I-BESS yeziseko zophuhliso ze-EV: Izisombululo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo, eziguquguqukayo, nezinobuhlobo negridi

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri kwiziseko zokutshaja ze-EV: Ikamva lezisombululo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo, eziguquguqukayo, nezinobuhlobo negridi nge-BESS+EVSE Architecture, i-AI-Optimized Peak Shaving, kunye noLawulo lwaMandla oluPhambili

Intshayelelo: Imida Ehlanganayo Yokugcina Amandla Ne-E-Mobility

Utshintsho lwehlabathi oluya kwizithuthi zombane (ii-EV) alusekho kwixesha elizayo elingalindelekanga; yinyani ekhoyo ngoku eyenzeka ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili. Njengoko amazwe ezama ukufikelela kwiinjongo ze-net-zero, ukufakelwa kombane kwicandelo lezothutho kuye kwaba yintsika yezicwangciso zokususa i-carbonization. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukwamkelwa kwee-EV zabakhweli kunye neenkampani zorhwebo kukhawulezisa, imida yeegridi zombane ezikhoyo—uninzi lwazo ezenzelwe imithwalo eqikelelweyo, ezinzileyo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo—iya icaca ngakumbi. Ingxaki ephambili yimfuno yezikhululo zokutshaja ezinamandla aphezulu, ezikhawulezayo kakhulu (ii-UFC) ezikwaziyo ukuhambisa i-150 kW ukuya kwi-350 kW okanye ngaphezulu kwisithuthi ngasinye.

Xa iitshaja ezininzi ezinjalo zisebenza ngaxeshanye, zenza amandla amakhulu, aphindaphindeneyo. Kwinkampani yeenkonzo, ihabhu enye yokutshaja ekhawulezayo enama-bay ali-10 inokumela umthwalo ophezulu olingana nesakhiwo esincinci okanye umzi-mveliso ophakathi, kodwa lo mthwalo uvela kwaye unyamalale kwimizuzu embalwa. Le mithwalo "inezipikili" inokubangela ukuba ii-transformers zokusasazwa kweendawo zingasebenzi, zibangele ukwehla kwamandla ombane, kwaye zikhokelele kwiindleko eziphezulu kakhulu zemfuno kubaqhubi bezikhululo. Ngaphezu koko, isisombululo sendabuko—ukuphucula iziseko zegridi—sidla ngokubiza kakhulu kwaye sicotha, kunye namaxesha okukhokela kwizikhululo ezintsha ezine-high-voltage athatha iminyaka.

Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri (i-BESS) ziye zavela njengesisombululo esiqinisekileyo kwezi ngxaki. Ngokudibanisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla egridi ukusuka kwimveliso yetshaja, isiseko sokutshaja se-EV esidityanisiweyo se-BESS (i-BESS+EVSE) sinika indlela yokusasazwa kwamandla okukhawulezayo, okuguquguqukayo, nokunobuhlobo negridi. Olu lwakhiwo oludibeneyo luvumela "ukucheba okuphezulu," apho ibhetri inika uninzi lwamandla ngexesha leeseshini zokutshaja, kwaye itshaja kwakhona kwigridi ngesantya esizinzileyo nesilawulekayo xa iitshaja zingasebenzi.

Kule ncwadi yobugcisa ibanzi, siza kuhlola ubunzulu beenkqubo zeBESS+EVSE ngamagama angaphezu kwama-6000 ohlalutyo lobugcisa. Siza kudlulela ngaphaya kweenzuzo eziphezulu ukuhlalutya iitopologies ezithile ze-elektroniki zamandla, ingqiqo yokulawula eyinkimbinkimbi yabaguquli abaneekota ezine, iimodeli zezibalo ezilawula impilo yebhetri, kunye neenjini zoqoqosho eziqhutywa yi-AI ezenza ezi nkqubo zingapheleli nje ekubeni zenzeke ngokwetekhnoloji, kodwa zibe nenzuzo enkulu.

Isahluko 1: Uyilo Olunzulu lweeNkqubo zeBESS+EVSE

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BESS kwizikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV kufuna ukuphinda kuqwalaselwe ngokutsha i-topology yenkqubo yamandla. Kufuneka singacingi nje kuphela ngendlela egcinwa ngayo amandla, kodwa nendlela ashukunyiswa ngayo ngokulahleka okuncinci kunye nolawulo oluphezulu. Kwesi sahluko, sithelekisa iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokudibanisa: iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC kunye neenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC.

1.1 Uyilo oluDibeneyo lwe-AC: Ilifa kunye noBuyekezo

Kwinkqubo edibene ne-AC, i-BESS kunye ne-EVSE ziqhagamshelwe kwibhasi ye-AC ephambili yesikhululo, ngesiqhelo kwi-400V okanye kwi-480V. I-BESS ineNkqubo yayo yoGuqulelo lwaMandla (PCS) eguqula i-AC ukusuka kwigridi ukuya kwi-DC yokugcina. Itshaja nganye ye-EV ikwanayo ne-AC-DC converter yayo yangaphakathi (i-rectifier).

Inzuzo ephambili yokudibanisa i-AC kukuba i-modularity yayo. Ngenxa yokuba i-BESS kunye neetshaja zizixhobo ezizimeleyo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi ye-AC, zinokufunyanwa kubathengisi abahlukeneyo kwaye ziphuculwe ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kwenza ukudibanisa i-AC kube lolona khetho lukhethwayo lokulungisa izikhululo zokutshaja ezikhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi. Cinga ngemeko apho i-EV itshajwa kusetyenziswa amandla agcinwe kwi-BESS. Amandla kufuneka adlule kwizigaba ezintathu zokuguqula:

1. Igridi (AC) -> BESS PCS (DC) yokugcina.
2. I-BESS (DC) -> I-BESS PCS (AC) ukuya kwibhasi yesitishi.
3. Ibhasi yeSitishi (AC) -> Itshaja ye-EV (DC) eya kwisithuthi.

Ukuba inqanaba ngalinye lisebenza kakuhle ngama-95%, ukusebenza kakuhle kohambo oluya nokubuya yi-0.95 * 0.95 * 0.95 = 85.7%. Nangona oku kwamkelekile ekuchebeni i-peak, kubonisa ukulahleka kwamandla okukhulu kwiibhayisekile ezingamawaka. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC zifuna izinto ezininzi, kuquka ii-transformers ezininzi kunye ne-switchgear, nto leyo eyandisa unyawo lwesitishi.

1.2 Uyilo oluDibeneyo lwe-DC: Ikamva eliSebenza kakuhle kakhulu

Iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC zidibanisa i-BESS, ii-solar PV arrays, kunye neetshaja ze-EV ngqo kwibhasi ye-DC ene-voltage ephezulu (ngesiqhelo i-750V ukuya kwi-1000V). I-rectifier enkulu ephakathi idibanisa igridi kwibhasi ye-DC. Iitshaja ze-BESS kunye ne-EV ziqhagamshela ngee-converters ze-DC-DC.

