Uthelekiso oluCwangcisiweyo lwe-OCPP 1.6J vs 2.0.1 kubaqhubi bokutshaja bezorhwebo

Uthelekiso oluQhelekileyo lweSicwangciso se-OCPP 1.6J xa kuthelekiswa ne-2.0.1 yabaSebenzi bokuTshaja beHlabathi: Ubuchule bokuKhula kweNethiwekhi, uKhuseleko oluPhambili lweCyber, ukuHlanganisa kwe-ISO 15118, kunye noBungqina bexesha elide beZiseko zoPhuhliso lwe-EV oluZinzileyo

ISISHWANKATHELO sebhunga

Indawo yokutshaja kwezithuthi zombane (EV) itshintsha kakhulu. Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi liphela kukhawulezisa, imigaqo yonxibelelwano elawula ukusebenzisana phakathi kweZixhobo zoNikezelo lweeMoto zoMbane (EVSE) kunye neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweZitishi zokuTshaja (CSMS) ziye zaba yindawo ephambili yesicwangciso sobugcisa saBasebenzi bokuTshaja bezoRhwebo (ii-CPO). I-Open Charge Point Protocol (i-OCPP), egcinwe yi-Open Charge Alliance (i-OCA), iguqukele kwisakhelo semiyalezo esilula ukuya kumgangatho ophucukileyo, okhuselekileyo, nowonganyelwayo kakhulu.

Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngohlalutyo olupheleleyo lobuchwephesha lotshintsho oluvela kwi-OCPP 1.6J ukuya kwi-OCPP 2.0.1. Sihlola umahluko woyilo, uphuculo lokhuseleko, iindlela zolawulo lwezixhobo, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo yokuhlanganiswa kwe-ISO 15118. Kubathengi nakubaqhubi, eli nqaku lisebenza njengesalathiso esicacileyo sokwenza izigqibo zokuthenga kunye nokufuduka ezinolwazi kwimarike ekhula ngokukhawuleza.

Isahluko 1: Uphuhliso lweMigangatho yokuTshaja ye-EV: Umxholo weMbali

I-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) yazalwa ngenxa yesidingo sokusebenzisana. Kwimihla yokuqala yokutshaja kwe-EV, abavelisi bezixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nababoneleli besoftware basebenzisa iiprotokholi ezizimeleyo, bedala "iigadi ezibiyelweyo" ezazithintela ukhuphiswano kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Ukwaziswa kwe-OCPP 1.2 kunye ne-1.5 kwabeka isiseko, kodwa yi-OCPP 1.6 eyadibanisa ngokwenene eli shishini.

1.1 Ulawulo lwe-OCPP 1.6J

Ikhutshwe ngo-2015, i-OCPP 1.6 yazisa ukuphunyezwa kwe-JSON phezu kweWebSockets (1.6J). Oku kushenxa kwimiyalezo esekelwe kwi-SOAP kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko kwaye kwalula ukuphunyezwa kwabaphuhlisi. Yazisa iimpawu ezifana nokutshaja okukrelekrele kunye nezaziso ezongezelelweyo zesimo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumgangatho weshishini phantse iminyaka elishumi.

1.2 Imvelaphi ye-OCPP 2.0.1

Nangona i-1.6J iphumelele, ukukhula kweli shishini kuveze imida yalo. Imiba yokhuseleko, ubunzima bolawulo lwezixhobo, kunye nokungabikho kwenkxaso yendalo yokuhlanganiswa kwegridi ephucukileyo (V2G) kukhokelele kuphuhliso lwe-OCPP 2.0, kwaye emva koko, i-OCPP 2.0.1 ephuculiweyo (eyakhutshwa ngo-2020). I-OCPP 2.0.1 ayisiyonto nje yokuhlaziya; luyilo olutsha olujolise ekuxhaseni isizukulwana esilandelayo seenethiwekhi zokutshaja ezinamandla aphezulu, ezikrelekrele, nezikhuselekileyo.

Isahluko 2: IiParadigms zoNxibelelwano eziSisiseko: iJSON, iiWebSockets, kunye neZakhiwo zeSakhelo

Ukuze uqonde umahluko phakathi kwezi protocols, umntu kufuneka ajonge unxibelelwano oluphantsi. Zombini iiprotocols zisebenzisa iJSON kwiWebSockets, kodwa ulwakhiwo kunye nokuphathwa kwezi miyalezo kwahlukile kakhulu.

2.1 Umaleko weWebSocket

Zombini ezi nguqulelo zisebenzisa uqhagamshelo lweWebSocket oluqhubekayo, oluvumela unxibelelwano olupheleleyo lwe-duplex. Oku kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yexesha langempela, njengokumisa iseshoni yokutshaja kwi-app yeselula okanye ukufumana izilumkiso zempazamo ngoko nangoko.

2.2 Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwesakhelo semiyalezo

Umyalezo oqhelekileyo we-OCPP uquka i-ID yohlobo lomyalezo, i-ID yomyalezo eyahlukileyo, igama lesenzo, kunye nomthwalo ohlawulwayo.

Umzekelo wesakhelo se-OCPP 1.6J (i-BootNotification)

“json [2, "123456", "Isaziso seBoot", { "chargePointVendor": "MidaPower", "chargePointModel": "Terra-X", "chargePointSerialNumber": "SN001", "firmwareVersion": "v1.2.3" }]“

Umzekelo wesakhelo se-OCPP 2.0.1 (i-BootNotification)

“json [2, "987654", "Isaziso seBoot", { "isizathu": "PowerUp", "chargingStation": { "vendorName": "MidaPower", "model": "Terra-Z", "serialNumber": "SN-Z-99", "firmwareVersion": "v2.0.0" } }]`Qaphela ukwanda kwe-granularity kwi-2.0.1.intsimi yesizathu ivumela i-CSMS ukuba iqonde ukuba ukuqalisa bekungenxa yokuqalisa kwakhona, ukucima, okanye i-watch-dog trigger, nto leyo evumela ingqiqo engcono yokuxilonga.

Isahluko 3: Utshintsho lweParadigm yoYilo: Imodeli yeSixhobo

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokutshintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kwi-OCPP 2.0.1 kukwaziswa kweImodeli yesixhobo.

3.1 Imida yee-1.6J Configuration Keys

Kwi-OCPP 1.6J, uqwalaselo lwehardware lulawulwa ngoluhlu oluthe tyaba lwe-“Configuration Keys” (umz.,I-HeartbeatInterval, Ixesha loQhagamsheloNjengoko iitshaja zazisiba nzima ngakumbi (izihlanganisi ezininzi, iimodyuli zamandla ezidibeneyo, iinkqubo zokupholisa ezintsonkothileyo), olu luhlu luthe tyaba lwaba yinto engenakulawuleka. Kwakungekho ndlela imiselweyo yokuchaza uluhlu oluhambelanayo lwesitishi.

