Imigangatho yesatifikethi ekufuneka ilandelwe ziinqwaba zokutshaja zaseTshayina xa zithunyelwa eYurophu

Imigangatho yesatifikethi ekufuneka ilandelwe ziinqwaba zokutshaja zaseTshayina xa zithunyelwa eYurophu

Xa kuthelekiswa neTshayina, uphuhliso lweziseko zokutshaja eYurophu nase-United States lusemva kakhulu. Idatha yezemali ibonisa ukuba ekupheleni kuka-2022, umlinganiselo weendawo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke eTshayina kwizithuthi wawumi kwi-7.3, ngelixa amanani ahambelanayo e-United States naseYurophu ayeyi-23.1 kunye ne-12.7 ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kubonisa umsantsa omkhulu kumlinganiselo ekujoliswe kuwo we-1:1.

Iingxelo ezisekelwe ekukhuleni kokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, amazinga okungena, kunye nokwehla konyaka komlinganiselo wesithuthi ukuya kwitshaja ukuya kwi-1:1 zibonisa ukuba ukususela ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2030, amazinga okukhula konyaka adibeneyo okuthengiswa kweendawo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke eTshayina, eYurophu, nase-US aza kufikelela kwi-34.2%, 13.0%, kunye ne-44.2% ngokwahlukeneyo. Njengoko imfuno yeendawo zokutshaja kwimarike yaseYurophu ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kukho amathuba amakhulu okuthumela ngaphandle iziseko zokutshaja.

Njengenkokeli yehlabathi ekwenzeni izixhobo zokutshaja, abavelisi bezikhululo zokutshaja baseTshayina baqalise ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe eYurophu. Idatha yenkampani yezemali ibonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwezikhululo zokutshaja ezingama-30,000—eziquka zombini iimodeli ze-AC kunye ne-DC—zithunyelwe eYurophu zivela eTshayina. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimveliso zokutshaja ezenziwe eTshayina ziyaqatshelwa kwimarike yaseYurophu kwaye ziyanda ngokuthe chu isabelo sazo semarike.

Ukuba uceba ukungena kwimarike yeziseko zophuhliso zokutshaja zaseYurophu, ukuthobela imigangatho yesatifikethi saseYurophu kubaluleke kakhulu. Apha ngezantsi kukho imigangatho yesatifikethi ekufuneka uyiqonde, kunye neenkcukacha zayo ezithile kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nayo:

1. Isiqinisekiso se-CE:Isebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane, esi sisiqinisekiso sokhuseleko esinyanzelekileyo kwi-European Union. Umgangatho ugubungela ukhuseleko lombane, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic, i-Low Voltage Directive, kunye nezinye izinto. Iindleko zesatifikethi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso kunye nobunzima. Ngokwesiqhelo, iintlawulo zesatifikethi se-CE ziquka iindleko zovavanyo, iintlawulo zophononongo lwamaxwebhu, kunye neentlawulo zenkonzo yequmrhu lesatifikethi. Iintlawulo zovavanyo zihlala zimiselwa ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwemveliso yokwenyani, ngelixa iintlawulo zophononongo lwamaxwebhu zivavanywa ngokujonga amaxwebhu emveliso kunye neefayile zobugcisa. Iintlawulo zenkonzo yequmrhu lesatifikethi ziyahluka phakathi kwemibutho, zihlala ziqala kwi-£30,000 ukuya kwi-£50,000, kunye nexesha lokucubungula elimalunga neenyanga ezi-2-3 (ngaphandle kwexesha lokulungisa).

2. Isiqinisekiso seRoHS:Isebenza kuzo zonke iimveliso zombane neze-elektroniki, esi sisiqinisekiso esinyanzelekileyo sokusingqongileyo ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Lo mgangatho uthintela umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi kwiimveliso, ezifana ne-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, kunye ne-hexavalent chromium. Iindleko zesatifikethi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso kunye nobunzima. Iintlawulo zesatifikethi se-RoHS ngokubanzi ziquka uhlalutyo lwezinto, uvavanyo lwelabhoratri, kunye neentlawulo zokuphononongwa kwamaxwebhu. Iintlawulo zohlalutyo lwezinto zimisela umxholo wezinto ezikwimveliso, ngelixa iintlawulo zovavanyo lwelabhoratri zivavanya amanqanaba ezinto ezingavumelekanga. Iintlawulo zophononongo lwamaxwebhu zimiselwa ngokuhlolwa kwamaxwebhu emveliso kunye neefayile zobugcisa, zihlala ziqala kwi-¥50,000 ukuya kwi-¥200,000, kunye nexesha lokucubungula elimalunga neeveki ezi-2-3 (ngaphandle kwexesha lokulungisa).

3. Isiqinisekiso se-TUV:Ikhutshwe yintlangano yaseJamani iTUV Rheinland, yamkelwe kakhulu kwiimarike zaseYurophu. Lo mgangatho wokuqinisekiswa ugubungela ukhuseleko lwemveliso, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kokusingqongileyo, kunye nezinye izinto. Iindleko zokuqinisekiswa ziyahluka ngokwequmrhu lokuqinisekiswa kunye nomgangatho, kunye neentlawulo zokuhlaziya zonyaka zihlala zifikelela kwi-¥20,000.

4. Isiqinisekiso se-EN:Qaphela ukuba i-EN ayisosiqinisekiso kodwa ngumgaqo; i-EN imele imigangatho. Kuphela emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo lwe-EN apho uphawu lwe-CE lunokuncamathiselwa khona, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthunyelwa kwi-EU. I-EN imisela imigangatho yemveliso, ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezihambelana nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-EN. Ukuphumelela uvavanyo lomgangatho othile we-EN kuthetha ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zesatifikethi se-CE, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa sisatifikethi se-EN. Isebenza kuzo zonke izixhobo zombane, yenza umgangatho wesatifikethi sokhuseleko lombane waseYurophu. Lo mgangatho wesatifikethi ugubungela ukhuseleko lombane, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic, i-Low Voltage Directive, kunye nezinye izinto. Iindleko zesatifikethi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiqumrhu lesatifikethi kunye neprojekthi ethile. Ngokwesiqhelo, iindleko zesatifikethi se-EN ziquka iifizi zoqeqesho ezinxulumeneyo, iintlawulo zovavanyo, kunye neefizi zesatifikethi, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-£2,000 ukuya kwi-£5,000.

Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezinefuthe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nequmrhu elifanelekileyo lesatifikethi okanye uqhagamshelane nearhente yoqinisekiso yobungcali ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nesatifikethi se-CE, isatifikethi se-RoHS, i-TÜV, kunye neendleko zesatifikethi se-EN.