Inzuzo ephambili apha kukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokususa "uhambo oluya nokubuya lwe-DC-AC-DC," ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo iyonke kunokuphucula nge-5-8%. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PV yelanga kuba lula kakhulu njengoko ii-inverters ze-PV string zinokutshintshwa zi-DC-DC charge controllers ezisebenzayo ezitya ngqo kwi-DC bus. Le yindlela "yemveli" yokuphatha amandla e-DC avela kwiibhetri kunye neepaneli ze-PV.

Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zeDC zinemingeni ebalulekileyo yobunjineli, ngakumbi kwicandelo lokhuseleko. Umsinga weDC awunayo "i-zero-crossing" njenge-AC, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho impazamo, i-arc ephumayo kunzima kakhulu ukuyicima. Oku kufuna ii-contactors ezikhethekileyo ze-DC kunye nee-ultra-fast solid-state circuit breakers (SSCB) ezisebenzisa ii-Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFETs ukuphazamisa umsinga kwi-microseconds. Nangona le mingeni, eli shishini lithambekele kwi-DC-coupled architectures ezintsha, ezinamandla aphezulu "zee-mega-hubs" ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla azo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

Isahluko 2: Iinkqubo zoGuqulo lwaMandla (ii-PCS) kunye neLogic yokusebenza yeFour-Quadrant

I-PCS yintliziyo ye-BESS, isebenza njengesango eliya kumacala amabini phakathi kwebhetri kunye negridi okanye ibhasi yokutshaja. Ukuxhasa igridi ngempumelelo, iiyunithi zanamhlanje ze-PCS kufuneka zisebenze kuzo zonke iikota ezine zeplane ye-PQ.

2.1 Isiseko sethiyori soLawulo lwe-Four-Quadrant

Kwinjineli yamandla, sichaza ukusebenza kwe-inverter ngokwemigaqo yamandla asebenzayo (P) kunye namandla asebenzayo (Q).

• Ikota I (U-P olungileyo, u-Q olungileyo): I-BESS iyatshaja (ifunxa amandla asebenzayo) kwaye ifunxa amandla aphendulayo avuselelayo. Oku kuluncedo ekunciphiseni i-voltage yegridi ngexesha lemfuno ephantsi yendawo.
• Isiqingatha sesiBini (u-P ongalunganga, u-Q olungileyo): I-BESS ikhupha (ixhasa umthwalo) ngelixa ifunxa amandla okuphendula avuselelayo.
• Isiqingatha sesi-III (u-P ongalunganga, u-Q ongalunganga): I-BESS ikhupha kwaye inika amandla okusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Le yindlela "exhasa igridi" enokunyusa i-voltage yendawo xa ii-EV ezininzi zitsala umbane onzima.
• Ikota yesi-IV (u-P olungileyo, u-Q ongalunganga): I-BESS iyatshaja ngelixa inika amandla okusebenza asebenzayo.

Ngokusebenza kuzo zonke iikota ezine, i-BESS yenza okungaphezulu nje kokuhambisa amandla; izinzisa igridi. Kwimimandla emininzi, abaqhubi begridi baya kuhlawula iprimiyamu kubanini be-BESS abanokubonelela ngembuyekezo yamandla asebenzayo (ulawulo lweVolt-VAR).

2.2 Ukuphunyezwa koLawulo: i-dq Vector Transformation

Ukulawula i-P kunye ne-Q ngokuzimeleyo, i-PCS isebenzisa icebo "loLawulo lweVektha". Oku kubandakanya utshintsho lweClarke kunye nePark, oluguqula imisinga ye-AC yesigaba esithathu ($a, b, c$) ibe yinkqubo yokulungelelanisa efana ne-DC ($d, q$).

1. Uguquko lukaClarke: Iguqula imiqondiso yesigaba esithathu ibe yinkqubo yokuhlela esisigxina yesigaba esibini ($\alpha, \beta$).
2. Utshintsho lwePaki: Ijikeleza inkqubo ye-$\alpha, \beta$ ukuze ihambelane nentsimi yemagnethi ejikelezayo yegridi, nto leyo ebangela ii-axes ze-$d$ (ngqo) kunye ne-$q$ (quadrature).

Kule freyimu ejikelezayo, umsinga we-$d$-axis uhambelana ngqo namandla asebenzayo, kwaye umsinga we-$q$-axis uhambelana ngqo namandla asebenzayo. Oku kuvumela umlawuli we-PCS ukuba asebenzise ii-loops ezilula ze-PI (Proportional-Integral) ukulawula i-P kunye ne-Q ngokuzimeleyo ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu kakhulu kunye namaxesha okuphendula kwinqanaba le-millisecond.

2.3 Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele kwi-Hardware: i-SiC kunye ne-High-Frequency PWM

Iiyunithi zePCS zanamhlanje zokutshaja nge-EV zisebenzisa ngakumbi iimodyuli zamandla zeSilicon Carbide (SiC). I-SiC ivumela iifrequencies zokutshintsha eziphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 kHz) xa kuthelekiswa neeSilicon IGBTs zemveli (ezihlala zilinganiselwe kwi-10-20 kHz). Iifrequencies zokutshintsha eziphezulu zithetha:

• Ii-inductors ezincinci kunye nee-capacitors kwiifilitha zokukhupha.
• Ukuphazamiseka okuphantsi kwe-harmonic, okuphucula umgangatho wamandla egridi.
• Ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu, ingakumbi xa imithwalo ingenamsebenzi.

Isahluko 3: Uyilo lweRouter yamandla eSiteshini: Imbono yeePort ezininzi

Njengoko ii-charging hubs zitshintsha zibe zii-microgrids, imfuneko ye-"Station Energy Router" (SER) iba yinto ebalulekileyo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-switchboard elula, i-SER sisixhobo se-elektroniki esikrelekrele esilawula ukuhamba kwamandla ngamacandelo amaninzi.

3.1 I-Dual Active Bridge (DAB) Topology

"I-sauce eyimfihlo" ye-SER esebenza kakhulu idla ngokuba yi-Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter. I-DAB inee-H-bridges ezimbini ezahlulwe yi-high-frequency transformer. Ngokutshintsha isigaba seesignali zokutshintsha phakathi kwee-bridges ezimbini, i-router inokulawula ngqo ukuba amandla angakanani kwaye aya kwicala eliphi.

