Kwatanta Dabaru na OCPP 1.6J idan aka kwatanta da 2.0.1 ga Masu Cajin Kasuwanci

Kwatanta Dabaru Mai Inganci na OCPP 1.6J idan aka kwatanta da 2.0.1 ga Masu Gudanar da Cajin Kasuwanci na Duniya: Kwarewa wajen Daidaita Tsarin Sadarwa, Tsaron Yanar Gizo Mai Ci Gaba, Haɗakar ISO 15118, da Tabbatar da Kayayyakin more rayuwa na Dogon Lokaci don Ci gaban EV mai Dorewa.

Takaitaccen Bayani na Babban Jami'i

Yanayin caji na abin hawa na lantarki (EV) yana fuskantar sauyi a girgizar ƙasa. Yayin da karɓar kayan aiki a duniya ke ƙaruwa, ƙa'idodin sadarwa na asali waɗanda ke jagorantar hulɗar da ke tsakanin Kayan Aikin Samar da Motoci na Lantarki (EVSE) da Tsarin Gudanar da Tashar Caji (CSMS) sun zama tushen dabarun fasaha ga Masu Gudanar da Caji na Kasuwanci (CPOs). Yarjejeniyar Buɗe Caji (OCPP), wadda Open Charge Alliance (OCA) ke kula da ita, ta samo asali daga tsarin saƙo mai sauƙi zuwa tsari mai inganci, aminci, kuma mai saurin girma.

Wannan jagorar tana ba da cikakken nazarin fasaha game da sauyawa daga OCPP 1.6J zuwa OCPP 2.0.1. Muna bincika bambance-bambancen gine-gine, haɓaka tsaro, dabarun sarrafa na'urori, da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da haɗin gwiwar ISO 15118 ke takawa. Ga masu siye da masu aiki, wannan labarin yana aiki a matsayin maƙasudin tabbatar da yanke shawara kan siye da ƙaura a cikin kasuwa mai saurin girma.

Babi na 1: Juyin Halittar Ka'idojin Cajin Mota na EV: Ma'anar Tarihi

An kafa Yarjejeniyar Buɗe Wutar Lantarki (OCPP) ne saboda buƙatar haɗin kai. A farkon zamanin caji na EV, masana'antun kayan aiki da masu samar da software sun yi amfani da ka'idoji na mallakar kamfani, suna ƙirƙirar "lambunan da aka yi wa katanga" waɗanda suka hana gasa da kirkire-kirkire. Gabatar da OCPP 1.2 da 1.5 sun kafa harsashi, amma OCPP 1.6 ne ya haɗa kan masana'antar da gaske.

1.1 Mamayar OCPP 1.6J

An fitar da shi a shekarar 2015, OCPP 1.6 ya gabatar da aiwatar da JSON akan WebSockets (1.6J). Wannan ƙaura daga saƙon da aka yi amfani da shi ta SOAP ya rage yawan kuɗi sosai kuma ya sauƙaƙa aiwatarwa ga masu haɓakawa. Ya gabatar da fasaloli kamar caji mai wayo da ƙarin sanarwar matsayi, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama matsayin masana'antu na kusan shekaru goma.

1.2 Farawar OCPP 2.0.1

Duk da nasarar 1.6J, ci gaban masana'antar ya fallasa iyakokinta. Matsalolin tsaro, sarkakiyar sarrafa na'urori, da rashin goyon bayan asali don haɗakar grid (V2G) sun haifar da haɓaka OCPP 2.0, sannan kuma, ingantaccen OCPP 2.0.1 (wanda aka fitar a 2020). OCPP 2.0.1 ba kawai sabuntawa bane; sake fasalin gabaɗaya ne da nufin tallafawa ƙarni na gaba na hanyoyin sadarwa na caji masu ƙarfi, wayo, da aminci.

Babi na 2: Tsarin Sadarwa Mai Ƙarfi: JSON, WebSockets, da Tsarin Firam

Domin fahimtar bambanci tsakanin waɗannan ka'idoji, dole ne mutum ya duba sadarwa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. Dukansu ka'idoji suna amfani da JSON akan WebSockets, amma tsari da yadda ake sarrafa waɗannan saƙonni sun bambanta sosai.

2.1 Tsarin Yanar Gizo

Dukansu nau'ikan suna amfani da haɗin WebSocket mai ɗorewa, wanda ke ba da damar sadarwa mai cikakken duplex. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga ayyukan da ake yi a ainihin lokaci, kamar dakatar da zaman caji daga manhajar wayar hannu ko karɓar faɗakarwar kurakurai nan take.

2.2 Rarraba Tsarin Saƙonni

Saƙon OCPP na yau da kullun ya ƙunshi nau'in ID na saƙo, ID na saƙon musamman, sunan aikin, da kuma nauyin da aka biya.

Misalin Tsarin OCPP 1.6J (BootNotification)

"json [2, "123456", "BootNotification", { "chargePointVendor": "MidaPower", "chargePointModel": "Terra-X", "chargePointSerialNumber": "SN001", "firmwareVersion": "v1.2.3" }]"

Misalin Tsarin OCPP 2.0.1 (BootNotification)

"json [2, "987654", "BootNotification", { "dalili": "PowerUp", "ChargeStation": { "mai sayarwaSuna": "MidaPower", "model": "Terra-Z", "serialNumber": "SN-Z-99", "firmwareVersion": "v2.0.0" } }]`Lura da ƙaruwar girman a cikin 2.0.1.filin dalili yana bawa CSMS damar fahimtar ko taya ta kasance saboda sake kunnawa, kunnawa, ko kunna kare, wanda ke ba da damar ingantaccen dabaru na ganewar asali.

Babi na 3: Canjin Tsarin Gine-gine: Tsarin Na'ura

Mafi mahimmancin ficewa ta fasaha a cikin OCPP 2.0.1 shine gabatar daSamfurin Na'ura.

