Imboni Yamabhethri E-EV yaseNingizimu Afrika: Ubukhosi Bezimbiwa Nokubambisana NeShayina

Ukuvula Umngcele Oluhlaza: Ukuhlaziywa Okubanzi Kwesu Lemboni Yebhethri Le-EV Ephuthumayo YaseNingizimu Afrika, Ubukhosi Bemithombo Yezimbiwa, Izisusa Zenqubomgomo Ye-APDP, kanye Nokujulisa Ukusebenzisana Kwezobuchwepheshe Nezinkampani ZaseShayina Zokufaka Ugesi Ezwenikazi

Isingeniso: I-Strategic Nexus yaseNingizimu Afrika

Isimo sezimoto emhlabeni wonke sibhekene noshintsho olukhulu, oludweba kabusha amamephu okuxhomekeka kwamandla ezimboni kanye nezinsizakusebenza. Njengoba umhlaba ushintsha kusuka enjinini yokushisa yangaphakathi (ICE) kuya ekuqhumeni kukagesi, ukugqanyiswa kuye kwehla kakhulu “kuMinerals Eluhlaza” enika amandla lolu guquko. Kulesi simo, iNingizimu Afrika imi endaweni ehlukile yomlando. Njengoba isikhathi eside yayaziwa njenge-titan yezimayini zendabuko, isizwe manje sizivuselela kabusha njengendawo ebalulekile eketangeni lokuhlinzekwa kwamabhethri e-Electric Vehicle (EV) emhlabeni jikelele.

Isifiso seNingizimu Afrika akusikho nje ukuhlala ithumela kwamanye amazwe i-ore eluhlaza kodwa ukukhuphula uchungechunge lwenani, luguquke lube yisikhungo sokukhiqizwa kwebhethri, ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli, futhi ekugcineni, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-EV okugcwele. Lolu shintsho lusekelwe ukuhlangana kwezici: ukunikezwa kwezimbiwa okumangalisayo, ifa eliqinile lokukhiqiza izimoto, kanye nesibopho esibalulekile sokususa i-carbon ngaphansi kwemiyalelo yesimo sezulu somhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambisana okujulile neShayina—umholi ongaphikiswana emhlabeni kwezobuchwepheshe be-EV—kuveza ithuba lokubambisana lokweqa izithiyo zentuthuko nokuqinisekisa isikhundla esiphambili ezimakethe zase-Afrika nezasemhlabeni jikelele.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwesu elinezici eziningi iNingizimu Afrika elisebenzisayo ukukhulisa imboni yayo yamabhethri e-EV. Sizohlola izisekelo zejiyoloji zengcebo yayo yezimbiwa, izakhiwo zokulawula ze-Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP), izici zezombusazwe zokubambisana kwe-Sino-Afrika, kanye namaphrojekthi anombono ahlose ukukhanyisa izwekazi lase-Afrika elikhulu. Ngokuhlola izingozi kanye nemivuzo etholakala kulolu hambo, siqokomisa indlela iNingizimu Afrika ezibeka ngayo “njengeBhetri Eliluhlaza lase-Afrika.”

Isahluko 1: Ushintsho Lwezezwe – INingizimu Afrika Kuhlelo Lomhlaba Lwamandla Asha

Ukushintshela kumandla ahlanzekile kuyisenzakalo sezombusazwe njengoba kunjalo nangobuchwepheshe. Ekhulwini lama-20, uwoyela wawuchaza amandla ezizwe; ngekhulu lama-21, yi-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel, ne-manganese. INingizimu Afrika, njengomnotho othuthuke kakhulu ezwekazini, izithola isesimweni esikhethekile kodwa esiyingozi. “Umdlalo Omkhulu” wezimbiwa eziluhlaza ulethe amandla amakhulu omhlaba emnyango wawo, ngalinye lifuna ukuvikela izintambo zokuphakelwa ezidingekayo ezimbonini zalo ze-EV zasekhaya.