I-DAB inika izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi:

• Ukuzahlula kwiGalvanic: Yahlula ngokwasemzimbeni i-BESS ene-voltage ephezulu kwi-EV port, nto leyo ephucula ukhuseleko.
• Ukuhamba kweendlela ezimbini: Kubalulekile kwizicelo ze-V2G (iMoto ukuya kwiGrid) apho imoto kufuneka ithumele umbane kwakhona kwisikhululo.
• Ukutshintsha okuthambileyo: Ngokusebenzisa iZero Voltage Switching (ZVS), i-DAB inciphisa amandla alahlekayo ngexesha lomjikelo ngamnye "wokuvula/ukucima" wee-transistors, okuvumela ukusebenza kakuhle okungaphezulu kwe-98%.

3.2 Ingcamango Yokwabiwa Kwamandla Anamandla

Isoftware yokulawula ye-SER isebenzisa "Amandla Achazwe yiSoftware." Xa i-EV ifaka iplagi, i-SER inxibelelana ne-BMS yesithuthi ukuze imisele izinga layo eliphezulu lokutshaja kunye neMeko yokuTshaja yangoku (i-SoC). Ukuba isikhululo sisondela kumda waso wegridi, i-SER isebenzisa i-algorithm ethi "Priority Queue" ukwabela amandla. Umzekelo, isithuthi esinebhetri ye-10% sinokubekwa phambili kunesinye esinebhetri ye-80%. I-BESS isebenza "njengomvelisi we-swing," igcwalisa naziphi na izikhewu phakathi kwemfuno yesithuthi kunye nomthamo wegridi.

3.3 Ingcamango "yeZiko laMandla"

Sisuka kwimodeli "egxile kwitshaja" siye kwimodeli "yehabhu yamandla". Kwihabhu yamandla, i-SER ilawula i-PV yelanga, i-BESS, i-EV charging, kwanemithwalo yezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni njengento enye, elungiselelweyo. Oku kuvumela ukusebenza "kwe-Zero-Export", apho i-100% yelanga kwindawo isetyenziswa apha ekhaya, nto leyo enyusa ixabiso lokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lofakelo.

Isahluko 4: Ulawulo lweBESS Life Cycle: ii-Advanced SoH kunye ne-SoC Algorithms

Ukuphila kakuhle kweprojekthi ye-BESS+EVSE kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubomi bebhetri. I-BMS enobuchule iyadingeka ukulawula ubomi bebhayisekile ngokujonga imeko yezempilo (SoH).

4.1 Ii-Algorithms zeMeko yezeMpilo (SoH): IFiziksi yokwaluphala

I-SoH yindlela yokulinganisa amandla ebhetri angoku xa ithelekiswa namandla ayo okuqala. Ukuguga kwebhetri kubangelwa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, kuquka ukukhula komaleko weSolid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) kwi-anode kunye nokuqhekeka kwamasuntswana e-cathode.

Uqikelelo lweSoH lwanamhlanje lusebenzisa indibaniselwano yezi:

• I-Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS): Ngokufaka imiqondiso emincinci ye-AC kuluhlu lweefrikhwensi, i-BMS inokulinganisa i-impedance yangaphakathi yeseli nganye. Ukunyuka kwe-impedance kwiifrikhwensi ezithile "yisibhamu sokutshaya" seendlela ezithile zokwaluphala.
• Izihluzi zeKalman ezandisiweyo (EKF): I-EKF sisixhobo sezibalo esisebenzisa imodeli engeyomgca webhetri ukuqikelela imeko yayo yangaphakathi. Ihlala ithelekisa i-voltage yayo eqikelelweyo ne-voltage yokwenyani elinganisiweyo kwaye ilungisa uqikelelo lwayo ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuvumela ukulandelwa kwe-SoH ngokuchanekileyo naphantsi kweemeko "ezinomsindo" zesikhululo sokutshaja esinamandla aphezulu.

4.2 Imeko yoTshaja (iSoC) kunye neCoulomb Counter Drift

Imeko Yokutshaja (i-SoC) ifana negeyiji yepetroli yebhetri. Ekutshajeni kwe-EV, i-BESS idla ngokuhamba ngemijikelo ekhawulezayo nengaphelelanga. Oku kwenza "Ukubala kweCoulomb" okulula (ukulinganisa umsinga ngaphakathi vs ukuphuma komsinga) kungachaneki ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokushukuma kwesensor. Ukusombulula oku, i-BMS isebenzisa "i-Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) Mapping." Xa ibhetri iphumle, i-voltage yayo sisibonisi esichanekileyo se-SoC yayo. I-BMS isebenzisa la maxesha okuphumla "ukulinganisa kwakhona" ikhawuntara yeCoulomb, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi wesitishi uhlala esazi kakuhle ukuba angakanani amandla afumanekayo.

4.3 Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhetri yoBomi beSibini

Enye indlela yokuphucula i-ROI yezikhululo ezidityanisiweyo ze-BESS kukusebenzisa iibhetri "zeSibini soBomi"—iibhetri eziye zasuswa kwii-EV kodwa zisene-70-80% yomthamo wazo wokuqala. Nangona ezi bhetri zingasafanelekanga kwisithuthi apho ubunzima bubaluleke kakhulu, zilungele ukugcina izinto zihleli. Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula iibhetri zesibini sobomi kunzima kuba iphakheji nganye inembali eyahlukileyo yokwaluphala. Oku kufuna "i-Hterogeneous BMS" enokulinganisela iiseli kunye neemodyuli ezineempawu zempilo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

Isahluko 5: Ukutshaja Okunobuhlobo Negridi: Ukulinganisela Umthwalo kunye Nokucheba Okuphezulu

Ixabiso eliphambili le-BESS ekutshajeni kwe-EV kukunciphisa impembelelo yegridi. Oku kufezekiswa ngamaqhinga amabini aphambili: ukucheba okuphezulu kunye nokulinganisa umthwalo.

5.1 Ukucheba Okucothayo: Ukunciphisa "Intlawulo Yemfuno"

Umbane kubasebenzisi bezorhwebo awuxhonywanga nje kuphela nge-kWh; uquka "iDemand Charge" (elinganiswa nge-$/kW) ngokusekelwe kumbane otsalwa kakhulu wemizuzu eli-15 ngenyanga. Kwisikhululo sokutshaja esikhawulezayo kakhulu, iseshoni enye yamandla aphezulu inokubangela idemo yemfuno yamawaka eedola.

I-BESS EMS isebenzisa i-algorithm ethi “Peak Shaving” emisela “isilingi” esibonakalayo sokutsala igridi. Xa i-EV iqala ukutshaja kwi-350 kW, igridi inika i-50 kW kuphela, kwaye i-BESS inika i-300 kW eseleyo. Le ngqiqo ilula inokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza zenyanga zesikhululo sokutshaja nge-30-50%, idla ngokwenza umahluko phakathi kwesikhululo esinenzuzo nesikhululo esenza ilahleko.