3.1 Iyakokin Maɓallan Saita 1.6J

A cikin OCPP 1.6J, an sarrafa tsarin hardware ta hanyar jerin "Maɓallan Saita" (misali,bugun zuciyaTazara, Lokacin Haɗi ya ƙare). Yayin da caja ke ƙara zama mai rikitarwa (haɗi mai yawa, na'urorin wutar lantarki masu haɗaka, tsarin sanyaya mai rikitarwa), wannan jerin abubuwa marasa tsari ya zama ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba. Babu wata hanyar da aka daidaita don bayyana tsarin zahiri na tashar.

3.2 Tsarin Samfurin Na'urar 2.0.1

OCPP 2.0.1 ya gabatar da tsarin tsari wanda ya ƙunshiSassankumaMasu Canji. Wani sashi na iya zama "Mai Kulawa," "Mai Haɗawa," ko "PowerModule." Kowane sashi yana da masu canji waɗanda ke wakiltar yanayinsa ko tsarinsa (misali,Zafin jiki, Wutar lantarki, Matsakaicin Kuɗi).

• Bangaren: Wani ɓangare na zahiri ko na hankali na tashar caji.
• Mai canzawa: Takamaiman siffa ta wannan bangaren.
• Halaye: Bayanan metadata da ke bayyana canjin (naúrar, zango, nau'in shiga).

Wannan yana ba da damar sa ido kan daidaito. Yanzu mai aiki zai iya bincika zafin jiki na wani takamaiman na'urar wutar lantarki ta amfani da hanyar da aka daidaita, maimakon dogaro da maɓallan mallakar takamaiman mai siyarwa.

Babi na 4: Tsaron Yanar Gizo: Daga "Ƙoƙari Mafi Kyau" zuwa TLS Mai Dole

A farkon zamanin cajin EV, tsaro sau da yawa ana yin tunani a kai. OCPP 1.6J ya bayar da bayanan tsaro, amma aiwatarwa bai saba wa juna ba a tsakanin masu siyarwa.

4.1 Bayanan Tsaro a cikin 1.6J

OCPP 1.6J ya bayyana bayanan tsaro guda uku:

1. Ba a tsare ba: Rubutun da ba a bayyana ba na HTTP/WebSockets.
2. Asali Izini: TLS tare da sunan mai amfani/kalmar sirri.
3. bisa ga takardar shaida: TLS tare da takaddun shaida na gefen abokin ciniki.

Matsalar ita ce yawancin na'urorin caji suna ci gaba da kasancewa a kan Profile 1, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama masu fuskantar hare-haren mutum-in-the-middle (MITM) da kuma ikon sarrafawa ba tare da izini ba.

4.2 Matsayin Taurare na 2.0.1

OCPP 2.0.1 yana buƙatar sadarwa mai tsaro. Yana haɗa fasalolin tsaro na asali:

• Sabunta Firmware Mai Tsaro: Sa hannu da kuma tabbatar da hotunan firmware dole ne.
• Rijistar Tsaro: Cikakken rajista don abubuwan da suka shafi tsaro (misali, yunƙurin shiga da ya gaza, ƙarewar takardar shaida).
• Gudanar da Takaddun Shaida: Saƙonni masu daidaito don takaddun shaida da aka juya da kuma waɗanda aka sabunta (wanda CSMS ke jagoranta ko kuma wanda Tashar ke jagoranta).
• TLS 1.2/1.3: Taimako ga sabbin ƙa'idodin ɓoyewa.

Ga masu gudanar da kasuwanci, wannan yana rage haɗarin manyan matsaloli na hanyar sadarwa kuma yana tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodin tsaro na intanet masu tasowa ga na'urorin IoT.

Babi na 5: Haɗin ISO 15118: Filogi & Caji da V2G

Makomar caji ta EV ba wai kawai game da motsi na electrons ba ne; yana game da musayar bayanai da makamashi mai wayo ne. ISO 15118 ita ce ƙa'idar ƙasa da ƙasa don sadarwa tsakanin abin hawa zuwa grid (V2G), kuma haɗinsa da OCPP shine babban fasalin 2.0.1.

5.1 Rikicewar Filogi da Caji

Plug & Charge (PnC) yana bawa direba damar saka abin hawa kawai ya fara caji ba tare da amfani da app ko katin RFID ba. Wannan yana buƙatar tsarin hadadden tsarin Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) wanda ya shafi abin hawa, caja, mai aiki, da kuma wurin share fage.

A cikin OCPP 1.6J, tallafin PnC bai wanzu ba a cikin yarjejeniyar tushe. Masu siyarwa dole ne su aiwatar da tsawaitawa na musamman, wanda ya haifar da rarrabuwa. OCPP 2.0.1 yana samar da "aikin famfo" don PnC ta hanyar tallafawa:

• Shigar da Takaddun Shaida: Bayar da Takaddun Kwantiragi daga CSMS zuwa EV ta hanyar EVSE.
• Izini: Amfani da e-Mobility ID (eMAID) da aka samo daga takardar shaidar abin hawa.
• Sadarwa Mai Rufewa: Tabbatar da cewa bayanan lissafin kuɗi masu mahimmanci da suka ratsa tsakanin motar da grid ɗin an kare su.

5.2 Cajin Wayo da Daidaita Load

Duk da cewa 1.6J ta goyi bayan caji mai wayo na asali (aika daBayanin SaitaCharging), 2.0.1 yana ɗaukaka wannan. Yana ba da damar:

• Haɗin Siginar WajeAmsawa ta ainihin lokaci ga mitar grid ko siginar farashin jimilla.
• Gudanar da Load Mai Sauƙi: Ƙarin iko mai zurfi akan rarraba wutar lantarki a duk faɗin wurin da ke da ɗaruruwan masu haɗawa.
• Mota-zuwa-Grid (V2G): 2.0.1 ya haɗa da filayen bayanai da ake buƙata don tallafawa kwararar kuzarin hanya biyu, yana ba da damar EVs su yi aiki a matsayin albarkatun makamashi da aka rarraba (DERs) don grid.

5.3 Inganta UI/UX na Mai Amfani

OCPP 2.0.1 yana goyan bayan nuna bayanai kai tsaye akan allon caja ko allon motar, kamar:

• Farashin farashi na ainihin lokaci a cikin kuɗin gida.
• Lokacin da aka kiyasta don isa kashi 80% na yanayin caji (SoC).
• Cikakken bayani game da karɓar kuɗi bayan an kammala.