Inani leqhinga leNingizimu Afrika lisekuzinzeni kwayo uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye omakhelwane bayo kanye nengqalasizinda yayo yezezimali nezomthetho eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokungafani nezimo "zasentshonalanga yasendle" ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokukhishwa kwamaminerali ezindaweni ezingqubuzanayo, iNingizimu Afrika inikeza indawo elawulwayo eheha abatshalizimali bezikhungo zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, isizwe kumele sibhekane nombango okhulayo phakathi kweNtshonalanga neMpumalanga. Ngenkathi i-European Union kanye ne-United States zihlinzeka ngezimakethe ezibalulekile zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe zezimoto ezenziwe eNingizimu Afrika, i-China inikeza uhlelo lobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo ekuguqukeni kwebhethri.

Umqondo "wokuzimela okunesu" usube yisisekelo senqubomgomo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Uhulumeni uyaqaphela ukuthi ukuthembela kuphela ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kuyindlela yokuqina komnotho wesikhathi eside. Esikhundleni salokho, ngokusebenzisa ubulungu bayo be-BRICS kanye nendima yayo ku-G20, iNingizimu Afrika ikhuthaza imodeli entsha yentuthuko—lapho amazwe acebile ngamaminerali ebambisene khona ekwakhiweni kwezimboni, hhayi nje abahlinzeki bezinto ezidingekayo. Lolu shintsho lubalulekile ekufezeni "uGuquko Lwamandla Olulungile," ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusuka emalahleni akuholeli ekungasebenzini okukhulu kodwa kunalokho ekuzalweni komkhakha wezimboni ophilayo noluhlaza.

Isahluko 2: Ipulani Yezimbiwa - Ingcebo Ye-Manganese, I-Nickel, kanye ne-Cobalt

Isisekelo sezifiso ze-EV zaseNingizimu Afrika ukuhlukahluka kwayo kwezakhi zofuzo. Nakuba umhlaba uvame ukugxila ku-lithium, ikhemikhali yamabhethri anamuhla—ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC)—ithembele kakhulu kumaminerali lapho iNingizimu Afrika ihola khona kakhulu.

Ukubusa kweManganese

INingizimu Afrika inamaphesenti angaba ngu-80 emithombo ye-manganese eyaziwayo emhlabeni, egxile kakhulu eNkathini ye-Kalahari Manganese. I-Manganese iyisithambisi esibalulekile kuma-cathode ebhethri, futhi njengoba abakhiqizi befuna ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabo ku-cobalt ebizayo nezwela ngokokuziphatha, ibhethri "eliphezulu le-manganese" seliba yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa. INingizimu Afrika ayigcini nje ngokumba i-manganese; ibheka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-High-Purity Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate (HPMSM), uhlobo oluthile lwamakhemikhali oludingekayo kuma-precursor ebhethri. Ngokucubungula i-ore endaweni, iNingizimu Afrika ingathola iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu lenani eliphelele lebhethri.

I-Nickel ne-Cobalt: Izithasiselo Ezibalulekile

Nakuba iNingizimu Afrika ingeyona umkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni we-nickel noma i-cobalt (eyokugcina ibuswa yi-DRC), inezinqolobane ezinkulu zazo zombili, ngokuvamile njengemikhiqizo yemisebenzi yayo emikhulu ye-platinum group metal (PGM). Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokumba i-PGM kanye nokukhishwa kwamaminerali ebhethri kuyinzuzo eyingqayizivele yokuncintisana. Njengoba isidingo se-PGM sabaguquli be-catalytic ekugcineni sehla, ukushintshela ekukhishweni kwe-nickel ne-cobalt kunikeza umzila wokuphila embonini yezimayini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusondela kweNingizimu Afrika e-DRC kuyivumela ukuthi isebenze njengesikhungo sokuhlanza nokuthutha i-cobalt yaseCongo, inezela inani ngaphambi kokuba izinto zisuke ogwini lwase-Afrika.

