Imigangatho yoqinisekiso ekufuneka iimfumba zokutshaja zaseTshayina zithobele xa zithunyelwa eYurophu

Imigangatho yoqinisekiso ekufuneka iimfumba zokutshaja zaseTshayina zithobele xa zithunyelwa eYurophu

Xa kuthelekiswa neTshayina, uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja eYurophu naseMelika lusemva. Idatha yezokhuseleko ibonisa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2022, umlinganiselo we-China weendawo zokutsalwa kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke kwi-7.3, ngelixa amanani ahambelanayo e-United States naseYurophu ayengama-23.1 kunye ne-12.7 ngokulandelelana. Oku kubonisa umsantsa obonakalayo kumlinganiselo ekujoliswe kuwo we-1:1.

Uqikelelo olusekwe ekukhuleni kwentengiso yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, amaxabiso okungena, kunye nokuncipha konyaka kumlinganiselo wesithuthi ukuya kwitshaja ukuya kwi-1: 1 kubonisa ukuba ukusuka ku-2023 ukuya ku-2030, amazinga okukhula onyaka okukhula kweendawo zokutshaja zoluntu eTshayina, eYurophu, nase-US ziya kufikelela kwi-34.2%, 13.0%, kunye ne-44.2% ngokulandelanayo. Njengoko imfuno yamanqaku okutshaja kwimarike yaseYurophu isanda ngokuthe chu, amathuba abalulekileyo okuthumela ngaphandle akhoyo akhoyo.

Njengenkokeli yehlabathi ekuhlawulisweni kwezixhobo zokusebenza, abavelisi bezikhululo zokutshaja zaseTshayina baqalisile ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle eYurophu. Idatha yefemu yokhuseleko ibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-30,000 yezikhululo zokutshaja-ezibandakanya zombini iimodeli ze-AC kunye ne-DC-zithunyelwe ngaphandle ukusuka e-China ukuya eYurophu. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimveliso zokutshaja ezenziwe eTshayina zifumana ukunakanwa kwimarike yaseYurophu kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zandisa isabelo sazo semarike.

Ukuba uceba ukungena kwimarike yeziseko ezingundoqo ezihlawulisayo zaseYurophu, ukuthobela imigangatho yesatifikethi yaseYurophu yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Apha ngezantsi yimigangatho yesatifikethi ekufuneka uyiqonde, kunye neenkcukacha zayo ezithile kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noko:

1. Isiqinisekiso seCE:Isebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane, esi sisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko esisisinyanzelo kwiManyano yaseYurophu. Umgangatho ubandakanya ukhuseleko lombane, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic, i-Low Voltage Directive, kunye neminye imiba. Iindleko zesatifikethi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso kunye nobunzima. Ngokwesiqhelo, imirhumo yesiqinisekiso se-CE ibandakanya iindleko zovavanyo, iifizi zokuphonononga amaxwebhu, kunye neentlawulo zenkonzo yequmrhu lezatifikethi. Iintlawulo zokuvavanya zigqitywa ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwangempela lwemveliso, ngelixa iifizi zokuphononongwa kwamaxwebhu zivavanywa ngokumalunga noviwo lwamaxwebhu emveliso kunye neefayile zobugcisa. Iintlawulo zenkonzo yequmrhu lokuqinisekisa ziyahluka phakathi kwemibutho, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-£ 30,000 ukuya kwi-£ 50,000, kunye nexesha lokucubungula malunga neenyanga ezi-2-3 (ngaphandle kwamaxesha okulungisa).

2. Isiqinisekiso se-RoHS:Isebenza kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane neze-elektroniki, esi sisiqinisekiso esisinyanzelo sokusingqongileyo ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Lo mgangatho uthintela umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi kwiimveliso, ezifana nelothe, imekyuri, i-cadmium, kunye ne-hexavalent chromium. Iindleko zesatifikethi nazo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso kunye nobunzima. Imirhumo yesiqinisekiso se-RoHS ngokubanzi ibandakanya uhlalutyo lwezinto, uvavanyo lwaselabhoratri, kunye neentlawulo zokuphononongwa kwamaxwebhu. Iintlawulo zokuhlalutya izinto eziphathekayo zigqiba umxholo wezinto eziphathekayo ngaphakathi kwemveliso, ngelixa iintlawulo zovavanyo lwebhubhoratri zivavanya amanqanaba ezinto ezithintelweyo. Imirhumo yokuphonononga amaxwebhu igqitywe ngokuhlolwa kwamaxwebhu emveliso kunye neefayile zobugcisa, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-¥50,000 ukuya kwi-¥200,000, kunye nexesha lokucubungula malunga neeveki ezi-2-3 (ngaphandle kwamaxesha okulungisa).

3. Isiqinisekiso se-TUV:Ikhutshwe ngumbutho waseJamani iTUV Rheinland, yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwiimarike zaseYurophu. Lo mgangatho woqinisekiso ubandakanya ukhuseleko lwemveliso, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo, kunye neminye imiba. Iindleko zesatifikethi ziyohluka ngokwequmrhu loqinisekiso kunye nomgangatho, kunye nemirhumo yohlaziyo yonyaka ekholisa ukuba yi ¥20,000.

4. Isiqinisekiso se-EN:Qaphela ukuba i-EN ayisiso isatifikethi kodwa ngummiselo; I-EN imele imigangatho. Kuphela emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo lwe-EN apho uphawu lwe-CE lunokugxunyekwa, luvumela ukuthunyelwa kwi-EU. I-EN iseka imigangatho yemveliso, kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana nemigangatho ye-EN eyahlukeneyo. Ukuphumelela uvavanyo lomgangatho okhethekileyo we-EN ikwabonisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zesatifikethi se-CE, yiloo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba sisiqinisekiso se-EN. Isebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane, zenza umgangatho wesatifikethi sokhuseleko sombane waseYurophu. Lo mgangatho wesatifikethi ubandakanya ukhuseleko lombane, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic, i-Low Voltage Directive, kunye neminye imiba. Iindleko zesatifikethi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiqumrhu lezatifiketi kunye neprojekthi ethile. Ngokwesiqhelo, iindleko zesatifikethi se-EN ziquka iifizi zoqeqesho ezinxulumeneyo, iintlawulo zovavanyo, kunye neefizi zesiqinisekiso, ngokubanzi ukusukela kwi-£2,000 ukuya kwi-£5,000.

Ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinempembelelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nequmrhu lezatifiketi ezifanelekileyo okanye uqhagamshelane nearhente yoqinisekiso lobuchwephesha ngolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nesatifikethi seCE, isatifikethi seRoHS, TÜV, kunye neendleko zesiqinisekiso se-EN.