Babi na 6: Ingantaccen Gudanar da Na'urori da Kulawa

Ga CPO, farashin caja ba wai kawai farashin siye bane; Jimlar Kudin Mallaka (TCO). Kulawa da lokacin hutu sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da riba. OCPP 2.0.1 yana magance wannan ta hanyar ingantattun damar sa ido.

6.1 Rahoton da ya shafi abubuwan da suka faru

A cikin 1.6J, CSMS yawanci dole ne ya yi wa caja alama don ganin matsayinsa ko ya jiraSanarwa a MatsayinA cikin 2.0.1,Kula da Tarotsarin yana bawa CSMS damar saita iyaka. Misali: "Kawai sanar da ni idan zafin ciki ya wuce 70°C" ko "Rahoto idan ƙarfin shigarwar ya faɗi ƙasa da 200V." Wannan yana rage zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa kuma yana ba da damar yin gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci.

6.2 Gudanar da Ma'amala: Taron Ma'amala

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi suka game da OCPP 1.6J shine yadda yake tafiyar da ma'amaloli. Zaman da ya shafiFara CinikikumaTsaya a Cinikinsaƙonni, amma idan katsewar hanyar sadarwa ta faru, CSMS sau da yawa tana fama da daidaita bayanan lissafin kuɗi.

OCPP 2.0.1 ya maye gurbin waɗannan da guda ɗaya mai ƙarfiMa'amalaTaronsako. Ana amfani da wannan saƙon don bayar da rahoton duk matakan zagayowar rayuwa na ma'amala (An fara, An sabunta, An ƙare). Ya haɗa da wani abu na musammanma'amalaIdhakan na ci gaba ko da kuwa caja ta sake farawa, yana tabbatar da cewa babu wani bayanai na caji - don haka babu kuɗin shiga - da aka rasa.

6.3 Ingantaccen Bincike da Gyaran Matsaloli

TheGetLogkumaSanarwa kan Yanayin Bincikesaƙonnin da ke cikin 2.0.1 sun fi tsari. CPOs na iya buƙatar takamaiman nau'ikan rajista (Tsaro, Bincike, Mai Amfani) da kuma ƙayyade tsawon lokacin. Wannan yana bawa ƙungiyoyin tallafi na nesa damar warware matsaloli ba tare da aika ƙwararren masani zuwa shafin ba, wanda hakan ke rage yawan OpEx.

Babi na 7: Tsarin Sabunta Firmware: Aminci da Gyarawa

Sabuntawar firmware sune tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban kayan aiki, amma sabuntawar da ta gaza na iya lalata caja.

7.1 Tsarin Sabuntawa na 1.6J

A cikin 1.6J, an sami ci gaba a cikinSabunta FirmwareUmarnin ya kasance mai sauƙi. Caja zai sauke hoton ya yi ƙoƙarin shigar da shi. Babu wata hanyar da aka daidaita don sabuntawa na matakai da yawa ko sake kunnawa da aka tabbatar.

7.2 Sabunta Matakai Da Dama na 2.0.1

OCPP 2.0.1 yana gabatar da tsarin rayuwa mafi inganci don sabunta firmware:

1. Zazzagewa: Caja tana ɗaukar hoton kuma tana tabbatar da jimlar kuɗin/sa hannu.
2. Shigarwa: Ana amfani da sabuntawar a kan wani bangare na biyu.
3. Tabbatarwa: Tsarin yana duba ko sabon firmware ɗin ya yi daidai.
4. Kunnawa: An canza babban ɓangaren.

Idan wani mataki ya gaza, yarjejeniyar ta bayyana yadda ya kamata caja ta koma ga sigar da ta gabata mai karko kuma ta ba da rahoton takamaiman lambar gazawar ga CSMS. Wannan matakin aminci ba za a iya yin sulhu da shi ba ga manyan ayyukan kasuwanci.

7.3 Tabbatar da Sa hannu

Domin hana masu aikata laifukan da suka shafi manhajar firmware da aka lalata, 2.0.1 ya ba da umarnin amfani da sa hannun dijital. Caja zai ƙi aiwatar da duk wani lambar da ba ta sanya hannu a kan makullin sirri na masana'anta ba, wanda hakan zai ƙara wani muhimmin matakin kariya daga kutse a matakin hardware.

Babi na 8: Sirrin Bayanai, Bin Dokoki, da GDPR

Yayin da cajin EV ya zama abin amfani na yau da kullun, adadin bayanan sirri da ake samarwa yana da ban mamaki. Zaman caji guda ɗaya zai iya danganta asalin mai amfani, wurin da motarsa ​​take, yanayin tafiyarsa, da bayanan kuɗinsa.

8.1 Bayanan da Za a Iya Ganewa da Kai (PII) a cikin OCPP

Dangane da Dokar Kare Bayanai ta Janar (GDPR) a Turai da kuma irin waɗannan dokoki kamar CCPA a California, wuraren tattara bayanai kamar suIDTag(RFID) ko kumaEVCCID(Mai Gane Mota) ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin PII.

OCPP 2.0.1 yana ba da mafi kyawun iko don ɓoye bayanan sirri. Misali,Bayanan Musammanfilayen suna bawa masu aiki damar adana bayanai ba tare da fallasa PII ga manyan bayanan yarjejeniya ba. Bugu da ƙari, ingantattun bayanan tsaro suna tabbatar da cewa an ɓoye wannan bayanan a lokacin wucewa da kuma lokacin hutu.

8.2 'Yancin Mantawa da Ɗauka Bayananka

Tsarin Tsarin Na'urar 2.0.1 yana sauƙaƙa wa masu samar da CSMS aiwatar da buƙatun "share bayanai". A cikin tsarin 1.6J, nemo duk misalan ID na mai amfani a cikin maɓallan tsari da rajista daban-daban ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro. A cikin 2.0.1, rarrabewa tsakanin yanayin na'ura da bayanan ma'amala yana ba da damar ingantaccen tsarin bayanai.

