Izindinganiso zokuqinisekisa okudingeka zilandelwe yizinqwaba zokushaja zaseShayina lapho zithunyelwa eYurophu

Izindinganiso zokuqinisekisa okudingeka zilandelwe yizinqwaba zokushaja zaseShayina lapho zithunyelwa eYurophu

Uma kuqhathaniswa neShayina, intuthuko yengqalasizinda yokushaja eYurophu nase-United States isalele emuva. Idatha yezokuphepha ikhombisa ukuthi ekupheleni kuka-2022, isilinganiso sezindawo zokushaja zomphakathi zaseShayina uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto sasingu-7.3, kanti izibalo ezifanayo zase-United States naseYurophu zazingu-23.1 kanye no-12.7 ngokulandelana. Lokhu kumelela igebe elikhulu kusukela kusilinganiso esiqondiwe esingu-1:1.

Ukuqagela okusekelwe ekukhuleni kokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, amazinga okungena, kanye nokwehla kwaminyaka yonke kwesilinganiso semoto neshaja kuya ku-1:1 kubonisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2030, amazinga okukhula kwaminyaka yonke okuthengiswa kwamaphuzu okushaja omphakathi eShayina, eYurophu, nase-US azofinyelela ku-34.2%, 13.0%, kanye no-44.2% ngokulandelana. Njengoba isidingo samaphuzu okushaja emakethe yaseYurophu sikhula kancane kancane, kukhona amathuba amakhulu okuthumela ngaphandle ingqalasizinda yokushaja.

Njengomholi womhlaba wonke ekukhiqizeni imishini yokushaja, abakhiqizi beziteshi zokushaja baseShayina baqale ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe eYurophu. Imininingwane yenkampani yezokuphepha ikhombisa ukuthi iziteshi zokushaja ezingaphezu kuka-30,000—ezihlanganisa amamodeli e-AC kanye ne-DC—zithunyelwe eYurophu zivela eShayina. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yokushaja eyenziwe eShayina iyaqashelwa emakethe yaseYurophu futhi yandisa kancane kancane isabelo sayo semakethe.

Uma uhlela ukungena emakethe yengqalasizinda yokushaja yaseYurophu, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zesitifiketi zaseYurophu kubaluleke kakhulu. Nazi izindinganiso zesitifiketi okudingeka uziqonde, kanye nemininingwane yazo ethile kanye nezindleko ezihlobene nazo:

1. Isitifiketi se-CE:Kusebenza kuzo zonke izinto zikagesi, lesi isitifiketi sokuphepha esiyimpoqo ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Indinganiso ihlanganisa ukuphepha kukagesi, ukuhambisana kukagesi, i-Low Voltage Directive, nezinye izici. Izindleko zesitifiketi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nobunzima. Ngokuvamile, izimali zesitifiketi se-CE zifaka izindleko zokuhlola, izimali zokubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti, kanye nezindleko zesevisi yenhlangano yesitifiketi. Izimali zokuhlola ngokuvamile zinqunywa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni komkhiqizo wangempela, kuyilapho izimali zokubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti zihlolwa ngokuya ngokuhlolwa kwamadokhumenti omkhiqizo kanye namafayela obuchwepheshe. Izimali zesevisi yenhlangano yesitifiketi ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlangano, ngokuvamile zisukela ku-£30,000 kuya ku-£50,000, nesikhathi sokucubungula esingaba yizinyanga ezi-2-3 (ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokulungisa).

2. Isitifiketi se-RoHS:Kusebenza kuyo yonke imikhiqizo kagesi neye-elekthronikhi, lesi isitifiketi semvelo esiyimpoqo ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Lesi simiso sikhawulela okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi emikhiqizweni, njenge-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, kanye ne-hexavalent chromium. Izindleko zesitifiketi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nobunzima. Izimali zesitifiketi se-RoHS ngokuvamile zifaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwezinto, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, kanye nezindleko zokubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti. Izimali zokuhlaziywa kwezinto zinquma okuqukethwe kwezinto ezingaphakathi komkhiqizo, kuyilapho izimali zokuhlolwa kwelebhu zihlola amazinga ezinto ezingavunyelwe. Izimali zokubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti zinqunywa ngokuhlolwa kwamadokhumenti omkhiqizo namafayela obuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile asukela ku-¥50,000 kuya ku-¥200,000, nesikhathi sokucubungula esingamaviki angu-2-3 (ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokulungisa).

3. Isitifiketi se-TUV:Ikhishwe yinhlangano yaseJalimane i-TUV Rheinland, yamukelwa kabanzi ezimakethe zaseYurophu. Le nqubo yokuqinisekisa ihlanganisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kwemvelo, nezinye izici. Izindleko zokuqinisekisa ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngenhlangano yokuqinisekisa kanye nezinga, kanti izimali zokuvuselela zonyaka zivame ukuba yi-¥20,000.

4. Isitifiketi se-EN:Qaphela ukuthi i-EN akuyona isitifiketi kodwa umthethonqubo; i-EN imele amazinga. Kuphela ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa kwe-EN lapho uphawu lwe-CE lunganamatheliswa khona, okuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-EU. I-EN isungula amazinga omkhiqizo, ngemikhiqizo ehlukene ehambisana namazinga ahlukene e-EN. Ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwendinganiso ethile ye-EN kusho nokuhambisana nezidingo zesitifiketi se-CE, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi isitifiketi se-EN. Isebenza kuzo zonke izinto zikagesi, yakha indinganiso yesitifiketi sokuphepha kagesi yaseYurophu. Le ndinganiso yesitifiketi ihlanganisa ukuphepha kukagesi, ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic, i-Low Voltage Directive, nezinye izici. Izindleko zesitifiketi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngendikimba yesitifiketi kanye nephrojekthi ethile. Ngokuvamile, izindleko zesitifiketi se-EN zihlanganisa izimali zokuqeqesha ezihambisanayo, izindleko zokuhlola, kanye nemali yesitifiketi, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-£2,000 kuya ku-£5,000.

Ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene ezithonyayo, kungcono ukuxhumana nenhlangano efanele yesitifiketi noma uxhumane ne-ejensi yobuchwepheshe yesitifiketi ukuthola ulwazi olunembile mayelana nesitifiketi se-CE, isitifiketi se-RoHS, i-TÜV, kanye nezindleko zesitifiketi se-EN.