3.2 Indlela yeModeli yeSixhobo ye-2.0.1

I-OCPP 2.0.1 yazisa imodeli yolandelelwano oluqukaIzinto eziyinxalenyekwayeIinguqu. Inxalenye inokuba yi-“Controller,” “Connector,” okanye “PowerModule.” Inxalenye nganye ineenguqu ezimele imeko okanye uqwalaselo lwayo (umz.,Ubushushu, I-Voltage, I-MaxCurrent).

• Icandelo: Inxalenye ebonakalayo okanye enengqondo yesikhululo sokutshaja.
• Iyaguquguquka: Uphawu oluthile lwaloo nxalenye.
• Iimpawu: I-metadata echaza i-variable (iyunithi, uluhlu, uhlobo lokufikelela).

Oku kuvumela ukujonga okusemgangathweni. Umsebenzisi ngoku unokubuza ubushushu bemodyuli yamandla ethile esebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwizitshixo zomnini-ndawo ezithile zomthengisi.

Isahluko 4: Ukhuseleko lwe-Intanethi: Ukusuka "kwiMizamo Engcono" ukuya kwi-TLS enyanzelekileyo

Kwimihla yokuqala yokutshaja kwe-EV, ukhuseleko lwalusoloko lucingelwa emva koko. I-OCPP 1.6J yayinika iiprofayili zokhuseleko, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakungangqinelani kubathengisi.

4.1 Iiprofayili zoKhuseleko kwi-1.6J

I-OCPP 1.6J ichaze iiprofayili zokhuseleko ezintathu:

1. Ayikhuselekanga: I-HTTP/WebSockets engenanto.
2. Imvume eSisiseko: I-TLS enegama lomsebenzisi/igama eligqithisiweyo.
3. Isekelwe kwisatifikethi: I-TLS enezatifikethi ezikwicala lomthengi.

Ingxaki yayikukuba iitshaja ezininzi zazisele kwiProfayili 1, nto leyo eyayizishiya zisengozini yokuhlaselwa ngabantu abaphakathi (i-MITM) kunye nolawulo olungagunyaziswanga.

4.2 Isimo Esiqinileyo se-2.0.1

I-OCPP 2.0.1 iyalela unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo. Idibanisa iimpawu zokhuseleko eziphambili ngokwendalo:

• Uhlaziyo lweFirmware olukhuselekileyo: Ukutyikitya okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemifanekiso ye-firmware.
• Ukungena kwi-Security Logging: Iilog ezineenkcukacha zeziganeko ezinxulumene nokhuseleko (umz., imizamo yokungena engaphumelelanga, ukuphelelwa kwesatifikethi).
• Ulawulo lweSatifikethi: Imiyalezo eqhelekileyo yezatifikethi ezijikelezisiweyo nezihlaziyiweyo (ezikhokelwa yi-CSMS okanye ezikhokelwa yiSitishi).
• I-TLS 1.2/1.3: Inkxaso yemigangatho yamva nje yokubethela.

Kwabaqhubi bezorhwebo, oku kunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu zenethiwekhi kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko lwe-cyber entsha kwizixhobo ze-IoT.

Isahluko 5: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ISO 15118: Iplagi kunye neTshaja kunye ne-V2G

Ikamva lokutshaja kwe-EV alikho nje malunga nokuhambisa ii-elektroni; limalunga nokutshintshiselana kwedatha namandla ngobuchule. I-ISO 15118 ngumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe wonxibelelwano lwezithuthi ukusuka kwigridi ukuya kwi-grid (V2G), kwaye ukuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-OCPP luphawu oluphambili lwe-2.0.1.

5.1 Ubunzima bePlagi kunye nokuTshaja

I-Plug & Charge (PnC) ivumela umqhubi ukuba afake nje imoto aze aqalise ukutshaja ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-app okanye ikhadi le-RFID. Oku kufuna i-Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) eyinkimbinkimbi equka imoto, itshaja, umqhubi, kunye ne-clearinghouse.

Kwi-OCPP 1.6J, inkxaso ye-PnC yayingekho kwiprotokholi esisiseko. Abathengisi kwafuneka basebenzise ulwandiso olwenziwe ngokwezifiso, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuqhekekeni. I-OCPP 2.0.1 ibonelela "ngemibhobho" ye-PnC ngokuxhasa:

• Ukufakwa kweSatifikethi: Ukudlulisa iZatifikethi zeSivumelwano ukusuka kwi-CSMS ukuya kwi-EV nge-EVSE.
• Ugunyaziso: Ukusebenzisa i-e-Mobility ID (eMAID) efunyenwe kwisatifikethi sesithuthi.
• Unxibelelwano olufihliweyo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha eyimfihlo yokuhlawula edluliswa phakathi kwemoto kunye negridi ikhuselekile.

5.2 Ukutshaja okuKhawulezayo kunye nokuBalancisa iMithwalo

Ngelixa i-1.6J ixhasa ukutshaja okusisiseko okukrelekrele (ukuthumelaIprofayili yokuChaja), 2.0.1 iyayiphakamisa le nto. Ivumela oku:

• Ukuhlanganiswa kweSignali yangaphandle: Impendulo yexesha langempela kwi-grid frequency okanye kwiimpawu zexabiso elithengiswa ngobuninzi.
• Ulawulo loMthwalo oluDynamic: Ulawulo olungakumbi lwe-granular phezu kokusasazwa kwamandla kuyo yonke indawo enamakhulu ezixhumi.
• Isithuthi-ukuya-kwiGridi (V2G): 2.0.1 ibandakanya amasimi edatha afunekayo ukuxhasa ukuhamba kwamandla okubhekisa kwicala elinye, okuvumela ii-EV ukuba zisebenze njengezixhobo zamandla ezisasazwe (ii-DER) kwigridi.

5.3 Uphuculo lwe-UI/UX yomsebenzisi

I-OCPP 2.0.1 ixhasa ukuboniswa kolwazi ngqo kwisikrini setshaja okanye kwideshibhodi yesithuthi, ezifana nezi:

• Amaxabiso exesha langempela ngemali yasekuhlaleni.
• Ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokufikelela kwi-80% yemeko-yokutshaja (i-SoC).
• Ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngerisithi xa igqityiwe.