8.3 Bin Dokokin Tsaron IoT

Yankuna da yawa yanzu suna zartar da dokoki waɗanda ke buƙatar na'urorin IoT su sami kalmomin shiga na musamman da hanyoyin sabuntawa masu aminci. TLS na tilas na OCPP 2.0.1 da firmware da aka sanya hannu ba wai kawai fasaloli ne na "kyawawan abubuwa" ba - su ne ƙa'idodi na doka don sayar da kayan aiki a kasuwanni kamar California da Burtaniya.

Babi na 9: Ra'ayin Mai Saye: TCO, ROI, da Hijira ta Dabaru

Ga mai gudanar da caji na kasuwanci, shawarar tsayawa da 1.6J ko komawa zuwa 2.0.1 ta kuɗi ce.

9.1 Kudin Aiwatarwa

• OCPP 1.6J: Mai rahusa don aiwatarwa, wanda kayan aiki masu araha ke tallafawa sosai, amma yana ɗauke da manyan kuɗaɗen da aka ɓoye a cikin haɗarin gyara da tsaro.
• OCPP 2.0.1: Yana buƙatar ƙarin na'urori masu sarrafawa masu ƙarfi da ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin EVSE. Kuɗin haɓakawa don CSMS sun fi yawa saboda rikitarwar tsarin. Duk da haka, yana ba da tanadi mai yawa na OpEx ta hanyar sarrafa nesa da ingantaccen aminci.

9.2 Tatsuniyar "Haɓakawa Mai Santsi"

Sau da yawa ana cewa ana iya haɓaka na'urorin caji na 1.6J zuwa 2.0.1 ta hanyar software. A zahiri, wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba. Bukatun ƙwaƙwalwa da CPU na 2.0.1 (musamman sarrafa takaddun shaida na TLS da kuma nazarin JSON mai rikitarwa na Tsarin Na'urar) galibi sun wuce ƙarfin tsoffin masu sarrafawa na 1.6J.

9.3 Hanyoyin Hijira Masu Dabaru

Ya kamata CPOs su yi la'akari da hanyar "Haɗaɗɗiyar hanyar sadarwa":

1. Shafukan Gado na Gado: Ci gaba da gudanar da 1.6J ga na'urorin caji masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki na AC.
2. Sabbin Shafukan Cajin Sauri na DC: Umarni 2.0.1 ga duk sabbin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi don tallafawa PnC da V2G.
3. Maganin Wakili: Yi amfani da hanyar shiga yarjejeniya wadda za ta iya fassara saƙonni 1.6J zuwa tsari mai jituwa da 2.0.1 don CSMS, wanda ke ba da damar dashboard ɗin gudanarwa guda ɗaya mai haɗin kai.

Babi na 10: Tabbatar da Makomar: OCPP 2.1 da Hanyar zuwa Cajin Kai Tsaye

Duk da cewa 2.0.1 ta samu karɓuwa, ƙungiyar Open Charge Alliance ta riga ta fara aiki akan OCPP 2.1. Wannan sigar ta gaba za ta ƙara faɗaɗa isa ga yarjejeniyar.

10.1 Cajin Hanya Biyu (V2X)

Duk da cewa 2.0.1 yana goyan bayan V2G na asali, 2.1 zai inganta sadarwa don Motoci-zuwa-Gida (V2H) da Motoci-zuwa-Gina (V2B), wanda ke ba wa motocin EV damar samar da wutar lantarki ga gidaje yayin da ake rufe gidaje ko kuma rage yawan buƙatun gine-ginen kasuwanci.

10.2 Tallafi don Cajin Mara waya

Yayin da motoci masu cin gashin kansu (AVs) suka bayyana, toshewar hannu zai zama ba zai yi aiki ba. OCPP 2.1 zai haɗa da saƙonnin da aka daidaita don caji mai inductive (mara waya), sarrafa daidaitawa da canja wurin makamashi ba tare da sa hannun ɗan adam ba.

10.3 Haɗawa da Birane Masu Wayo

Za a iya ganin ƙarin haɗin kai tsakanin tsarin kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da hasashen makamashi mai sabuntawa. Caja za su iya "yin tayin" don samun wutar lantarki a kasuwannin makamashi na ainihin lokaci, ta hanyar mayar da hanyoyin sadarwa na caji zuwa manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na kama-da-wane (VPPs).

Ƙarin Bayani na Fasaha: Zurfafawa cikin Kwatanta Saƙonni

Domin samar da cikakken zurfin fasaha, yanzu za mu yi nazarin takamaiman jerin saƙonni da bambance-bambancen firam tsakanin sigar biyu.

A.1 Gudun Izini

A cikin 1.6J, izini ya kasance martanin "An Karɓa" ko "An Toshe".

1.6J Ba da iziniAmsar:"json [3, "123456", { "idTagInfo": { "status": "An karɓa", "Karshen Ranar": "2026-12-31T23:59:59Z" } }]"

A cikin 2.0.1, amsar ta ƙunshi ƙarin mahallin, kamaridTokennau'in da ƙarin bayani don hanyar haɗin mai amfani.

2.0.1 Ba da iziniAmsa:"json [3, "987654", { "idTokenInfo": { "status": "An karɓa", "cacheExpiryDateTime": "2026-12-31T23:59:59Z", "personalMessage": { "format": "UTF8", "content": "Barka da dawowa, John! Jimlar kuɗin ku shine $45.00" } }]"

A.2 Bugawar Zuciya da Gudanar da Haɗi

OCPP 2.0.1 yana inganta yadda tashar ke tabbatar da cewa tana "rayuwa." A cikin 1.6J, idanBugawar Zuciyaya gaza, tashar sau da yawa za ta ci gaba da sake gwadawa. A cikin 2.0.1, tashar za ta iya amfani da itaSanarwaEventhanyar bayar da rahoton cewa an rasa haɗinsa da wani ɓangare na biyu, yayin da har yanzu yana riƙe da bugun zuciya tare da babban ɓangaren.

A.3 Cikakken Teburin Bayanan Bayanai

Kammalawa

Sauyawar daga OCPP 1.6J zuwa 2.0.1 ba kawai sabunta software bane; babban ci gaba ne na yanayin motsi na lantarki. Ga masu gudanar da kasuwanci, 1.6J yana wakiltar abin da ya gabata mai aminci, yayin da 2.0.1 ke wakiltar makomar da za a iya faɗaɗawa, amintacce, kuma mai hankali.

