pekuvaka CSMS itsva, MegaCharge yakaisa "OCPP Translation Layer." Layer iyi yaibata 1.6J connections yehardware yekare uye 2.0.1 yehardware itsva, asi yakaratidza API yakabatana kune mobile app yavo uye injini yekubhadhara.

13.3 Chikamu 3: Kutsiva Hardware

Kune nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, MegaCharge yakatsiva machaja e1.6J nemachaja eDC anomhanya anoenderana ne2.0.1. Zvakaguma nekuderera kwe15% muzvikamu zve "Failed to Start", kunyanya nekuda kwesimba rayo guru.Chiitiko cheTransactionkubata mu 2.0.1.

13.4 Ongororo yeROI

Mari yekutanga yaishandiswa yaive $2M. Zvisinei, kudzikira kwekufona kwekugadzirisa (nekuda kwekuongorora kweDevice Model) kwakachengetedza $400k pagore. Pamusoro pezvo, kugona kutora chikamu mumisika yemhinduro yeV2G kwakaunza imwe $200k mumari yegore negore. Nguva yekubhadhara yaive makore angangoita 3.3.

Chitsauko 14: Rondedzero Yekupedzisira Yemutengi yeOCPP 2.0.1 Kutenga

Paunenge uchiongorora hardware kana software itsva, shandisa urongwa uhwu kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvinotevedzwa nemutemo:

14.1 Zvinodiwa zveHardware (EVSE)

• [ ]Rutsigiro rweProfile yeKuchengetedza 3: Inotsigira here manejimendi ezvitupa zvevatengi?
• [ ]Purosesa yeDual-Core: Pane nzvimbo yakakwana here yekunyora TLS encryption uye JSON parsing?
• [ ]Chinhu Chakachengeteka (SE): Ko bhodhi rine mudzi wehardware wekuvimba nekuchengetedza makiyi here?
• [ ]ISO 15118-2/20 Yakagadzirira: Mutongi anogona here kubata kutaurirana kwepamusoro-soro kunodiwa paPnC?
• [ ]Kugona Kuratidza: Ko hardware inotsigira here kuratidza ruzivo rwemutengo/mamiriro kuburikidza neOCPPKutumira Datakana kuti mashoko emuno?

14.2 Zvinodiwa zveSoftware (CSMS)

• [ ]Kuonekwa kweModhi yeMudziyo: Ko dashboard inogona kuratidza maonero ehurongwa hwechaja here?
• [ ]Kubatanidzwa kweChitupa cheVane Chitupa (CA): CSMS inogona here kuburitsa nekutenderedza zvitupa otomatiki?
• [ ]Kuwirirana kwekutengeserana: Sisitimu iyi inobata sei kutengeserana "kwekuturikwa" kubva kumachaja ekare e1.6J?
• [ ]Injini Yekuchaja Yakangwara: Inotsigira here pfungwa yepamusoro ye 2.0.1?
• [ ]Kukwanisa kukura: Mubati weWebSocket anogona here kugadzirisa 50,000+ routine TLS connections panguva imwe chete?

Chitsauko 15: Kugadzirisa Matambudziko Akajairika Ekushandisa OCPP

Kunyangwe paine standard, mashandisirwo anosiyana. Heano "gotchas" akajairika.

15.1 Nguva dzekushanda kweWebSocket

Mafirewall mazhinji enetwork anovhara kubatana kweTCP kusina basa. KanaNguva yekurova kwemoyokana yakwidzwa zvakanyanya, charger inogona kubviswa.

• Mhinduro: Iva nechokwadiNguva yekurova kwemoyoyakaderera pane nguva yekudzima kwefirewall (kazhinji masekondi 60-120).

15.2 Nyaya dzeChitupa

Kukundikana kunowanzoitika mu2.0.1 idambudziko rekuti “Untrusted Certificate”. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana charger isina CSMS's Root CA yakaiswa.

• Mhinduro: ShandisaIsa Chitupameseji panguva yekutumirwa kwekambani kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti cheni yekuvimbana yapera.

15.3 JSON Mutoro Wekutakura

Mamwe mameseji e2.0.1 (akaita seGetBaseReport) inogona kuva yakakura zvikuru. Kana buffer yechaja iri diki zvakanyanya, inodonhedza meseji.

• Mhinduro: TarisaSaizi yeMaxMessageshanduko muDevice Model uye tarisa kuti CSMS inoremekedza muganho uyu.