5.2 Ukulinganisa Umthwalo: Ukunceda i-Utility

Ngokwembono yenkampani, umthengi ofanelekileyo ngulowo utsala amandla angaguqukiyo, aqikelelwayo iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngemini. Ukutshaja kwe-EV kuchasene noko: akuqikelelwa kakhulu. I-BESS ivumela isikhululo ukuba sisebenze njenge-"Load Leveler." Sitshaja kancinci ebusuku (xa imfuno yegridi iphantsi) kwaye sikhupha amanzi emini. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiitransformer zokusasaza zasekuhlaleni kwaye kunokulibazisa nesidingo sokuba inkampani yakhe izityalo ezintsha zamandla.

5.3 Iinkonzo zokuphendula rhoqo kunye neeNkonzo ezincedisayo

Kwiimarike zamandla eziphambili, izitishi zokutshaja ezidityaniswe neBESS zinokufumana imali ngokubonelela "ngempendulo yeFrequency." Ukuba isikhululo samandla esikhulu kwigridi siyasilela, ifrequency iya kwehla. I-BESS inokuyibona le nto ize iyeke ngoko nangoko ukutshaja (okanye iqalise ukukhupha) ukunceda ukuzinzisa igridi. Le yindlela "engeyoyacingo" exatyiswa ngakumbi ngabaqhubi begridi kwihlabathi liphela.

Isahluko 6: Ukwandiswa koMbane oGuquguqukayo: Ukoyisa iBottleneck yeTransformer

Enye yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu ekutshintsheni kwe-EV yingxaki ethi “Ixesha lokuya kwiGridi”. Kwizixeko ezininzi, kungathatha iminyaka emi-2 nangaphezulu ukufumana inkampani yeenkonzo zombane ukuba iphucule isikhululo sendawo sendawo ukuze kubekho ihabhu entsha yokutshaja. I-BESS ibonelela ngendlela yokuphepha oku.

6.1 Uphuculo lweTransformer "ebonakalayo"

Cinga ngendawo ene-transformer engama-200 kVA esele ine-100 kVA yomthwalo wendawo. Le ndawo inokuxhasa kuphela i-100 kVA yokutshaja kwe-EV—akwanelanga nokuba yitshaja enye ekhawulezayo. Ngokongeza i-1 MWh BESS, le ndawo inokuxhasa iitshaja ezimbini ezingama-350 kW. I-BESS inika amandla "okuqhumayo" afunekayo kwiseshoni yokutshaja, kwaye i-transformer itshaja i-BESS ngexesha lokuthula. Oku kuvumela "uPhuculo lwaMandla" kwiiveki ezimbalwa (ixesha elithathayo ukufaka i-BESS) endaweni yeminyaka.

6.2 Iziseko zophuhliso eziziimodyuli nezineekhonteyina

Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukusasazwa, eli shishini lisiya kwi-"Power Blocks" ekwiikhonteyina. Isikhongozeli esinye esingama-20ft okanye ama-40ft singagcina iibhetri, ii-PCS, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye nezitshisi zokutshaja. Ezi yunithi zisebenza kwangaphambili kumzi-mveliso kwaye "zithotywa" nje kwi-concrete pad kwindawo leyo. Le ndlela "yokufaka kunye nokudlala" ibalulekile ekwandiseni inethiwekhi yokutshaja ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zezigidi zee-EV eziza kwimarike.

Isahluko 7: Iinkcukacha zobugcisa zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza (UFC): i-BESS Buffering kunye ne-800V Logic

Ukutshaja okuKhawulezayo (i-UFC) kuchazwa njengokutshaja kwi-150 kW okanye ngaphezulu. Okwangoku kuphezulu yi-350-400 kW, nto leyo enokongeza umgama weemayile ezingama-200 ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-15.

7.1 Ukunyuka koyilo lwe-800V

Ukuze ufumane amandla angama-350 kW kwi-400V, kuya kufuneka ufune phantse ii-Ampere ezingama-900 zamandla ombane. Oku kuya kufuna iintambo ezixineneyo kangangokuba bekungayi kuba lula ukuziphakamisa. Ukusombulula oku, eli shishini litshintshela kwi-800V (esetyenziswa yiPorsche, iHyundai, iKia, kunye neLucid). Ukuphinda kabini i-voltage kukuvumela ukuba unciphise i-current ngesiqingatha ukuze ufumane amandla afanayo, ugcine iintambo zikhanya kwaye ubushushu bulawuleka.

Isitishi esidityaniswe neBESS kufuneka sikwazi ukuxhasa zombini iimoto ezingama-400V kunye nama-800V. Oku kufezekiswa kusetyenziswa i-“Interleaved DC-DC Converter” enokunciphisa okanye yonyuse i-voltage yeBESS ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zemoto ngokusebenza kakuhle okungaphezulu kwama-99%.

7.2 Ulawulo lobushushu lwentambo yokutshaja

Nokuba kwi-800V, itshaja ye-350 kW ivelisa ubushushu obukhulu kwintambo kunye nee-connector pin. Abasasazi be-UFC banamhlanje basebenzisa "iiCables eziQholisiweyo ngolwelo." Isisombululo se-glycol esibandayo sipompelwa kwintambo kwaye sijikeleze ii-pins ze-CCS okanye i-NACS connector. Inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu ye-BESS idla ngokudityaniswa nale loop yokupholisa, isebenzisa ii-chiller zayo ezisebenzayo ukugcina zombini iiseli zebhetri kunye neentambo zokutshaja kubushushu obufanelekileyo.

Isahluko 8: Ulawulo lwaMandla oluqhutywa yi-AI kunye neeModeli ze-Peak-Valley Arbitrage

"Ubuchopho" benkqubo yanamhlanje ye-BESS+EVSE yiNkqubo yoLawulo lwaMandla (EMS) eqhutywa yi-AI. Le ayisiyonto nje yemithetho; yinjini yokuqikelela enika inzuzo eyandisiweyo.

8.1 I-Peak-Valley Arbitrage: Ukuthenga Okuphantsi, Ukuthengisa Okuphezulu

Amaxabiso ombane kwiindawo ezininzi ayatshintsha rhoqo ngeyure (Amaxabiso eXesha lokusebenzisa okanye e-ToU). Ezinzulwini zobusuku, amaxabiso anokuba yi-$0.05/kWh, ngelixa ngentsimbi yesi-5 emva kwemini, angaba yi-$0.35/kWh. Imodeli ye-AI ihlalutya ezi mpawu zamaxabiso kwaye icwangcise i-BESS ukuba itshaje xa umbane ungabizi kakhulu. Xa i-EV ifika ngexesha le-5 emva kwemini, isikhululo sisebenzisa umbane ophantsi ogcinwe kwi-BESS ukutshaja imoto, sithatha i-$0.30/kWh "njengenzuzo".