Zaɓar 2.0.1 a yau jari ne na tsawon rai. Yana tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin ku za su dace da ƙarni na gaba na EVs, suna bin ƙa'idodin tsaro na yanar gizo, kuma a shirye suke don samun damar amfani da V2G da haɗin kai mai wayo. Yayin da kasuwa ke ƙaruwa, masu aiki tare da mafi ƙarfi da sassauƙan tsarin za su kasance waɗanda ke jagorantar wannan aiki.

Babi na 11: Nutsewa Mai Zurfi: Nazarin Guduwar Saƙonni da Zane-zanen Jeri

A cikin wannan babi, za mu yi nazari kan jerin hulɗar da ke tsakanin EVSE da CSMS don nuna bambance-bambancen aiki tsakanin 1.6J da 2.0.1.

11.1 Tsarin Tafiya da Tsarin Saita

Idan caja ta fara haɗuwa da hanyar sadarwa, dole ne ta gane kanta kuma ta daidaita tsarinta.

Gudun OCPP 1.6J:

1. Haɗin WebSocket: An kafa shi a kan Tashar jiragen ruwa ta 80 ko 443.
2. Sanarwa ta Boot: Tashar tana aika mai siyarwa, samfurin, da kuma serial.
3. SamuSarrafawa: CSMS yana buƙatar duk maɓallan don duba halin da ake ciki.
4. Canza Saita: CSMS yana sabunta takamaiman maɓallai (misali,bugun zuciyaTazara).
5. Sanarwa a Matsayin: Tashar ta ba da rahoton "Akwai."

Gudun OCPP 2.0.1:

1. Amintaccen Hannu na TLS: Musayar takardar shaida ta dole.
2. Sanarwa ta Boot: Ya haɗa dadalili(misali,PowerUp).
3. Rahoton GetBase: Maimakon neman duk maɓallai, CSMS ta nemi "Rahoton Tushe" wanda ke ba da cikakken tsarin Tsarin Na'ura.
4. SaitaMasu Canzawa: CSMS yana sabunta masu canji. Lura cewa 2.0.1 yana ba da damar sabunta atomic - saita masu canji da yawa a cikin saƙo ɗaya kuma tabbatar da cewa duk sun yi nasara ko babu wanda ya yi.
5. SanarwaEvent: Tashar ta ba da rahoton yanayin farko na abubuwan da aka haɗa.

11.2 Tattaunawar Cajin Wayo

Cajin wayo shine inda 2.0.1 ke haskakawa da gaske, musamman lokacin da ake sarrafa bayanan caji da yawa.

A cikin 1.6J, CSMS ta aika daBayanin SaitaChargingwanda ke bayyana matakin tari da jadawalin. Idan tasha tana da mahaɗi da yawa, sarrafa bayanin martaba sau da yawa ba shi da tabbas.

A cikin 2.0.1, an yi amfani daBayanin SaitaChargingan haɗa shi a fili daCajinProfileManufa.

• Cajin Tashar CajiMaxProfile: Yana iyakance yawan shiga tashar gaba ɗaya.
• Fayil ɗin TXDefault: Tsarin da aka saba amfani da shi don kowace sabuwar mu'amala.
• Fayil ɗin TX: Musamman ga ciniki mai gudana.

Bugu da ƙari, 2.0.1 yana goyan bayanSamun CajinMataki na Stacksako, wanda ke bawa CSMS damar ganin waɗanne bayanan martaba ne ke aiki a halin yanzu da kuma yadda mai tsara jadawalin cikin gida na EVSE ke ba su fifiko.

11.3 Mai kunna da sarrafawa daga nesa

Umarnin nesa kamarMa'amala ta Farko daga Nesaan maye gurbinsu da (1.6J)Neman Fara Ciniki(2.0.1). Babban bambanci yana cikin nauyin da aka biya. A cikin 2.0.1, CSMS na iya haɗawa daBayanin cajikai tsaye a cikin buƙatar farawa. Wannan yana nufin motar za ta iya fara caji a matakin wutar lantarki daidai nan da nan, ba tare da jiran saƙo na biyu ba, yana rage jinkirin aiki da inganta daidaiton grid.

Babi na 12: Tsarin JSON Mai Ƙaranci da Kwatanta Fili

Ga masu haɓakawa da masu haɗa tsarin, canje-canjen tsarin sune mafi yawan aikin da ake buƙata a cikin ƙaura.

12.1 Nau'ikan da aka lissafa (Enums)

OCPP 2.0.1 ya faɗaɗa adadin Enums da aka daidaita sosai, yana rage buƙatar lambobin matsayin "Custom" waɗanda suka addabi aiwatarwa 1.6J.

• Dalili Enums: Karen Tsaro, An ShiryaSake saitawa, Sake saita Nesa, Rashin Wuta.
• Matsayin Enums: An mamaye, An yi ajiya, Ba a samu ba, An yi kuskure. 2.0.1 ya ƙaraAkwai, An mamaye, An yi ajiya, Ba a samu ba, An yi kuskureamma tare da ƙananan matsayi don ƙarin bayani.

12.2 Nau'ikan Bayanai da Raka'o'i

OCPP 2.0.1 yana tsara amfani da daidaitattun raka'a (SI). Inda 1.6J wani lokacin yana barin daidaiton adadi ba a fayyace shi ba, 2.0.1 yana amfani dagoma sha ɗayanau'ikan ƙimar wutar lantarki da makamashi, tabbatar da daidaiton lissafin kuɗi a cikin kayan aikin masu siyarwa daban-daban.

Babi na 13: Nazarin Shari'a: Hijira ta CPO ta Duniya daga 1.6J zuwa 2.0.1

Bari mu kalli wani yanayi na hasashe na "MegaCharge," CPO mai maki 10,000 na caji.

13.1 Mataki na 1: Binciken Kuɗi

MegaCharge ta gano cewa kashi 40% na jiragen ruwansu mai nauyin 1.6J ba su goyi bayan TLS 1.2 ba. Wannan yana nufin waɗannan na'urorin caji ba su cancanci kwangilolin gwamnati masu zuwa ba.