Isahluko 6: Ulawulo lweZixhobo eziPhambili kunye nokuBeka esweni

Kwi-CPO, ixabiso letshaja ayiloxabiso lokuthenga kuphela; yiTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO). Ukugcinwa kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi zezona zinto zibulala inzuzo enkulu. I-OCPP 2.0.1 ijongana nale ngxaki ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obuphezulu bokubeka esweni.

6.1 Ingxelo Eqhutywa Ziziganeko

Kwi-1.6J, i-CSMS yayidla ngokufuna ukuhlola imeko yetshaja okanye ilinde itshajaIsaziso seSimoKwi-2.0.1, iUkubeka iliso kwiMicimbiInkqubo ivumela i-CSMS ukuba ibeke imida. Umzekelo: “Ndixelele kuphela ukuba ubushushu bangaphakathi budlula i-70°C” okanye “Xela ukuba i-voltage yokufaka yehla ngaphantsi kwe-200V.” Oku kunciphisa ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi kwaye kuvumela ukugcinwa kwangaphambili.

6.2 Ukuphathwa kweNtengiso: I-TransactionEvent

Enye yezona zinto zigxekwe kakhulu kwi-OCPP 1.6J yayikukuphatha kwayo iintengiselwano. Iseshoni ebandakanyekileyoQala iTransactionkwayeYeka ukuThengisaimiyalezo, kodwa ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi, i-CSMS yayisoloko inengxaki yokulungelelanisa idatha yokuhlawulisa.

I-OCPP 2.0.1 ithatha indawo yezi nge-single, eqinileyoIsiganeko seTransactionumyalezo. Lo myalezo usetyenziselwa ukunika ingxelo kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi bentengiselwano (eQalisiweyo, eHlaziyiweyo, ePhelisiweyo). Ubandakanya into eyahlukileyoi-Id yentengiselwanooko kuyaqhubeka nokuba itshaja iqala kwakhona, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho datha yokutshaja—kwaye ngaloo ndlela akukho ngeniso—elahlekileyo.

6.3 Ukuphuculwa kokuxilongwa kunye nokusombulula iingxaki

IGetLogkwayeIsaziso seStatus yeDiagnosticsImiyalezo eku-2.0.1 icwangciswe ngakumbi. Ii-CPO zinokucela iintlobo ezithile zelogi (uKhuseleko, uLwazi, uMsebenzisi) kwaye zichaze ixesha. Oku kuvumela amaqela enkxaso akude ukuba asombulule imiba ngaphandle kokuthumela ingcali kwisiza, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu i-OpEx.

Isahluko 7: Iindlela zoHlaziyo lweFirmware: Ukuthembeka kunye nokuBuyiselwa kweMali

Uhlaziyo lweFirmware lubalulekile kwizixhobo ezitshintshayo, kodwa uhlaziyo olungaphumelelanga lunokutshabalalisa itshaja.

7.1 Inkqubo yoHlaziyo lwe-1.6J

Kwi-1.6J,Uhlaziyo lweFirmwareumyalelo wawulula. Itshaja yayiza kukhuphela umfanekiso ize izame ukuwufaka. Kwakungekho ndlela imiselweyo yokuhlaziya amanqanaba amaninzi okanye ukubuyiselwa kwemifanekiso okuqinisekisiweyo.

7.2 Uhlaziyo lwe-2.0.1 Multi-Step

I-OCPP 2.0.1 yazisa ubomi obuntsonkothileyo bohlaziyo lwe-firmware:

1. Khuphela: Itshaja ithatha umfanekiso ize iqinisekise itshekhi/utyikityo lwayo.
2. Ufakelo: Uhlaziyo lusetyenziswa kwisahlulelo sesibini.
3. Uqinisekiso: Inkqubo ijonga ukuba i-firmware entsha iqala ngokuchanekileyo na.
4. Ukuvuselelwa: Isahlulo sokuqala sitshintshiwe.

Ukuba kukho naliphi na inyathelo elingaphumeleliyo, iprotokholi ichaza indlela itshaja ekufuneka ibuyele ngayo kwinguqulelo yangaphambili ezinzileyo kwaye ixele ikhowudi ethile yokusilela kwi-CSMS. Eli nqanaba lokuthembeka alinakuxoxiswana ngokusasazwa okukhulu kwezorhwebo.

7.3 Ukuqinisekiswa koMsayino

Ukuthintela abenzi bobubi ekulayisheni i-firmware echaphazelekileyo, i-2.0.1 iyalela ukusetyenziswa kweempawu zedijithali. Itshaja iya kwala ukusebenzisa nayiphi na ikhowudi engasayinwanga sisitshixo sabucala somenzi, yongeza umaleko obalulekileyo wokhuseleko kwiingxaki ze-hardware.

Isahluko 8: Ubumfihlo beDatha, ukuThotyelwa kweMigaqo, kunye ne-GDPR

Njengoko ukutshaja nge-EV kuba yinto eluncedo imihla ngemihla, ubungakanani bedatha yobuqu eveliswayo buyamangalisa. Iseshoni enye yokutshaja inokudibanisa ubuwena bomsebenzisi, indawo akuyo isithuthi sakhe, iindlela zokuhamba kwakhe, kunye nolwazi lwakhe lwezemali.

8.1 Ulwazi oluchongiweyo lomntu (PII) kwi-OCPP

Kwimeko yoMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweDatha Jikelele (i-GDPR) eYurophu kunye nemithetho efanayo efana ne-CCPA eCalifornia, amanqaku edatha afana ne-i-idTag(RFID) okanyeI-EVCCID(Isazisi seMoto) sithathwa njenge-PII.

I-OCPP 2.0.1 ibonelela ngolawulo olungcono lokufihla idatha. Umzekelo,Idatha Yesikoamasimi avumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine i-metadata ngaphandle kokuveza i-PII kwiilog zeprotocol eziphambili. Ngaphezu koko, iiprofayili zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo ziqinisekisa ukuba le datha ibethelwe kokubini xa kuthuthwa kwaye xa kuphumle.

8.2 Ilungelo lokulibaleka kunye nokuthwalwa kwedatha

Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo iModeli yeSixhobo se-2.0.1 yenza kube lula kubaboneleli be-CSMS ukuphumeza izicelo "zokucima idatha". Kwinkqubo ye-1.6J, ukufumana zonke iimeko ze-ID yomsebenzisi kwiisitshixo zoqwalaselo ezahlukeneyo kunye neelogs kwakuyinto enzima kakhulu. Kwi-2.0.1, ukwahlukana okucacileyo phakathi kwemeko yesixhobo kunye nedatha yentengiselwano kuvumela uyilo lwedatha olucocekileyo.