8.2 I-AI Optimization Loop: i-DQN kunye nokufunda kokuqinisa

Ngenxa yokuba ukufika kwe-EV kunye nokuveliswa kwelanga azinakuqikelelwa, ii-algorithms zemveli zokuphucula zihlala zingaphumeleli. Iiyunithi ze-EMS zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-Deep Q-Networks (DQN), uhlobo lwe-Reinforcement Learning. I-AI inikwa "uMsebenzi woMvuzo" onika amanqaku ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukonga imali kumbane wegridi.
• Ukugcina i-BESS ikwi-SoC esempilweni.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imoto ye-EV ifumana umbane ewucelileyo.

Kwiintsuku ezilinganisiweyo, i-AI ifunda icebo elifanelekileyo lendawo ethile, iqhelana neendlela zokuhamba kwezithuthi zasekuhlaleni kunye neemeko zemozulu ngaphandle kokungenelela komntu.

8.3 Ukuqikelela kunye nokudibanisa i-PV yelanga

Ukuba isikhululo sinelanga kwindawo yaso, i-AI isebenzisa idatha yemozulu yesathelayithi ukuqikelela ukuveliswa kwe-PV kwiiyure ezingama-24 ezizayo. Emva koko igqiba kwelokuba "ilahle" amandla elanga kwi-EV, iwagcine kwi-BESS ukuze kufike ixesha lokunyuka kwengxolo ebusuku, okanye (ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu ngokwaneleyo) iwathengise kwakhona kwigridi.

Isahluko 9: Ukhuseleko, iMigangatho, kunye noKhuseleko lweIntanethi

Njengoko izikhululo zokutshaja zisiba namandla aphezulu, iindawo zokufaka idatha ephezulu, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko zibaluleke kakhulu.

9.1 Ukuthintela Ukubaleka Kweentsholongwane Ezishushu: I-NFPA 855 kunye ne-UL 9540

Eyona nkxalabo iphambili yokhuseleko lwe-BESS yi-"Thermal Runaway"—i-chain reaction apho iseli engasebenziyo ivelisa ubushushu obubangela ukuba iiseli ezikufutshane zingasebenzi. Izikhongozeli zanamhlanje zakhiwe ngokwemigangatho ye-NFPA 855, kuquka:

• Ukufunyanwa kweGesi esebenzayo: Izinzwa ezinokubona iihydrocarbon ezithile ezikhutshwa yiseli engasebenzi kakuhle imizuzu ngaphambi kokuba umlilo uqale.
• Ucinezelo lwe-Aerosol: Iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokucima umlilo ezithintela umlilo ngamakhemikhali ngaphandle komngcipheko weesekethe ezimfutshane zombane.

9.2 Ukhuseleko lwe-Intanethi: Ukukhusela iGrid kunye neMoto

Isikhululo sokutshaja sibhuloho yedatha phakathi kwegridi yombane kunye nekhompyutha yesithuthi. Oku kuyenza ibe yindawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukuhlaselwa ngekhompyutha. Iprotokholi ethi “ISO 15118″ isebenzisa iPublic Key Infrastructure (PKI) kunye ne-TLS 1.3 encryption ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuxhawulana phakathi kwemoto kunye ne-BESS kukhuselekile. Ngaphezu koko, i-BESS EMS kufuneka iqiniswe nxamnye nohlaselo “lokuLawulwa koRhulumente”, apho umqhekezi angazama ukukhohlisa i-BESS ukuba ikhuphe itshaja ngesantya esiyingozi.

Isahluko 10: Imbono yeXesha elizayo: i-V2G, i-Solid-State BESS, kunye noQoqosho oluSijikelezileyo

Njengoko sijonge phambili ku-2030, inkqubo ye-BESS+EVSE iza kuqhubeka nokukhula.

10.1 Isithuthi-ukuya-kwiGridi (V2G) kunye neV2X

Kwihlabathi le-V2G, i-EV iba yi-BESS ehambayo. I-EV epakiweyo inokuthumela umbane kwakhona kwisikhululo ukuze incede ukutshaja ezinye iimoto okanye ukuxhasa igridi. I-BESS kwisikhululo isebenza njenge-"Aggregator" kunye "noMlawuli oyiNtloko," iququzelela amawaka ezithuthi ukubonelela ngenkxaso yegridi yesikali se-gigawatt.

10.2 Iikhemikhali zesizukulwana esilandelayo: iSolid-State kunye neSodium-Ion

Iibhetri ze-Solid-state zithembisa uxinano olukhulu lwamandla kunye nokungabikho komngcipheko womlilo, nto leyo ezenza zilungele izitishi zokutshaja zasezidolophini apho indawo incinci khona. Iibhetri ze-Sodium-ion, nangona zincinci kangako, zitshiphu ngama-30% kwaye zisebenzisa izinto ezininzi ezifana netyuwa endaweni ye-lithium, nto leyo eyenza "iGrid-Friendly Station" ibe nozinzo ngakumbi kwaye ikwazi ukumelana nezopolitiko.

Isiphelo: I-BESS njengoMniki-mandla wokuTshaja okuKhawulezayo okuZinzileyo

Ukuhlanganiswa kweeNkqubo zoLondolozo lwaMandla eBhetri kwiziseko zokutshaja ze-EV kubonisa utshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwindlela esilawula ngayo amandla okuhambisa. Ngokubonelela nge-buffer ngokuchasene nokungazinzi kwegridi, ukuvumela ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwiindawo ezixinzelelweyo ngamandla, kunye nokudala imithombo emitsha yengeniso nge-arbitrage eqhutywa yi-AI, i-BESS isombulula imingeni enzima kakhulu yobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho yotshintsho lwe-EV.

Njengoko izixhobo ze-elektroniki zamandla ziqhubeka ziphucuka kwaye iimodeli ze-AI ziba nobuchule ngakumbi, uyilo lwe-BESS+EVSE luya kusebenza njengomqolo wenethiwekhi yezothutho yehlabathi ezinzileyo, eguquguqukayo, nezinzileyo ngokwenene. Ikamva lokutshaja alikho nje malunga nocingo; limalunga nobukrelekrele, indawo yokugcina, kunye nobuhlobo begridi obusemva kwayo.

(Qaphela: Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamagama angaphezu kwama-6000, olu lwakhiwo lubonelela ngesiseko sobugcisa esinzulu. Isahluko ngasinye sinokwandiswa ngobungqina obuthile bezibalo ze-EKF, iidayagram zesekethe ezineenkcukacha ze-DAB converter, kunye nezifundo zetyala ezinamaphepha ali-10 kwizixeko ezithile. Umxholo apha wenzelwe ukuba ube sisalathiso sobugcisa esicacileyo soshishino.)

Isahluko 11: Isongezelelo soBugcisa obuPhambili: Ukufunyanwa kweMathematika koLawulo lweSakhelo se-dq kwi-BESS PCS

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo ukuchaneka kokuhlanganiswa kwe-BESS, umntu kufuneka aqonde ii-control loops ezilawula iPower Conversion System (PCS). I-PCS ngokuyintloko yi-inverter yomthombo we-voltage yesigaba sesithathu (VSI) ekufuneka ivumelanise ukuphuma kwayo kunye ne-grid frequency kunye nesigaba. Oku kufezekiswa nge-Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) kunye nolawulo lwe-dq vector.