13.2 Mataki na 2: Haɓaka CSMS

Maimakon gina sabon CSMS, MegaCharge ta aiwatar da "Layin Fassara na OCPP." Wannan layin yana sarrafa haɗin 1.6J don tsoffin kayan aiki da 2.0.1 don sabbin kayan aiki, amma ya fallasa haɗin API ga manhajar wayar hannu da injin biyan kuɗi.

13.3 Mataki na 3: Sauya Hardware

Ga wuraren da cunkoson ababen hawa ya yi yawa, MegaCharge ya maye gurbin na'urorin caji masu sauri na DC guda 1.6J da na'urorin caji masu sauri na DC guda 2.0.1. Sakamakon ya nuna raguwar kashi 15% a zaman "Bailed to Start", musamman saboda ƙarfin da ya fi yawa.Ma'amalaTaronsarrafawa a cikin 2.0.1.

13.4 Binciken ROI

Jarin farko da aka zuba ya kai dala miliyan 2. Duk da haka, raguwar kiran kulawa (godiya ga binciken Na'urar Model) ya adana dala dubu 400 a kowace shekara. Bugu da ƙari, ikon shiga kasuwannin amsawar mitar V2G ya samar da ƙarin dala dubu 200 a cikin kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara. Lokacin biyan kuɗi ya kasance kimanin shekaru 3.3.

Babi na 14: Jerin Abubuwan da Mai Saya Ya Kamata Ya Yi Don Sayayya ta OCPP 2.0.1

Lokacin tantance sabbin kayan aiki ko software, yi amfani da wannan jerin abubuwan da za a duba don tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodi na gaskiya:

14.1 Bukatun Kayan Aiki (EVSE)

• [ ]Tallafin Bayanan Tsaro 3: Shin yana tallafawa gudanar da takardar shaidar abokin ciniki?
• [ ]Mai Sarrafa Mai Juna Biyu: Akwai isasshen sarari don ɓoye TLS da nazarin JSON?
• [ ]Abun Tsaro (SE): Shin allon yana da tushen aminci na kayan aiki don adana maɓallai?
• [ ]ISO 15118-2/20 A shirye: Shin mai sarrafawa zai iya sarrafa babban sadarwa da ake buƙata don PnC?
• [ ]Ƙarfin NuniShin kayan aikin suna tallafawa nuna bayanin farashi/yanayin aiki ta hanyar OCPP?Canja wurin Bayanaiko saƙonnin asali?

14.2 Bukatun Software (CSMS)

• [ ]Ganin Samfurin Na'ura: Shin allon nunin faifai zai iya nuna yanayin tsarin caji?
• [ ]Haɗin Hukumar Takaddun Shaida (CA): Shin CSMS zai iya bayar da takaddun shaida ta atomatik da kuma juya su?
• [ ]Sulhu tsakanin Ma'amaloliTa yaya tsarin yake kula da ma'amaloli masu "ragewa" daga tsoffin caji na 1.6J?
• [ ]Injin Caji Mai WayoShin yana goyon bayan ci gaba da dabarun matakin tari na 2.0.1?
• [ ]Ma'aunin girmaShin mai kula da WebSocket zai iya sarrafa haɗin TLS sama da 50,000 a lokaci guda?

Babi na 15: Magance Matsalolin Aiwatar da OCPP da Aka Fi So

Ko da tare da mizani, aiwatarwa ya bambanta. Ga "gotchas" da aka fi sani.

15.1 Lokacin ƙarewar WebSocket

Yawancin firewalls na cibiyar sadarwa suna rufe haɗin TCP mara aiki.bugun zuciyaTazaraan saita shi sama da haka, ana iya cire caja.

• Mafita: Tabbatarbugun zuciyaTazaraya fi ƙasa da lokacin ƙarewar wuta (yawanci daƙiƙa 60-120).

15.2 Matsalolin Sarkar Takaddun Shaida

Kuskuren da aka saba samu a 2.0.1 shine kuskuren "Ba a Amince da Takaddun Shaida ba". Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne lokacin da caja ba ta da Root CA na CSMS.

• Mafita: Yi amfani daShigar da Takaddun shaidasako yayin aiwatarwa don tabbatar da cewa an kammala sarkar aminci.

Girman nauyin JSON 15.3

Wasu saƙonni 2.0.1 (kamarRahoton GetBase) zai iya zama babba sosai. Idan ma'ajiyar caji ta yi ƙanƙanta, zai sauke saƙon.

• Mafita: DubaGirman Saƙo Mafi Girmamai canzawa a cikin Tsarin Na'ura kuma tabbatar da cewa CSMS ta mutunta wannan iyaka.

Babi na 16: Tsarin Dokokin Yankuna da Umarnin Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniya

Ba wai kawai fasaha ce ke haifar da wannan koma baya zuwa OCPP 2.0.1 ba; har ma batun doka ne.

16.1 Tarayyar Turai (AFIR)

Dokar Kayayyakin more rayuwa ta Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) a cikin Tarayyar Turai ta wajabta bayyana farashi da kuma hulɗar aiki. Duk da cewa ba ta ambaci OCPP 2.0.1 a sarari ba, buƙatar "raba bayanai a ainihin lokaci" da "cajin wayo" yadda ya kamata ya sanya 2.0.1 ita ce kawai mizani mai amfani ga sabbin kayayyakin more rayuwa na jama'a.

16.2 Arewacin Amurka (NEVI)

A Amurka, shirin Tsarin Kayan Aikin Motocin Lantarki na Ƙasa (NEVI) yana buƙatar cewa na'urorin caji su kasance "masu haɗin kai." Jihohi kamar California suna ci gaba da tafiya, tare da Hukumar Makamashi ta California (CEC) tana ƙoƙarin samun tallafin ISO 15118, wanda kamar yadda muka tattauna, ya fi kyau a aiwatar da shi ta hanyar OCPP 2.0.1.