Chitsauko 16: Nzvimbo dzeMutemo dzeDunhu neMitemo yeProtocol

Kutamira kuOCPP 2.0.1 hakusi kungokonzerwa netekinoroji chete; kuri kuramba kuchiva nyaya yemutemo.

16.1 Sangano reEuropean Union (AFIR)

Mutemo weAlternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) muEU unorayira kuti mitengo ive pachena uye kuti ishande pamwe chete. Kunyange zvazvo usingataure zvakajeka nezveOCPP 2.0.1, chinodiwa che "kugovaniswa kwedata panguva chaiyo" uye "kuchaja nekuchenjera" chinoita kuti 2.0.1 ive yega nzira inoshanda yezvivakwa zvitsva zveveruzhinji.

16.2 North America (NEVI)

MuUnited States, chirongwa cheNational Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) chinoda kuti machaja "ashande pamwe chete." Nyika dzakadai seCalifornia dziri kuenderera mberi, neCalifornia Energy Commission (CEC) ichikurudzira rutsigiro rweISO 15118, sezvatakakurukura, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuburikidza neOCPP 2.0.1.

16.3 China neAsia-Pacific

Kunyange hazvo China iine mitemo yayo (GB/T), vagadziri vanonyanya kutarisisa kutengesa kunze kwenyika vanoisa mari yakawanda muOCPP 2.0.1. Mumisika yakaita seAustralia neSingapore, ma tender ehurumende emakambani ekuchaja eruzhinji ikozvino ari kungotaura chete nezveOCPP 2.0.1 neSecurity Profile 3.

Chitsauko 17: Zvidimbu zveKodhi yeKushandiswa: "Nitty-Gritty"

Kuti tibatsire vanogadzira mapurogiramu, tinopa mienzaniso yeJSON yemabasa akaomarara e2.0.1.

17.1 Kuyerera Kwekutenderera Kwechitupa

Kana chitupa chave pedyo nekupera, CSMS inofanira kutanga kutenderera.

1. CSMS inotumiraChitupa Chakasainwa:"json [2, "CERT-01", "CertificateSainted", { "certificateChain": "------TANGA CHITIFIKETI------\n...\n------PERISA CHITIFIKETI------", "certificateType": "V2G" }]"

2. Chiteshi chinopinduraYakagamuchirwa:"json [3, "CERT-01", { "status": "Yakagamuchirwa" }]"

3. Chiteshi chinotumiraSecurityEventNotification:"json [2, "EVT-99", "SecurityEventNotification", { "type": "CertificateRotated", "timestamp": "2026-08-09T10:00:00Z" }]"

17.2 Kugadzira Grid-Responsive Charging Profile

Fungidzira kuti mushandi wegrid anofanira kuderedza simba remagetsi panetwork yese.

CSMS inotumiraSetChargingProfile:"json [2, "GRID-REQ", "SetChargingProfile", { "evseId": 0, "chargingProfile": { "id": 501, "stackLevel": 1, "chargingProfilePurpose": "ChargingStationMaxProfile", "chargingProfileKind": "Absolute", "chargingSchedule": { "id": 1, "chargingRateUnit": "W", "chargingSchedulePeriod": [ { "startPeriod": 0, "limit": 11000}, { "startPeriod": 3600, "limit": 22000} ] } } }]"

Chitsauko 18: Gwaro Rakazara reOCPP 2.0.1 Mashoko

Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvine chekuita nazvo zvakajeka, tinopa duramazwi rakawedzerwa.