11.1 Isakhelo seSingqinisiso esiHlanganisiweyo

Injongo yolawulo lwe-dq kukuguqula imisinga ye-AC etshintsha-tshintsha ixesha ibe yi-DC quantities. Siqala ngemisinga yesigaba esithathu $i_a$, $i_b$, kunye ne $i_c$. Sisebenzisa iClarke Transformation, sizidibanisa zibe yinkqubo ye-coordinate ye $\alpha-\beta$ engaguqukiyo: $$ i_\alpha = i_a $$ $$ i_\beta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(i_a + 2i_b) $$ Oku kwenza lula ezi zinto zintathu zibe zimbini. Okulandelayo, sisebenzisa iPark Transformation ukujikelezisa esi freyimu kwigridi frequency $\omega$: $$ i_d = i_\alpha \cos \theta + i_\beta \sin \theta $$ $$ i_q = -i_\alpha \sin \theta + i_\beta \cos \theta $$ Kule freyimu ejikelezayo, i-$i_d$ imele umsinga "osebenzayo" onoxanduva lokudluliselwa kwamandla, kwaye i-$i_q$ imele umsinga "osebenzayo" onoxanduva lokunxibelelana kwentsimi yemagnethi kunye nenkxaso yevolthi.

11.2 I-PI Control Loop kunye neMigqaliselo yokuQhagamshelanisa

Inkqubo yolawulo isebenzisa iiluphu ezimbini ezifakwe kwi-nest. Iluphu yangaphandle ilawula i-voltage yebhasi ye-DC (yokutshaja) okanye i-active power setpoint (yokukhupha). Iluphu yangaphakathi ilawula i-currents ye-$d$ kunye ne-$q$. Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho luzisa ukudibana okunqamlezileyo phakathi kwee-axes ze-$d$ kunye ne-$q$ (apho utshintsho kwi-$i_d$ luchaphazela i-$i_q$ kwaye ngokuchaseneyo), kufuneka sisebenzise amagama athi “Decoupling Feed-Forward”: $$ V_d = (K_p + \frac{K_i}{s})(i_{d\_ref} – i_d) – \omega L i_q + V_{grid\_d} $$ $$ V_q = (K_p + \frac{K_i}{s})(i_{q\_ref} – i_q) + \omega L i_d + V_{grid\_q} $$ Olu buchule bezibalo buvumela i-BESS ukuba inike impendulo ye-sub-cycle kwi-EV charging spikes, iqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage yegridi ihlala izinzile nokuba umthwalo we-350 kW usetyenziswa ngequbuliso.

Isahluko 12: I-BESS yokutshaja iinqanawa ezinzima: iilori, iibhasi kunye neendawo zokubeka iimoto

Nangona iimoto zabakhweli ziphambili kwiindaba, ukufakelwa kombane kwizithuthi ezinzima (ii-HDV) kuvelisa umngeni omkhulu kwigridi. Ilori enye yombane inokuba nebhetri ye-600 kWh ukuya kwi-1 MWh kwaye ifuna ukutshajwa kwe-megawatt-scale (iMegawatt Charging System, okanye i-MCS).

12.1 Iprofayili yoMthwalo weDepot

Indawo yokumisa iibhasi enamabhasi ombane angama-50 abuya ngentsimbi yesi-6:00 emva kwemini idala umthwalo we-5 MW ukuya kwi-10 MW. Ngaphandle kwe-BESS, oku kuya kufuna ukuphuculwa kwesitishi esincinci esikhethekileyo okuxabisa izigidi. Ngokufaka i-BESS ene-multi-MWh, indawo yokumisa iibhasi inokutshaja iibhasi ngokulandelelana okanye ngaxeshanye kwinqanaba lamandla eliphantsi, isebenzisa i-BESS ukulinganisela amandla.

12.2 Amaqhinga okuya kwiZithuthi ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla (V2D)

Iinqwelo zeHDV zibonelela ngethuba elikhethekileyo "loLawulo lweNtlalo." Ekubeni iishedyuli zeebhasi zinokuqikelelwa kakhulu, iBESS ingasebenzisa iibhasi ngokwayo njengendawo yokugcina izinto eyongezelelweyo. Ukuba ixabiso legridi linyuka ngentsimbi yesi-4:00 emva kwemini, iBESS ingatsala umbane kwiibhasi esele zigqibile iindlela zazo ukuze zinike amandla iofisi yedepho kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo umngcipheko wekhabhoni kunye nebhili yamandla kwindawo leyo.

Isahluko 13: I-Physics ye-Thermal Runaway kunye ne-Passive Mitigation kwi-BESS

Ukhuseleko kwi-BESS alukho nje kwizinto zokucima umlilo; lumalunga nefiziksi esisiseko yeeseli.

13.1 Indlela Esabela Ngayo Kwi-Thermal Runaway

Ukubaleka kobushushu kwenzeka xa i-internal short circuit (edla ngokubangelwa kukukhula kwe-dendrite okanye uxinzelelo loomatshini) ibangela ukuba ubushushu beseli bunyuke ngaphezu komda wayo obalulekileyo (ngesiqhelo yi-150°C kwi-NMC, ibe phezulu kwi-LFP). Kule ndawo, i-electrolyte iqala ukubola, ikhuphe iigesi ezivuthayo kunye neoksijini. Le oksijini ivuselela ubushushu ngakumbi, idale umlilo ozinzileyo.

13.2 Ukunciphisa Ulwakhiwo: Injongo "Yokungasasazeki"

Injongo yesikhongozeli seBESS esisemgangathweni ophezulu "yi-Non-Propagation" - ukuqinisekisa ukuba imodyuli enye engasebenziyo ayinakuvutha abamelwane bayo. Oku kufezekiswa ngoku:

• Iingubo ze-Intumescent: Iingubo ezingatshiyo ezikwiindonga zemodyuli ezikhula xa zifudunyezwa ukuze zibonelele ngobushushu.
• Iitshaneli zokungenisa umoya: “Iitshimini zegesi” ezikhethekileyo ezikhokela iigesi ezishushu nezivuthayo kude nezinye iimodyuli ziye ngaphandle kwesikhongozeli.
• Ukupholisa Ulwelo Njengesinki Yobushushu: Kwimeko apho inkqubo yokupholisa ulwelo ingatshintshwa iye kwimowudi ethi “Full Flow”, kusetyenziswa i-coolant ukufunxa ubushushu obuninzi kangangoko kwimodyuli engasebenziyo ukuyithintela ukuba ingafikeleli kubushushu obungalawulekiyo beeseli ezisecaleni kwayo.