8.3 Ukuthobela iMithetho yoKhuseleko lwe-IoT

Iindawo ezininzi ngoku zipasisa imithetho efuna ukuba izixhobo ze-IoT zibe namagama ayimfihlo awodwa kunye neendlela zokuhlaziya ezikhuselekileyo. I-TLS eyimfuneko ye-OCPP 2.0.1 kunye ne-firmware esayiniweyo ayizompawu "ezintle ukuba nazo" nje kuphela—ziimfuneko zomthetho zokuthengisa izixhobo kwiimarike ezifana neCalifornia ne-UK.

Isahluko 9: Imbono yoMthengi: I-TCO, i-ROI, kunye nokuFuduka okuCwangcisiweyo

Kumqhubi we-commercial charging, isigqibo sokuhlala kwi-1.6J okanye ukutshintshela kwi-2.0.1 sisigqibo semali.

9.1 Iindleko Zokusebenzisa

• I-OCPP 1.6J: Ixabiso liphantsi ukuyisebenzisa, ixhaswa kakhulu zizixhobo zekhompyutha ezingabizi kakhulu, kodwa ineendleko eziphezulu ezifihlakeleyo kwiingozi zokugcinwa kunye nokhuseleko.
• I-OCPP 2.0.1: Ifuna iiprosesa ezinamandla ngakumbi kunye nememori engaphezulu kwi-EVSE. Iindleko zophuhliso lwe-CSMS ziphezulu ngenxa yobunzima beprotocol. Nangona kunjalo, inika ukonga okukhulu kwe-OpEx ngolawulo olukude kunye nokuthembeka okungcono.

9.2 Intsomi ethi “Uphuculo Oluthambileyo”

Kudla ngokuthiwa iitshaja ze-1.6J zinokuphuculwa zibe yi-2.0.1 ngesoftware. Enyanisweni, oku akwenzeki kube yinyani. Iimfuneko zememori kunye neCPU ze-2.0.1 (ingakumbi ukuphatha izatifikethi ze-TLS kunye nohlalutyo oluntsonkothileyo lwe-JSON kwiModeli yeSixhobo) zihlala zigqitha amandla abalawuli abadala be-1.6J.

9.3 Iindlela zokuFuduka eziCwangcisiweyo

Ii-CPO kufuneka ziqwalasele indlela "ye-Hybrid Network":

1. Iindawo Zelifa: Qhubeka usebenzisa i-1.6J kwiitshaja ze-AC ezinamandla aphantsi ezikhoyo.
2. Iindawo Ezintsha Zokutshaja Okukhawulezayo zeDC: Umyalelo 2.0.1 wazo zonke izixhobo ezintsha ezinamandla aphezulu zokuxhasa i-PnC kunye ne-V2G.
3. Izisombululo zeProxySebenzisa isango leprotocol elinokuguqula imiyalezo ye-1.6J ibe yifomathi ehambelana ne-2.0.1 ye-CSMS, okuvumela ideshibhodi yolawulo enye edibeneyo.

Isahluko 10: Ubungqina bexesha elizayo: i-OCPP 2.1 kunye nendlela eya ekutshajeni okuzimeleyo

Nangona i-2.0.1 ifumana amandla, i-Open Charge Alliance sele isebenza kwi-OCPP 2.1. Olu hlobo lwexesha elizayo luya kwandisa ukufikelela kweprotocol.

10.1 Ukutshaja kweBidirectional (V2X)

Nangona i-2.0.1 ixhasa i-V2G esisiseko, i-2.1 iza kuphucula unxibelelwano lwe-Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) kunye ne-Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), ivumela ii-EV ukuba zinike amandla emakhaya ngexesha lokucima kombane okanye ukunciphisa imfuno ephezulu yezakhiwo zorhwebo.

10.2 Inkxaso yokutshaja ngaphandle kwentambo

Njengoko kuvela izithuthi ezizisebenzela zodwa (ii-AV), ukufakelwa ngesandla kuya kuphelelwa lixesha. I-OCPP 2.1 iya kubandakanya imiyalezo eqhelekileyo yokutshaja ngokungenisa (okungenazingcingo), ukulawula ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu.

10.3 Ukudibana neSmart Cities

Uhlaziyo lwexesha elizayo luza kubona ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu neenkqubo zolawulo lwezithuthi kunye noqikelelo lwamandla avuselelekayo. Abatshaja baya kukwazi "ukubhida" umbane kwiimarike zamandla zexesha langempela, beguqula iinethiwekhi zokutshaja zibe zizityalo ezinkulu zamandla ezibonakalayo (ii-VPP).

Isihlomelo soBugcisa: Ukuzikisa nzulu kuthelekiso lwemiyalezo

Ukuze sibone ubunzulu bobuchwephesha obupheleleyo, ngoku siza kuhlalutya ulandelelwano oluthile lwemiyalezo kunye nomahluko wesakhelo phakathi kwezi nguqulelo zimbini.

A.1 Ukuhamba kweGunyaziso

Kwi-1.6J, ukugunyaziswa kwakuyimpendulo "eyamkelweyo" okanye "eVinjiweyo".

1.6J Imvume Impendulo:“json [3, "123456", { "idTagInfo": { "status": "Yamkelwe", "expiryDate": "2026-12-31T23:59:59Z" } }]“

Kwi-2.0.1, impendulo ibandakanya umxholo ongaphezulu, njengoi-idTokenuhlobo kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo lojongano lomsebenzisi.

2.0.1 Imvume Impendulo:“json [3, "987654", { "idTokenInfo": { "status": "Yamkelwe", "cacheExpiryDateTime": "2026-12-31T23:59:59Z", "personalMessage": { "format": "UTF8", "content": "Wamkelekile kwakhona, John! Ibhalansi yakho yi-$45.00" } } }]“

A.2 Ulawulo lokubetha kwentliziyo kunye noQhagamshelwano

I-OCPP 2.0.1 iphucula indlela isikhululo esiqinisekisa ngayo ukuba "siyaphila." Kwi-1.6J, ukubaUkubetha kwentliziyoukuba asiphumelelanga, isikhululo besihlala sizama kwakhona. Kwi-2.0.1, isikhululo singasebenzisaI-NotifyEventindlela yokuxela ukuba unxibelelwano lwayo ne-backend yesibini lulahlekile, ngelixa lusaqhubeka nokubetha kwentliziyo nge-primary.