• CSMS (Sisitimu Yekutarisira Nzvimbo Yekuchaja): Chikuva chegore rekumashure chinodzora machaja.
• EVSE (Midziyo Yekupa Mota dzeMagetsi): Nzvimbo yekuchaja chaiyo.
• OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol)Mutauro wavanotaura.
• Mubatanidzwa weOpen Charge (OCA): Sangano rinonyora mutauro.
• ISO 15118: Maitiro ari pakati pemota nechaja.
• PnC (Plug and Charge): Ruzivo rwemushandisi rwakagoneswa neISO 15118 neOCPP 2.0.1.
• V2G (Mota kubva kuGridhi): Kutumira simba kubva mumota kudzokera kugrid.
• V2X (Motokari kuenda kune zvese): Izwi rekuti V2G, V2H, uye V2B.
• TLS (Kuchengetedzwa kweTafura Yekutakura): Kuvharidzira kunochengetedza data.
• PKI (Public Key Infrastructure): Sisitimu yezvitupa zvedhijitari inoshandiswa pakuchengetedza.
• JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): Magadzirirwo emeseji.
• WebSocket: "Kubatana kunoramba kuripo" uko mameseji anofamba nepakati pako.
• Muenzaniso weChishandiso: Nzira yehutungamiriri 2.0.1 inotsanangura hardware.
• Chikamu: Chidimbu chehardware (semuenzaniso, Connector).
• Chinoshanduka-shanduka: Hunhu hwechikamu (semuenzaniso, Chinzvimbo).
• Hunhu: Metadata pamusoro pechinhu chinoshanduka (semuenzaniso, Kukosha, Kuchinja).
• Chiitiko cheTransaction: Mharidzo yakabatana yedata rese rechikamu mu 2.0.1.
• Kurova kwemoyo: Chiratidzo chenguva nenguva chekuti “Ndiri mupenyu”.
• BootNotification: Chiratidzo chekuti “Mhoro, ndiri pano” kana chaja yatanga.
• Kutumira Data: Meseji yekuti "zvibate zvese" yekuwedzera kwemutengesi (shandisa nekungwarira!).

Pfungwa Dzekupedzisira: Kufamba-famba Munguva yeMulti-Protocol

Semutengi kana mushandi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti tiri kupinda muchirongwa chenguva yeprotocol yakawandaKwemakore 3-5 anotevera, 1.6J ne2.0.1 zvichagara pamwe chete. Zvisinei, kuenzana kuri kuchinja nekukurumidza.

Nekusarudza OCPP 2.0.1 nhasi, hausi kungotenga protocol chete; uri kutenga inishuwarenzi. Uri kuve nechokwadi chekuti network yako inogona kuchinjika kumotokari itsva, mitemo mitsva, uye nzira itsva dzekuwana mari. Kuoma kwe2.0.1 mutengo wekufambira mberi—mutengo unobhadhara wega kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwenguva yekushanda, kuderedzwa kwenjodzi, uye ruzivo rwevatengi rwakanaka.

Kuchaja kwekutengeserana hakusisiri indasitiri yakakosha; ndiyo musimboti wehurongwa hwekufambisa hwemangwana. Vaka musimboti iwoyo pahwaro hwakasimba kwazvo: OCPP 2.0.1.

Chitsauko 19: Kugadzira OCPP 2.0.1: Maitiro Akanakisisa eVainjiniya veSoftware

Kuchinja kubva pa 1.6J codebase kuenda ku 2.0.1 hakusi kugadzirisa; asi kunyora patsva. Vagadziri vanofanira kushandisa imwe nzira yekufunga yakasiyana.

19.1 Kugamuchira Kusawirirana

Kunyange hazvo WebSockets iri asynchronous, kuomarara kwe2.0.1 kunoreva kuti chikumbiro chimwe chete (sengeGetBaseReport) zvinogona kutora masekondi akati wandei kuti zvigadziriswe paEVSE ine zviwanikwa zvishoma. Vagadziri veCSMS vanofanirwa kushandisa nguva yakasimba yekupedza uye kuedzazve logic iyo inotsanangura kumhanya kwakasiyana kwekugadzirisa kwevatengesi vehardware vakasiyana.

19.2 Kuongorora kweJSON Kunoshanda

Kuongorora JSON kunogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya neCPU. Kune firmware yeEVSE, vagadziri vemapurogiramu vanofanira kushandisa ma "stream-based parser" pane kuisa "payload" yese muRAM. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuneNotifyEventmameseji, anogona kuva nemazana ezvigadziriso zvinoshanduka-shanduka mufuremu imwe chete.

19.3 Kubata Muchina weHurumende

Muchina wehurumende wekutengeserana mu2.0.1 wakasimba kupfuura mu1.6J. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yekuchinja kweChiitiko cheTransactionSemuenzaniso, haugone kutumiraYaperachiitiko chisina kutanga chatumirwaYakatangachiitiko ichocho chaichoId yekutengeserana.

Chitsauko 20: Kuedza, Kusimbisa, uye Chishandiso Chekuyedza Kutevedzera OCPP (OCTT)

Kushanda pamwe chete ndicho chipikirwa cheOCPP, asi zvinongowanikwa chete kuburikidza nekuyedza kwakasimba.