16.3 China da Asiya-Pacific

Duk da cewa China tana da nata ka'idojin (GB/T), masana'antun da suka mayar da hankali kan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje suna zuba jari sosai a cikin OCPP 2.0.1. A kasuwanni kamar Ostiraliya da Singapore, tayin gwamnati don hanyoyin sadarwar caji na jama'a yanzu kusan suna ƙayyade OCPP 2.0.1 tare da Bayanin Tsaro na 3.

Babi na 17: Takaitattun Bayanan Aiwatarwa: "Babban Rashin Kyau"

Domin taimaka wa masu haɓakawa, muna ba da wakilcin JSON na ra'ayi don ayyuka masu rikitarwa na 2.0.1.

17.1 Gudun Juyawa na Takaddun Shaida

Idan takardar shaidar ta kusa ƙarewa, dole ne CSMS ta fara juyawa.

1. CSMS yana aika saƙonniAn Sanya Takaddun Shaida:"json [2, "CERT-01", "CertificateSigned", { "certificateChain": "------FARA TAKARDAR SHAIDAR-----\n...\n--------TAKARDAR SHAIDAR-----", "certificateType": "V2G" }]"

2. Tashar ta amsaAn karɓa:"json [3, "CERT-01", { "status": "An karɓa" }]"

3. Tashar ta aikaSanarwa game da Taro na Tsaro:"json [2, "EVT-99", "SecurityEventNotification", { "type": "CertificateRotated", "timestamp": "2026-08-09T10:00:00Z" }]"

17.2 Saita Bayanin Caji Mai Amsawa da Grid

Ka yi tunanin mai aiki da grid yana buƙatar rage wutar lantarki a faɗin hanyar sadarwa.

CSMS yana aikaBayanin SaitaCharging:"json [2, "GRID-REQ", "SetChargingProfile", { "evseId": 0, "chargingProfile": { "id": 501, "stackLevel": 1, "chargingProfilePurpose": "ChargingStationMaxProfile", "chargingProfileKind": "Absolute", "chargingSchedule": { "id": 1, "chargingRateUnit": "W", "chargingSchedulePeriod": [ { "startPeriod": 0, "limit": 11000 }, { "startPeriod": 3600, "limit": 22000 } ] } }]"

Babi na 18: Cikakken Kalmomin OCPP 2.0.1

Domin tabbatar da fayyace gaskiya ga duk masu ruwa da tsaki, muna samar da ƙamus mai faɗi.

• CSMS (Tsarin Gudanar da Tashar Caji): Dandalin gajimare na baya wanda ke sarrafa caja.
• EVSE (Kayan Samar da Motoci na Lantarki): Tashar caji ta zahiri.
• OCPP (Tsarin Buɗewar Cajin Ma'auni): Harshen da suke magana.
• Ƙungiyar Buɗe Kuɗi (OCA): Ƙungiyar da ke rubuta yaren.
• ISO 15118: Tsarin da ke tsakanin motar da caja.
• PnC (Filogi da Caji): An kunna ƙwarewar mai amfani ta hanyar ISO 15118 da OCPP 2.0.1.
• V2G (Mota-zuwa-Grid): Ana mayar da wutar lantarki daga motar zuwa ga grid ɗin.
• V2X (Abin hawa zuwa komai): Kalmar laima ga V2G, V2H, da V2B.
• TLS (Tsaron Layer na Sufuri): Sirrin da ke kiyaye bayanan lafiya.
• PKI (Kayan Aikin Jama'a Maɓallan Kayayyaki): Tsarin takaddun shaida na dijital da ake amfani da su don tsaro.
• JSON (Rubutun Abubuwan Javascript): Tsarin saƙonnin.
• WebSocket: “Bututun haɗin da ke ci gaba” saƙonnin suna gudana ta cikinsa.
• Samfurin Na'ura: Hanyar da aka tsara ta 2.0.1 ta bayyana kayan aiki.
• Bangaren: Wani ɓangare na kayan aikin (misali, Mai haɗawa).
• Mai canzawa: Halakar wani ɓangare (misali, Matsayi).
• Siffa: Metadata game da wani mai canzawa (misali, Ƙima, Canzawa).
• Ma'amalaTaron: Saƙon da aka haɗa don duk bayanan zaman a cikin 2.0.1.
• Bugawar Zuciya: Alamar "Ina raye" ta lokaci-lokaci.
• Sanarwa ta Boot: Siginar "Sannu, ina nan" lokacin da caja ta fara aiki.
• Canja wurin Bayanai: Saƙon "kama-duk" ga ƙarin bayani na musamman ga mai siyarwa (yi amfani da shi da taka tsantsan!).

Tunani na Ƙarshe: Kewaya Zamanin Tsarin Mulki Mai Yawa

A matsayinmu na mai siye ko mai aiki, mafi mahimmancin abin da za mu ɗauka shi ne cewa muna shigazamanin yarjejeniya mai yawaA cikin shekaru 3-5 masu zuwa, 1.6J da 2.0.1 za su kasance tare. Duk da haka, daidaito yana canzawa cikin sauri.

Ta hanyar zaɓar OCPP 2.0.1 a yau, ba wai kawai sayen yarjejeniya kake yi ba; kana sayen inshora ne. Kana tabbatar da cewa hanyar sadarwarka za ta iya daidaitawa da sabbin motoci, sabbin dokoki, da sabbin hanyoyin samun kuɗi. Rikicewar 2.0.1 ita ce farashin ci gaba—farashi da ke biyan kansa ta hanyar ingantaccen lokacin aiki, rage haɗari, da kuma ƙwarewar abokin ciniki mai kyau.

Cajin kuɗi na kasuwanci ba wani muhimmin abu bane a yanzu; shine ginshiƙin tsarin sufuri na gaba. Gina wannan ginshiƙin akan tushe mafi ƙarfi: OCPP 2.0.1.

Babi na 19: Haɓakawa don OCPP 2.0.1: Mafi kyawun Ayyuka ga Injiniyoyin Software

Canjawa daga tushen lambar 1.6J zuwa 2.0.1 ba gyara bane; sake rubutawa ne. Masu haɓakawa dole ne su ɗauki wani tsari na tunani daban.