A.3 Itheyibhile yeMetadata eneenkcukacha

Isiphelo

Utshintsho oluvela kwi-OCPP 1.6J ukuya kwi-2.0.1 aluyonto nje yohlaziyo lwesoftware; luyinguquko esisiseko kwinkqubo yokuhamba kombane. Kwabaqhubi bezorhwebo, i-1.6J imele ixesha elidlulileyo elithembekileyo, ngelixa i-2.0.1 imele ikamva elinokulinganiswa, elikhuselekileyo, nelikrelekrele.

Ukukhetha i-2.0.1 namhlanje kukutyala imali kwixesha elide. Kuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zakho ziya kuhambelana nesizukulwana esilandelayo see-EV, zithobela imithetho eqinileyo yokhuseleko lwe-cyber, kwaye zilungele amathuba anenzuzo e-V2G kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwegridi ekrelekrele. Njengoko imakethi ihlangana, abaqhubi abaneenkqubo zeprotocol eziqinileyo neziguquguqukayo ngabona bakhokelayo.

Isahluko 11: Ukuntywila nzulu: Uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwemiyalezo kunye nemizobo yokulandelelana

Kule sahluko, sihlalutya ulandelelwano lokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-EVSE kunye ne-CSMS ukubonisa umahluko wokusebenza phakathi kwe-1.6J kunye ne-2.0.1.

11.1 Ulandelelwano lwe-Boot kunye noCwangciso

Xa itshaja iqhagamshela kwinethiwekhi okokuqala, kufuneka izichaze kwaye ivumelanise uqwalaselo lwayo.

Ukuhamba kwe-OCPP 1.6J:

1. Uqhagamshelo lweWebSocket: Yasekwa ngaphezulu kwePort 80 okanye 443.
2. Isaziso seBootIsitishi sithumela umthengisi, imodeli, kunye nothotho.
3. GetConfiguration: I-CSMS icela zonke izitshixo ukujonga imeko yangoku.
4. Utshintsho loCwangcisoi-CSMS ihlaziya izitshixo ezithile (umz.,I-HeartbeatInterval).
5. Isaziso seSimo: Iingxelo zesitishi "Ziyafumaneka."

Ukuhamba kwe-OCPP 2.0.1:

1. Ukuxhawulana nge-TLS ekhuselekileyo: Utshintshiselwano lwesatifikethi oluyimfuneko.
2. Isaziso seBoot: Ibandakanyaisizathu(umz.,Amandla phezulu).
3. Fumana iBaseReportEndaweni yokucela zonke izitshixo, i-CSMS icela "iNgxelo yeSiseko" ebonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweModeli yeSixhobo.
4. IiSetVariables: Iinguqu ezihlaziyayo ze-CSMS. Qaphela ukuba i-2.0.1 ivumela uhlaziyo lwe-atomic—ukuseta iinguqu ezininzi kumyalezo omnye kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke ziyaphumelela okanye akukho nanye ephumelelayo.
5. I-NotifyEvent: Isikhululo sibika iimeko zokuqala zecandelo.

11.2 Ingxoxo yokutshaja ngobuchule

Ukutshaja ngobuchule kulapho i-2.0.1 ikhanya khona ngokwenene, ingakumbi xa uphatha iiprofayili ezininzi zokutshaja.

Kwi-1.6J, i-CSMS ithumela i-Iprofayili yokuChajanto leyo echaza inqanaba le-stack kunye neshedyuli. Ukuba isikhululo sinezihlanganisi ezininzi, ukuphathwa kweprofayili kudla ngokungacacanga.

Kwi-2.0.1, iIprofayili yokuChajainxulumene ngokucacileyo neukutshajaInjongo yeProfayili.

• Iprofayili yokutshaja yeStationMax: Inciphisa inani labantu abangeniswa kwisitishi sonke.
• Iprofayile ye-TXDefault: Okungagqibekanga kuyo nayiphi na intengiselwano entsha.
• Iprofayile yeTX: Ingqamene nentengiselwano eqhubekayo.

Ngaphezu koko, i-2.0.1 ixhasaGetChargingStackLevelumyalezo, ovumela i-CSMS ukuba ibone ukuba zeziphi iiprofayili ezisebenzayo ngoku kunye nendlela ezibekwa phambili ngayo ngumcwangcisi wangaphakathi we-EVSE.

11.3 Ukuqalisa nokulawula kude

Imiyalelo ekude efanaUkuQalisa okukude(1.6J) zithatyathelwe indawo yiCela iTransaction(2.0.1). Umahluko ophambili ukwimithwalo yomthwalo. Kwi-2.0.1, i-CSMS ingabandakanyaiProfayili yokutshajangqo kwisicelo sokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba imoto inokuqalisa ukutshaja kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lamandla ngoko nangoko, ngaphandle kokulinda umyalezo wesibini, nto leyo enciphisa ukubambezeleka kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwegridi.

Isahluko 12: I-JSON Schema kunye nothelekiso lweSithili esiPhantsi

Kwabaphuhlisi kunye nabahlanganisi beenkqubo, utshintsho lweskimu lolona candelo lunzima kakhulu lokufuduka.

12.1 Iintlobo Ezibaliweyo (ii-Enum)

I-OCPP 2.0.1 yandisa kakhulu inani lee-Enum ezisemgangathweni, inciphisa imfuneko yeekhowudi zesimo "seSiko" ezazichaphazela ukuphunyezwa kwe-1.6J.

• Ii-Enum zezizathu: Umlindi, Ukuseta kwakhona okucwangcisiweyo, Ukuseta kwakhona okukude, Ukulahleka kwamandla.
• Ii-Enum zeSimo: Uhlalwe, Igciniwe, Ayifumaneki, Impazamo. 2.0.1 yongezaIyafumaneka, Uhlalwe, Igciniwe, Ayifumaneki, Impazamokodwa ngee-sub-status ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

12.2 Iintlobo zeDatha kunye neeYunithi

I-OCPP 2.0.1 imisela ukusetyenziswa kweeyunithi ezisemgangathweni (SI). Apho i-1.6J ngamanye amaxesha ishiya ukuchaneka kwedesimali kungachazwanga, i-2.0.1 isebenzisaidesimaliiintlobo zamaxabiso amandla kunye namandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlawuliswa rhoqo kwiihadi ezahlukeneyo zomthengisi.

Isahluko 13: Isifundo seTyala: Ukufuduka kwe-CPO yeHlabathi ukusuka kwi-1.6J ukuya kwi-2.0.1

Makhe sijonge imeko ecingelwayo ye-“MegaCharge,” i-CPO enamanqaku okutshaja ayi-10,000.