Isahluko 14: Ukuntywila okunzulu kwiHardware: iSiC vs. iGaN kwiHigh-Power BESS+EVSE

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-semiconductor kuchaza ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobukhulu bezixhobo ze-elektroniki zamandla.

14.1 I-Silicon Carbide (i-SiC): I-800V King

IiSiC MOSFET zine-bandgap ebanzi kakhulu kuneSilicon yendabuko, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokusingatha ii-voltage eziphezulu (1200V-1700V) ezine-"On-Resistance" ephantsi kakhulu. Oku kuzenza zibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiibhasi ze-800V DC ezifumaneka kwiindawo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo zanamhlanje. I-SiC inciphisa ilahleko zokutshintsha nge-80%, nto leyo ethetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ziphantsi kobushushu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezincinci.

14.2 Gallium Nitride (GaN): Ingcali yesantya

Iitransistors zeGaN zine-"Electron Mobility" ephezulu nangakumbi kuneSiC, nto leyo evumela ukuba zitshintshele kwiifrequencies zeMegahertz (MHz). Nangona okwangoku zilinganiselwe kwiivolthi eziphantsi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-650V), iGaN iqala ukubonakala kwi-"Auxiliary Power Supplies" zezikhululo zokutshaja—iiconverters ezincinci ezinika amandla izikrini, abalawuli be-AI, kunye neemodyuli zonxibelelwano. Ngokusebenzisa iGaN, ezi nkqubo zokuncedisa zinokwenziwa zibe ncinci ngama-90%, zishiya indawo engaphezulu kwi-dispenser yezigaba zeDC-DC ezinamandla aphezulu.

Isahluko 15: ISO 15118-20: Ulwimi lweDijithali lweGridi yexesha elizayo

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-EV kunye netshaja edityanisiweyo ye-BESS lulawulwa ngumgangatho we-ISO 15118. Inguqulelo yamva nje, i--20, linyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili.

15.1 Ukubhala ikhowudi kwi-XML nakwi-EXI

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana, imiyalezo ifomathiwe kwi-XML. Nangona kunjalo, i-XML "ithetha kakhulu" kwaye icotha ukudluliselwa ngePower Line Communication (PLC) esetyenziswa ekutshajeni. I-ISO 15118-20 isebenzisa "i-Efficient XML Interchange" (EXI) ukucinezela le miyalezo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10x, ivumela imoto kunye netshaja ukuba zitshintshiselane "ngeeProfayili zokutshaja" ezintsonkothileyo kwi-milliseconds.

15.2 Ulawulo lwaMandla oluMabini (BPT)

I-ISO 15118-20 ichaza imiyalezo "ye-BPT" evumela i-AI yesitishi ukuba icele umbane emotweni. Imoto ingathumela "uMbane wayo wokukhupha" kunye "ne-SoC yayo yokuHamba efunekayo." I-BESS EMS emva koko ibala "iShedyuli" eqinisekisa ukuba imoto inika inkxaso yegridi ngaphandle kokushiya umqhubi enebhetri engenanto xa kufuneka aye ekhaya.

Isahluko 16: Isifundo seTyala lezoQoqosho: I-ROI ye-BESS+EVSE Hub kwiMarike ye-ToU

Makhe sijonge amanani e-4-bay 350 kW hub eCalifornia:

• Umthwalo weSayithi ngaphandle kweBESS: 1.4 MW incopho. Iindleko zemfuno: $25/kW = $35,000 ngenyanga.
• Umthwalo wesiza nge-1.5 MWh BESS: 250 kW. Iindleko zemfuno: $6,250 ngenyanga.
• Imali egciniweyo yenyanga: $28,750.
• Ixabiso le-BESS (Lifakiwe): $600,000.
• Ixesha lokuhlawula: Iinyanga ezingama-21.

Olu balo alubandakanyi nengeniso evela kwi-“Energy Arbitrage” (ehlawulisa i-BESS nge-solar kwi-$0.08/kWh kwaye iyithengise kwi-EVs kwi-$0.45/kWh) okanye kwi-“Carbon Credits” (iikhredithi ze-LCFS eCalifornia). Xa ezi zongezwa, ixesha lokubuyisela imali linokwehla liye ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-18, nto leyo eyenza ii-BESS+EVSE hubs zibe lolunye lotyalo-mali olunengeniso kakhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Isahluko 17: Uluhlu lwamagama obuchwephesha

• I-PCS (Inkqubo yoGuqulo lwaMandla): I-inverter ebhekisa kwicala ngalinye elawula ukuhamba phakathi kwebhetri kunye negridi.
• I-SoC (Imeko yeNtlawulo): Ipesenti yamandla aseleyo ebhetrini.
• I-SoH (Imeko yezeMpilo): Umthamo wangoku webhetri xa uthelekiswa nomthamo wayo wokuqala.
• I-DAB (iBhulorho eSebenzayo kabini): I-topology ye-DC-DC converter esebenza kakuhle esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umbane.
• Ukucheba okuPhezulu: Umkhwa wokusebenzisa amandla agciniweyo ukunciphisa amandla aphezulu atsalwa kwigridi.
• I-V2G (Isithuthi ukusuka kwiGridi ukuya kwiMoto): Itekhnoloji evumela isithuthi sombane ukuba sithumele amandla kwakhona kwigridi.
• I-LFP (iLithium Iron Phosphate): Ikhemikhali yebhetri eyaziwa ngokhuseleko lwayo oluphezulu kunye nobomi bayo bomjikelo.
• I-SiC (iSilicon Carbide): I-semiconductor ene-bandgap ebanzi esetyenziselwa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.

Isiphelo: Ikamva Elidibeneyo

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BESS kwiziseko zokutshaja ze-EV akusiyonto nje yokuphucula ubuchwephesha; lutshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela esicinga ngayo "isikhululo sokuzalisa." Ngokuguqula isikhululo sibe yi-microgrid ekrelekrele, ephendula kwigridi, sisombulula ingxaki ye-EV: ukuba isithuthi esiluhlaza siluhlaza kuphela kwaye sithembekile njengegridi eyinika amandla. Ngokudibana kwe-SiC power electronics, i-LFP/Sodium-Ion storage, kunye nolawulo lwamandla oluqhutywa yi-AI, sakha inkqubo yothutho ekhawulezayo, eguquguqukayo ngakumbi, kwaye enobuhlobo negridi ngokwenene.

Ixesha "letshaja engenamsebenzi" liphelile. Ixesha "leSmart Energy Hub" liqalile.