19.1 Rungumar Rashin Daidaito

Duk da cewa WebSockets ba su da alaƙa da juna, sarkakiyar 2.0.1 na nufin cewa buƙata ɗaya (kamarRahoton GetBase) na iya ɗaukar daƙiƙa da yawa don aiwatarwa akan EVSE mai iyaka ga albarkatu. Masu haɓaka CSMS dole ne su aiwatar da ingantaccen lokacin ƙarewa da sake gwada dabaru wanda ke la'akari da bambancin saurin sarrafawa na masu siyar da kayan aiki daban-daban.

19.2 Ingancin Binciken JSON

Binciken JSON na iya zama mai matuƙar amfani da CPU. Ga firmware na EVSE, masu haɓaka software ya kamata su yi amfani da masu nazarin bayanai masu tushen rafi maimakon ɗora dukkan nauyin da aka ɗora a cikin RAM. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman gaSanarwaEventsaƙonni, waɗanda zasu iya ƙunsar ɗaruruwan sabuntawa masu canzawa a cikin firam ɗaya.

19.3 Gudanar da Injin Jiha

Injin jihar don ma'amala a cikin 2.0.1 ya fi tsauri fiye da na 1.6J. Masu haɓakawa dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin sauyawa sosai donMa'amalaTaronMisali, ba za ka iya aika waniAn ƙaretaron ba tare da an fara aika shi baAn farataron musamman don wannanma'amalaId.

Babi na 20: Gwaji, Tabbatarwa, da Kayan Aikin Gwaji na OCPP (OCTT)

Haɗin kai shine alƙawarin OCPP, amma ana cimma shi ne kawai ta hanyar gwaji mai tsauri.

20.1 Matsayin Takaddun Shaidar OCA

Ƙungiyar Open Charge Alliance tana ba da shirin bayar da takardar shaida. Ya kamata masu siye su nemi lakabin "OCPP 2.0.1 Certified". Wannan takardar shaidar tana tabbatar da cewa aiwatarwar ta wuce gwaje-gwajen atomatik da suka shafi duk bayanan martaba na tilas.

20.2 Amfani da OCTT

Kayan Aikin Gwaji Mai Kyau na OCPP (OCTT) shine ma'aunin zinare don gwaji. Yana kwaikwayon CSMS da EVSE.

• Ga masu ƙera EVSE: Yi amfani da OCTT don tabbatar da cewa tashar ku tana kula da yanayin "hanyar farin ciki" da lamuran gefen (kamar faɗuwar hanyar sadarwa yayin sabunta firmware).
• Ga Masu Ba da CSMS: Yi amfani da OCTT don tabbatar da cewa bayanka zai iya sarrafa saƙonni iri-iri da kuma tsauraran buƙatun tsaro na 2.0.1.

20.3 Gwajin Filaye da Bikin Haɗuwa

Bayan gwaji ta atomatik, OCA tana shirya "Plugfests" inda masu siyarwa ke kawo kayan aikinsu da software don gwada juna a cikin yanayi na gaske. Nan ne ake kamawa kuma a warware mafi yawan kurakurai masu sauƙi - kamar rashin jituwa da takardar shaida ko ƙananan bambance-bambancen tsarin JSON.

Babi na 21: Teburin Kwatanta Mai Zurfi: Ayyuka 60+ na OCPP 2.0.1

Domin samar da cikakken bayani, muna rarraba manyan saƙonnin 2.0.1 kuma mu kwatanta su da takwarorinsu na 1.6J.

21.1 Samarwa da Saitawa

21.2 Gudanar da Ma'amala

21.3 Gudanar da Tsaro da Firmware

21.4 Menene Ma'anar Teburin Ga Cibiyar Sadarwarku

Teburin ya sa abu ɗaya ya zama ba za a iya fahimta ba: OCPP 2.0.1 ba sabon suna bane na 1.6J. Sabbin iyalai na saƙonni - masu canjin rubutu, ma'amaloli da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma gudanar da takaddun shaida - su ne bututun da ake buƙata don Plug & Charge, caji mai wayo, da kuma rahotannin ƙa'idoji. Ana iya sake haɗa caja wanda ke magana 1.6J kawai da ƙofar shiga, amma CSMS wanda ke magana 1.6J kawai ba zai iya isar da tsarin tsaro da masu kera motoci suna buƙatar ƙaruwa ba. Lokacin tantance kayan aiki, "2.0.1-shirye" ya kamata ya nuna cewa firmware ɗin yana jigilar kaya a yau, ba a tsara shi don shekara mai zuwa ba. Kuma saboda OCPP 2.0.1 yana aiki akan JSON-over-WebSocket maimakon jigilar SOAP na 1.6J, kwararar saƙonni sun fi sauƙi kuma sun fi sauƙin gyara - fa'ida mai amfani da IT ɗinku za ta ji daga rana ta farko.

Babi na 22: Kammalawa: Yin Shawarar Ingantawa

Ga mai gudanar da kasuwanci, jagorar aiki a bayyane take:

• Sabbin abubuwan da za a tura ya kamata su zama OCPP 2.0.1 na asali.Tsarin tsaro, sarrafa takardar shaida, da haɗakar ISO 15118 su ne abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanayin ƙa'idoji na 2026.
• Jiragen ruwa masu karfin 1.6J da ke akwai ba su makale ba.Ƙofofin shiga da aka sarrafa da dandamalin CSMS guda biyu suna cike gibin yayin da kuke haɓaka kayan aikin asali na 2.0.1.
• Gwada kafin ka amince.Yi amfani da OCTT, plugfests, da kuma shirye-shiryen da aka tsara - an tabbatar da haɗin kai a fagen, ba a ɗauka daga takardar bayanai ba.
• Nemi hanyar ƙaura a rubuce.Mai sayar da na'urar caji ya kamata ya buga taswirar firmware daga 1.6J zuwa 2.0.1 tare da kwanakin, ba alkawurra marasa tabbas ba.

Kira zuwa Aiki: Yi Magana da MIDA Power Game da Tsarin Yarjejeniyarka

MIDA Power ships OCPP 1.6J and 2.0.1 on every charger, with field-upgradeable firmware and a cloud platform that manages mixed-protocol fleets in a single dashboard. Contact sales@midapower.com for our protocol migration guide, OCTT test reports, and a free compatibility review of your existing network.