13.1 Isigaba 1: Uphicotho-zincwadi

I-MegaCharge ifumanise ukuba ama-40% eenqwelo zabo ze-1.6J aziyixhasi i-TLS 1.2. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezo tshaja azifanelekanga kwiikhontrakthi zikarhulumente ezizayo.

13.2 Isigaba sesi-2: Uphuculo lwe-CSMS

Endaweni yokwakha i-CSMS entsha, iMegaCharge isebenzise “i-OCPP Translation Layer.” Le layer yayiphatha uqhagamshelo lwe-1.6J kwi-hardware endala kunye ne-2.0.1 kwi-hardware entsha, kodwa yatyhila i-API edibeneyo kwi-app yabo yeselula kunye ne-billing engine.

13.3 Isigaba 3: Ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo

Kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, iMegaCharge itshintshe iitshaja ze-1.6J ngeetshaja ze-DC ezikhawulezayo ezihambelana ne-2.0.1. Isiphumo sibe kukuncipha kwe-15% kwiiseshoni ze-“Failed to Start”, ngokuyintloko ngenxa yokuqina ngakumbi.Isiganeko seTransactionukuphatha kwi-2.0.1.

13.4 Uhlalutyo lwe-ROI

Utyalo-mali lokuqala lwaluyi-$2M. Nangona kunjalo, ukuncitshiswa kweefowuni zokulungisa (ngenxa yokuxilonga kweModeli yeSixhobo) konge i-$400k ngonyaka. Ukongeza, ukukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiimarike zempendulo yefrikhwensi yeV2G kuvelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ye-$200k yonyaka. Ixesha lokubuyisela imali lalimalunga neminyaka eyi-3.3.

Isahluko 14: Uluhlu Lokugqibela Lokutshekisha Lomthengi kwi-OCPP 2.0.1 Ukuthengwa

Xa uvavanya i-hardware okanye isoftware entsha, sebenzisa olu luhlu lokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa ngokuchanekileyo:

14.1 Iimfuneko zeHardware (EVSE)

• [ ]Inkxaso yeProfayili yoKhuseleko 3: Ngaba iyaluxhasa ulawulo lwesatifikethi kwicala lomthengi?
• [ ]Iprosesa eneMixholo emibiniNgaba kukho indawo eyaneleyo yokubethela i-TLS kunye nokuhlaziya i-JSON?
• [ ]Isixhobo Esikhuselekileyo (SE): Ngaba ibhodi inesiseko sehardware sokuthembana sokugcina izitshixo?
• [ ]I-ISO 15118-2/20 IlungileNgaba umlawuli angaluphatha unxibelelwano oluphezulu olufunekayo kwi-PnC?
• [ ]Ubungakanani boBoniso: Ngaba izixhobo zekhompyutha ziyaxhasa ukubonisa ulwazi ngexabiso/ubume nge-OCPPUdluliselo lweDathaokanye imiyalezo yemveli?

14.2 Iimfuneko zeSoftware (CSMS)

• [ ]Ukuboniswa kweModeli yeSixhobo: Ngaba ideshibhodi ingabonisa umbono ohambelana nolawulo lwetshaja?
• [ ]Ukuhlanganiswa kweGunya leSatifikethi (CA): Ngaba i-CSMS ingazikhupha ize ijikelezise izatifikethi ngokuzenzekelayo?
• [ ]Uxolelwaniso lweNtengiselwano: Inkqubo ijongana njani neentengiselwano "zokuxhoma" ezivela kwiitshaja ze-1.6J ezindala?
• [ ]Injini yokutshaja ekrelekrele: Ngaba iyayixhasa ingqiqo yenqanaba eliphezulu le-stack ye-2.0.1?
• [ ]UkukhulaNgaba umphathi weWebSocket angalawula uqhagamshelo lwe-TLS oluhlala luhleli olungaphezu kwama-50,000 ngaxeshanye?

Isahluko 15: Ukusombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuphunyezwa kwe-OCPP

Nokuba kukho umgangatho, ukuphunyezwa kuyahluka. Nazi "ii-gotchas" eziqhelekileyo.

15.1 Ixesha lokuphelelwa yiWebSocket

Ii-firewall ezininzi zenethiwekhi zivala uqhagamshelo lwe-TCP olungasebenziyo.I-HeartbeatIntervalxa ibekwe phezulu kakhulu, itshaja isenokungacinywa.

• Isisombululo: QinisekisaI-HeartbeatIntervaliphantsi kunexesha lokuphelelwa yi-firewall (ngesiqhelo imizuzwana engama-60-120).

15.2 Imiba yoLuhlu lweSatifikethi

Ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kwi-2.0.1 yimpazamo ethi “Untrusted Certificate”. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa itshaja ingenayo iRoot CA yeCSMS efakiweyo.

• Isisombululo: SebenzisaISatifikethi sokuFakaumyalezo ngexesha lokuqalisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkco letrasti ligqityiwe.

Ubungakanani boMthwalo weJSON we-15.3

Imiyalezo emalunga ne-2.0.1 (efanaFumana iBaseReport) ingaba nkulu kakhulu. Ukuba i-buffer yetshaja incinci kakhulu, iya kulahla umyalezo.

• Isisombululo: JongaUbungakanani beMaxMessageiyaguquguquka kwiModeli yeSixhobo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-CSMS iyawuhlonipha lo mda.

Isahluko 16: IiNdawo zoLawulo lweMimandla kunye neMiyalelo yeProtocol

Ukufudukela kwi-OCPP 2.0.1 akuqhutywa nje bubuchwepheshe; kodwa kuqhubeka nokuba ngumcimbi womthetho.

16.1 IManyano yaseYurophu (i-AFIR)

UMthetho weZiseko zoPhuhliso lweZinto eziNgezinye (i-AFIR) kwi-EU uyalela ukuba amaxabiso abe sobala kwaye asebenzisane. Nangona ungakhankanyi ngokucacileyo i-OCPP 2.0.1, imfuneko "yokwabelana ngedatha ngexesha langempela" kunye "nokutshaja ngobuchule" yenza i-2.0.1 ibe yeyona migangatho ifanelekileyo yeziseko zophuhliso zikarhulumente ezintsha.

16.2 eMntla Melika (NEVI)

E-United States, inkqubo yefomula yeNational Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) ifuna ukuba iitshaja "zisebenzisane." Amazwe afana neCalifornia aya phambili, kunye neCalifornia Energy Commission (CEC) enyanzelisa inkxaso ye-ISO 15118, njengoko sixoxile, ingcono kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe nge-OCPP 2.0.1.