Isahluko 18: Ukulinganisa iGridi ePhambili kunye nokuModeli: Ukuyila iHub yeKamva

Ukuze basebenzise isikhululo seBESS+EVSE ngempumelelo, iinjineli kufuneka kuqala bakhe i-“Digital Twin” ethembekileyo kakhulu ukuze ilinganise ukusebenza kwesikhululo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zegridi. Oku kubandakanya ukumodela okuntsonkothileyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana neMATLAB/Simulink, iPython (Pandapower), kunye nesoftware ekhethekileyo yokumodela igridi efana nePSS/E.

18.1 IiSimulations zaseMonte Carlo zokuFika kwe-EV

Eyona nto ingaziwayo kuyilo lwesitishi sokutshaja yindlela abantu abaziphethe ngayo. Iinjineli zisebenzisa iindlela zokulinganisa iMonte Carlo ukuze zibonise amawaka eemeko zokufika kwe-EV "ngokungacwangciswanga".

• Iinguqu: Umthamo webhetri (kWh), iSoC yangoku xa ifika, yayifuna iSoC xa isuka, kunye nokukwazi ukutshaja ngesantya (400V vs 800V).
• Imveliso: "Umsebenzi woBuninzi boMngcipheko" (PDF) womthwalo wesitishi. Le datha ifakwa kwi-algorithm yokulinganisa ubungakanani be-BESS ukuze kuchongwe ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi komthamo webhetri (kWh) kunye namandla e-PCS (kW).

18.2 Impembelelo kwiZibonelelo zoSasazo

Ihabhu yokutshaja enamandla aphezulu idla ngokuba sekupheleni kwesixhobo sokuhambisa umbane esinde. Sisebenzisa indlela ethi “Newton-Raphson” yohlalutyo lokuhamba kwamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba iincopho zesikhululo azibangeli ukuba i-voltage ye-feeder yehle ngaphantsi kwemida eyamkelekileyo (ngesiqhelo +/- 5% ye-nominal). I-BESS ibekwe kwindawo ye-common coupling (PCC), apho inokusebenza kwi-feeder ngexesha langempela. Ngexesha lesiganeko sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, i-PCS (Power Conversion System) ye-BESS ifaka okanye ifunxa amandla asebenzayo ukuze ibambe i-voltage ngaphakathi kwe-+/- 5% band, ngelixa amandla ayo e-elektroniki aphendula ngokukhawuleza ethomalalisa ukuwohloka kwe-voltage ebekuya kusasazeka kubathengi abakufutshane. Iziphumo zokuhamba kwamandla e-Newton-Raphson zikhokela ukhetho olubalulekileyo loyilo: amandla ebhetri afunekayo ukuvala ukungenisa okuphezulu kwendawo kumda wobushushu we-feeder, kunye nomgangatho we-PCS ofunekayo ukunika inkxaso esabelayo ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla afunekayo ekutshajeni.

Olu vavanyo lukwaqinisekisa ulandelelwano "lokuqala okuthambileyo": xa kuqikelelwa ukuba isiganeko esilandelayo sokutshaja sesitishi sitshajwa, i-BESS iqala ukukhupha itshaja ngaphambi kokuba isiganeko siqale, ngoko ke i-feeder ibona i-ramp egudileyo endaweni yokutshintsha kwenyathelo. Olu lwakhiwo oluqikelelayo - oluvunyiwe ziimodeli zokufika zeMonte Carlo zecandelo elidlulileyo - lugcina iprofayili ye-voltage ye-feeder yosasazo ithambile imini yonke, nangona iiseshoni ezilishumi elinesibini ze-350kW zivutha ngokukhawuleza.

Uhlalutyo lovakalelo lubaluleke kakhulu njengemeko esisiseko.Akukho qikelelo lugqibeleleyo, ngoko ke iinjineli ziphinda zisebenzise imodeli yokuhamba kwamandla kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo: ukuqhuma kokufika kwe-90th-percentile, itshaja engaphumelelanga ehambisa umthwalo kwiindawo ezikufutshane, kunye nempembelelo yolwahlulo olutsha olongezwe kwi-feeder efanayo. Ingqiqo yolawulo lwe-BESS emva koko ilungiswa ukuze ihlale izinzile phantsi kodibaniso olubi kakhulu, kungekuphela nje kosuku oluphakathi. Lo ngumahluko phakathi koqheliso lokulinganisa kunye noyilo olusindayo ekudibaneni nenyani - kwaye yingakho ii-CPO ezinkulu zigxininisa kwizifundo zokuhamba kwamandla ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba zivume nayiphi na indawo enamandla aphezulu.

18.3 UkuQokelela kwiSiqithi, Amandla oGcino, kunye neResilient Hub

Ezi simulations zifanayo ezikhusela i-feeder zikwavula eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwisikhululo: ukusebenza kwe-islanded true. Xa i-grid fault iphazamisa i-upstream breaker, i-BESS iyayikhupha isikhululo kwi-grid (ukhuseleko lokulwa ne-islanding) kwaye iyinike amandla kwakhona kwi-island mode, igcina iitshaja ziphila ngamandla agciniweyo. Kwi-highway corridor elahlekelwa ngumbane we-grid, i-BESS-backed hub iba yindawo yokutshaja esebenza kuphela kwiimayile - umahluko wokuqina oomasipala kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ababhala ngakumbi kwiimfuno zokuthenga.

Ubungakanani bokumelana nobunzima bulandela indlela efanayo yokumisela imodeli: ifestile yogcino (ngesiqhelo iiyure ezi-2-6 zokutshaja kwamandla ancitshisiweyo), amandla amancinci okutshaja afunekayo ukukhonza imoto yongxamiseko, kunye nendlela yokuphinda utshaje yokugcina amandla elanga zonke ziqinisekiswa kwi-simulation ngaphambi kokuba kuchazwe icandelo elinye.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Uhlalutyo lokuhamba kwamandla (iNewton-Raphson) luqinisekisa amandla e-BESS okugcina i-voltage ye-feeder ngaphakathi kwe-+/- 5% ngexesha leziganeko zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
• Imodeli yokufika yaseMonte Carlo yondla i-algorithm yokulinganisa ubungakanani beBESS, ilinganisela ibhetri i-kWh kwi-PCS kW.
• "Ukuqalisa okuthambileyo" okuxelwayo kugcina iindlela zokuphakela zigudile kwaye kukhusela abathengi abakufutshane.
• Ukusebenza kwe-isliced ​​kuguqula i-charging hub ibe yi-microgrid eqinileyo - imfuneko ekhulayo yokuthenga.

Uqhagamshelwano lweMIDA Power luyila ii-hubs zokutshaja ezidityaniswe neBESS ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni — ukusuka kwinkxaso yokulinganisa kunye nobukhulu bePCS ukuya kwiitshaja ezipholileyo kunye neekhabhathi zokugcina izinto ngokwazo. Ukuze ufumane isikhokelo sobunjineli, amaphepha edatha obuchwephesha, okanye ikowuteshini yesiza sakho, nxibelelana neqela lethu namhlanje.