20.1 Basa reOCA Certification

Sangano reOpen Charge Alliance rinopa chirongwa chekusimbisa. Vatengi vanofanira kutsvaga zita rekuti “OCPP 2.0.1 Certified”. Chitupa ichi chinovimbisa kuti kuiswa kwacho kwapasa bvunzo dzakawanda dzinoshanda dzoga dzinofukidza ma profiles ese anofanirwa kupihwa.

20.2 Kushandisa OCTT

Chishandiso cheOCPP Compliance Test Tool (OCTT) ndicho chiyero chakanaka kwazvo chekuedza. Chinotevedzera CSMS neEVSE.

• Kune Vagadziri veEVSE: Shandisa OCTT kuti uone kuti chiteshi chako chinobata mamiriro ezvinhu e "happy path" uye ma edge cases (senge network drops panguva yekuvandudzwa kwefirmware).
• Kune Vanopa CSMS: Shandisa OCTT kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti backend yako inogona kugamuchira mameseji akasiyana-siyana uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza zve2.0.1.

20.3 Kuedzwa Kwemunda uye Mitambo Yepakati

Kunze kwekunge bvunzo dzinoitwa otomatiki, OCA inoronga "Plugfests" apo vatengesi vanounza hardware yavo nesoftware kuti vaedze pamwe chete mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Apa ndipo panobatwa zvikanganiso zvisinganzwisisike—sekusawirirana kwezvitupa kana misiyano midiki yemafomati eJSON—uye zvinogadziriswa.

Chitsauko 21: Tafura Yekuenzanisa Yakadzama: Zviito Zvinopfuura 60 zveOCPP 2.0.1

Kuti tipe ruzivo rwakakwana, tinoisa muzvikamu meseji huru dze2.0.1 todzienzanisa ne1.6J.

21.1 Kupa uye Kugadzirisa

21.2 Kubata Kutengeserana

21.3 Kuchengetedzwa uye Kutarisira Firmware

21.4 Zvinorehwa neTafura kune Network Yako

Tafura iyi inoratidza chimwe chinhu chisingakanganisike: OCPP 2.0.1 haisi zita rerunako re1.6J. Mhuri itsva dzemeseji — mavariables akanyorwa, zviitiko zvinotungamirwa nezviitiko, uye manejimendi ezvitupa — ndiwo mapombi anodiwa paPlug & Charge, smart charging, uye regulatory reporting. Charger inongotaura 1.6J inogona kugadziriswazve negateway, asi CSMS inongotaura 1.6J haigone kupa security model regulators neautomakers vanoda zvakanyanya. Pakuongorora hardware, "2.0.1-ready" inofanira kureva kuti firmware iri kutumirwa nhasi, kwete yakarongerwa gore rinouya. Uye nekuti OCPP 2.0.1 inoshanda paJSON-over-WebSocket pane SOAP transport ye1.6J, meseji dziri nyore uye dziri nyore kugadzirisa - mukana unoshanda uchanzwa nechikwata chako cheIT kubva pazuva rekutanga.

Chitsauko 22: Mhedziso: Kuita Sarudzo Yekuvandudza

Kune mushandi webhizinesi, nhungamiro inoshanda yakajeka:

• Kushandiswa kutsva kunofanira kushandiswa neOCPP 2.0.1.Modhi yekuchengetedza, kubata zvitupa, uye kubatanidzwa kweISO 15118 ndizvo zvinodiwa kuti pave nemutemo we2026.
• Mauto e1.6J aripo haana kuvharirwa.Magedhi anotungamirwa uye mapuratifomu eCSMS ane dual-protocol anobatsira pakugadzirisa musiyano paunenge uchigadzira 2.0.1-native hardware.
• Edza usati wavimba.Shandisa OCTT, plugfests, uye staged rollouts — kushanda pamwe chete kwakaratidzwa mumunda, kwete kubva padatasheet.
• Kumbira nzira yekutama nekunyora.Mutengesi wako wekuchaja anofanira kuburitsa gwara re firmware kubva pa 1.6J kusvika 2.0.1 rine mazuva, kwete zvipikirwa zvisina kujeka.

Kurudziro Yekuita Chiito: Taura neMIDA Power Nezvehurongwa Hwako hweProtocol

MIDA Power ships OCPP 1.6J and 2.0.1 on every charger, with field-upgradeable firmware and a cloud platform that manages mixed-protocol fleets in a single dashboard. Contact sales@midapower.com for our protocol migration guide, OCTT test reports, and a free compatibility review of your existing network.