16.3 ITshayina kunye neAsia-Pacific

Nangona iTshayina inemigangatho yayo (i-GB/T), abavelisi abagxile ekuthumeleni ngaphandle batyale imali eninzi kwi-OCPP 2.0.1. Kwiimarike ezifana ne-Australia ne-Singapore, iithenda zikarhulumente zothungelwano lokutshaja uluntu ngoku zichaza phantse kuphela i-OCPP 2.0.1 eneProfayili yoKhuseleko 3.

Isahluko 17: Iziqwenga zeKhowudi yoPhumezo: "I-Nitty-Gritty"

Ukunceda abaphuhlisi, sinikezela ngemibono yeJSON ecacileyo kwimisebenzi enzima ye-2.0.1.

17.1 Ukuhamba koMjikelezo weSatifikethi

Xa isatifikethi sisondela ekuphelelweni, i-CSMS kufuneka iqalise ukujikeleza.

1. I-CSMS ithumelaIsatifikethi Sisayiniwe:“json [2, "CERT-01", "CertificateSigned", { "certificateChain": "------QALISA ISATIFIKETI------\n...\n------ISIPHELO SESATIFIKETI------", "CertificateType": "V2G" }]“

2. Isitishi siyaphendulaYamkelwe:“json [3, "CERT-01", { "status": "Yamkelwe" }]“

3. Isitishi sithumelaIsaziso seSecurityEvent:“json [2, "EVT-99", "SecurityEventNotification", { "type": "CertificateRotated", "timestamp": "2026-08-09T10:00:00Z" }]“

17.2 Ukuseta iProfayili yokutshaja ephendula kwiGridi

Khawucinge ukuba umqhubi wegridi kufuneka anciphise amandla kwinethiwekhi.

I-CSMS ithumelaIprofayili yokuChaja:“json [2, "GRID-REQ", "SetChargingProfile", { "evseId": 0, "chargingProfile": { "id": 501, "stackLevel": 1, "chargingProfilePurpose": "ChargingStationMaxProfile", "chargingProfileKind": "Absolute", "chargingSchedule": { "id": 1, "chargingRateUnit": "W", "chargingSchedulePeriod": [ { "startPeriod": 0, "limit": 11000}, { "startPeriod": 3600, "limit": 22000} ] } } }]“

Isahluko 18: Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweeNkcazelo ze-OCPP 2.0.1

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abachaphazelekayo bayacaca, sinikezela ngesichazi-magama esandisiweyo.

• I-CSMS (Inkqubo yoLawulo lweSitishi sokuTshaja): Iqonga lelifu lasemva elilawula iitshaja.
• I-EVSE (Izixhobo zokubonelela ngezithuthi zombane): Isikhululo sokutshaja ngokwasemzimbeni.
• I-OCPP (iProtokholi yePosi yokuTshaja eVulekileyo): Ulwimi abaluthethayo.
• I-OCA (i-Open Charge Alliance): Umbutho obhala ulwimi.
• I-ISO 15118: Iprotokholi phakathi kwemoto kunye netshaja.
• I-PnC (Iplagi kunye nokuTshaja): Amava omsebenzisi anikwe amandla yi-ISO 15118 kunye ne-OCPP 2.0.1.
• I-V2G (Isithuthi ukusuka kwiGridi): Ukuthumela umbane emotweni ubuyela kwigridi.
• I-V2X (Isithuthi ukuya kuyo yonke into): Igama eliquka i-V2G, i-V2H, kunye ne-V2B.
• I-TLS (Ukhuseleko lweLayire yoThutho): Ukubethela okugcina idatha ikhuselekile.
• I-PKI (Iziseko zoPhuhliso oluPhambili zoLuntu): Inkqubo yezatifikethi zedijithali ezisetyenziselwa ukhuseleko.
• I-JSON (Isaziso sezinto zeJavaScript): Uhlobo lwemiyalezo.
• I-WebSocket: Unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo "luyipayipi" imiyalezo ehamba ngalo.
• Imodeli yesixhobo: Indlela yokulawula i-2.0.1 ichaza i-hardware ngendlela ehambelana nolawulo.
• Icandelo: Isiqwenga sehardware (umz., Isixhumi).
• Iyaguquguquka: Ipropati yecandelo (umz., Isimo).
• Uphawu: I-Metadata malunga noguquguquko (umz., Ixabiso, Ukuguquguquka).
• Isiganeko seTransaction: Umyalezo odibeneyo wedatha yonke yeseshoni kwi-2.0.1.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo: Isalathisi esithi “Ndiyaphila” esiphindaphindwayo.
• Isaziso seBoot: Umqondiso othi “Molo, ndilapha” xa kuqalisa itshaja.
• Udluliselo lweDatha: Umyalezo othi “bamba konke” wolwandiso olujoliswe kumthengisi (sebenzisa ngononophelo!).

Iingcamango Zokugqibela: Ukuhamba Ngexesha Leenkqubo Ezininzi

Njengomthengi okanye umqhubi, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba singena kwiixesha leenkqubo ezininziKwiminyaka emi-3-5 ezayo, i-1.6J kunye ne-2.0.1 ziya kuhlala kunye. Nangona kunjalo, ibhalansi itshintsha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokukhetha i-OCPP 2.0.1 namhlanje, awuthengi nje kuphela iprotokholi; uthenga i-inshurensi. Uqinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi yakho inokuziqhelanisa neemoto ezintsha, imithetho emitsha, kunye nemithombo emitsha yengeniso. Ubunzima be-2.0.1 lixabiso lenkqubela phambili—ixabiso elizihlawulela ngokwalo ngokuphucula ixesha lokusebenza, ukunciphisa umngcipheko, kunye namava aphezulu kubathengi.

Ukutshaja kwezorhwebo akuselulo ishishini elikhethekileyo; luyintsika yenkqubo yezothutho yexesha elizayo. Yakha loo ntsika kwisiseko esomeleleyo kangangoko: OCPP 2.0.1.

Isahluko 19: Uphuhliso lwe-OCPP 2.0.1: Iindlela ezilungileyo zoNjineli beSoftware

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-codebase ye-1.6J ukuya kwi-2.0.1 akuyonto yokutshintsha; kukubhala ngokutsha. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka basebenzise imodeli yengqondo eyahlukileyo.

19.1 Ukwamkela ukungangqinelani

Ngelixa iiWebSockets zingafani ngokwemvelo, ubunzima be-2.0.1 buthetha ukuba isicelo esinye (njengeFumana iBaseReport) kungathatha imizuzwana embalwa ukucubungula kwi-EVSE enemida yezixhobo. Abaphuhlisi be-CSMS kufuneka basebenzise i-timeout eqinileyo kwaye bazame kwakhona i-logic echaza isantya sokucubungula esahlukeneyo sabathengisi behardware abahlukeneyo.

19.2 Uhlalutyo olusebenzayo lweJSON

Ukuhlaziya i-JSON kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwi-CPU. Kwi-firmware ye-EVSE, abaphuhlisi kufuneka basebenzise ii-parsers ezisekelwe kwi-stream endaweni yokulayisha umthwalo wonke kwi-RAM. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiI-NotifyEventimiyalezo, enokuba namakhulu ohlaziyo oluguquguqukayo kwisakhelo esinye.

19.3 Ukuphatha umatshini karhulumente

Umatshini welizwe wentengiselwano kwi-2.0.1 uqinile ngakumbi kunakwi-1.6J. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka balandele ngokungqongqo imithetho yotshintsho lweIsiganeko seTransactionUmzekelo, awunakuthumelaIphelileumcimbi ngaphandle kokuba uqale uthumeleIqalileumsitho othile kuloo ntoi-Id yentengiselwano.

Isahluko 20: Uvavanyo, Ukuqinisekiswa, kunye neSixhobo soVavanyo lokuThotyelwa kwe-OCPP (OCTT)

Ukusebenzisana sisithembiso se-OCPP, kodwa kufezekiswa kuphela ngovavanyo oluqatha.

20.1 Indima yeSatifikethi se-OCA

I-Open Charge Alliance inikezela ngenkqubo yokuqinisekisa. Abathengi kufuneka bajonge ilebhile ethi “OCPP 2.0.1 Certified”. Esi siqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba ukuphunyezwa kuphumelele uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo olugubungela zonke iiprofayili eziyimfuneko.

20.2 Ukusebenzisa i-OCTT

Isixhobo soVavanyo lokuThotyelwa kweMithetho se-OCPP (OCTT) sisixhobo esibalaseleyo sovavanyo. Silinganisa zombini i-CSMS kunye ne-EVSE.

• Kwabavelisi be-EVSESebenzisa i-OCTT ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhululo sakho siphatha iimeko "zendlela evuyayo" kunye neemeko zomphetho (ezifana nokuwa kwenethiwekhi ngexesha lohlaziyo lwe-firmware).
• Kwababoneleli beCSMSSebenzisa i-OCTT ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-backend yakho iyakwazi ukusingatha uluhlu olubanzi lwemiyalezo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko ezingqongqo ze-2.0.1.

20.3 Uvavanyo lwasentsimini kunye neeFesti ze-Interop

Ngaphaya kovavanyo oluzenzekelayo, i-OCA iququzelela "iiPlugfests" apho abathengisi bezisa izixhobo zabo kunye nesoftware ukuze bavavanye omnye komnye kwiimeko zokwenyani. Kulapho ke iingxaki ezincinci—ezifana nokungahambelani kwesatifikethi okanye umahluko omncinci wokufomatha i-JSON—zibanjwa kwaye zisonjululwe.

Isahluko 21: Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa enzulu: Izenzo ezingaphezu kwama-60 ze-OCPP 2.0.1

Ukuze sinike isalathiso esipheleleyo, sihlela imiyalezo ephambili ye-2.0.1 size siyithelekise nemiyalezo yayo ye-1.6J.

21.1 Ulungiselelo kunye noCwangciso

21.2 Ukuphathwa kweNtengiselwano

21.3 Ulawulo loKhuseleko kunye neFirmware

21.4 Oko Kuthethwa YiTheyibhile KwiNethiwekhi Yakho

Le theyibhile icacisa into enye: I-OCPP 2.0.1 ayilogama elitsha le-1.6J elinobuhle. Iintsapho zemiyalezo emitsha — iinguqu ezichwetheziweyo, iintengiselwano eziqhutywa ziziganeko, kunye nolawulo lwesatifikethi — ziindlela zokufaka izinto ezifunekayo kwi-Plug & Charge, ukutshaja okukrelekrele, kunye nengxelo yokulawula. Itshaja ethetha i-1.6J kuphela inokufakelwa kwakhona ngesango, kodwa i-CSMS ethetha i-1.6J kuphela ayinakuzisa abalawuli bemodeli yokhuseleko kunye nabenzi beemoto abayifunayo ngakumbi. Xa kuvavanywa i-hardware, "i-2.0.1-ready" kufuneka ithethe ukuba i-firmware iyathunyelwa namhlanje, ayicwangciselwanga unyaka ozayo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-OCPP 2.0.1 isebenza kwi-JSON-over-WebSocket endaweni yokuthutha i-SOAP ye-1.6J, ukuhamba kwemiyalezo kulula kakhulu kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuyilungisa — inzuzo esebenzayo eya kuviwa liqela lakho le-IT ukususela ngomhla wokuqala.

Isahluko 22: Isiphelo: Ukwenza Isigqibo Sokuphucula

Kumqhubi wezorhwebo, ulwalathiso olusebenzayo lucacile:

• Ukusasazwa okutsha kufanele kulandele i-OCPP 2.0.1.Imodeli yokhuseleko, ukuphathwa kwesatifikethi, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-ISO 15118 zizinto ezifunekayo ukuze kubekho imeko-bume yolawulo ka-2026.
• Iinqanawa ze-1.6J ezikhoyo azikho ngxakini.Iingcango ezilawulwayo kunye namaqonga e-CSMS aneprotocol ezimbini avala umsantsa ngelixa ufaka i-hardware yasekhaya ye-2.0.1.
• Vavanya ngaphambi kokuba uthembele.Sebenzisa i-OCTT, ii-plugfest, kunye nokuqaliswa kweenkqubo — ukusebenzisana kungqinwe kwicandelo, akucingelwanga kwiphepha ledatha.
• Funa indlela yokufuduka ebhaliweyo.Umthengisi wakho wetshaja kufuneka apapashe imephu yendlela yefirmware ukusuka kwi-1.6J ukuya kwi-2.0.1 enemihla, kungekhona izithembiso ezingacacanga.

Ubizo Lokwenza Okuthile: Thetha ne-MIDA Power Malunga neSicwangciso Sakho seProtocol

MIDA Power ships OCPP 1.6J and 2.0.1 on every charger, with field-upgradeable firmware and a cloud platform that manages mixed-protocol fleets in a single dashboard. Contact sales@midapower.com for our protocol migration guide, OCTT test reports, and a free compatibility review of your existing network.