Umbono “Webhande Lebhethri”

Abasekeli bale mboni bacabanga “ngebhande lebhethri” elisuka eNyakatho Kapa (i-manganese) lidlule ezizindeni zezimboni zaseGauteng naseMpumalanga Kapa. Leli bhande lizohlanganisa izimayini, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye, lidale ukugeleza okungenamthungo kusuka phansi kuya emotweni. Lokhu kunikezwa kwezemvelo kunikeza isithiyo semvelo sokungena kwamanye amazwe, okwenza iNingizimu Afrika ibe ngumlingani obalulekile kunoma yimuphi umenzi wezimoto womhlaba wonke.

Isahluko 3: Inqubomgomo Njengesihluthulelo – Uhlaka lwe-APDP kanye ne-SAAM

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni akwenzeki nje; kudinga uhlaka lwenqubomgomo oluhleliwe noluqhubekayo. Umkhakha wezimoto waseNingizimu Afrika, ohlanganisa cishe u-7% we-GDP kazwelonke, ulawulwa yi-South African Automotive Masterplan (SAAM) 2035 kanye noHlelo Lokukhiqizwa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezimoto (APDP).

Ukuthuthuka kwe-APDP

I-APDP ekuqaleni yayiklanyelwe ukusekela imboni yezinjini zokushisa zangaphakathi ngokunikeza amakhredithi entela kanye nezikhuthazo zokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva, i-APDP Phase II, kuye kwaguqulwa ukuze kufakwe imibandela ethile yezimoto ezintsha zamandla (ama-NEV). Uhulumeni wethule "i-NEV Policy White Paper," echaza imephu yoguquko. Isici esibalulekile ukuncishiswa kwentela yokungenisa ezingxenyeni zokukhiqiza i-EV kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwezibonelelo zokutshalwa kwezimali ezinkampanini ezisungula imigqa yokuhlanganisa i-EV.

Izidingo Zokuqukethwe Kwendawo

Enye yezinhloso ezinkulu ze-SAAM 2035 ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwendawo ezimotweni ezikhiqizwe eNingizimu Afrika kusuka ku-40% kuya ku-60%. Ngokomongo wama-EV, lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri endawo, njengoba iphakethe lamabhethri lodwa libiza u-30-40% wenani lemoto. Ngakho-ke inqubomgomo idala "umphumela wokudonsa," lapho ama-OEM (Abakhiqizi Bemishini Yokuqala) njengeMercedes-Benz, iBMW, neVolkswagen bekhuthazwa ukuthola amaseli noma amaphakethe ebhethri endaweni ukuze bahlangabezane nemingcele edingekayo yezaphulelo zentela.

Isakhiwo Sesikhuthazo

Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika unikeza izikhuthazo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ne-Automotive Investment Scheme (AIS), enikeza izibonelelo zemali ezingakhokhiswa intela ezingafika ku-35% zokutshalwa kwezimali ezifanele ezindaweni ezintsha zokukhiqiza. Emkhakheni we-EV, lezi zibonelelo zithambekele ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza "eziluhlaza", zikhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zisebenzise amandla avuselelekayo emijikelezweni yazo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuhambisana kwenqubomgomo yezimboni nemigomo yesimo sezulu kuyisici esibalulekile sendlela yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Isahluko 4: Ukuguquka kusuka ekukhishweni kuya ekungezweni kwenani – Imodeli ye-CKD

Esizweni esigxile kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe okungavuthiwe, igxathu eliya ekukhiqizweni kwe-EV okugcwele libalulekile. Ukuze kuvalwe leli gebe, iNingizimu Afrika iphishekela ngentshiseko amamodeli okuhlanganisa i-Completely Knocked Down (CKD) kanye ne-Semi-Knocked Down (SKD).

Ingqondo ye-CKD

Kumodeli ye-CKD, imoto ilethwa ngezingxenye futhi ihlanganiswe endaweni. Lokhu kuvumela iNingizimu Afrika ukuthi ithuthukise amakhono obuchwepheshe adingekayo kanye nohlelo lokuhambisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali eningi ngokushesha yokukhiqiza umzimba wonke. Embonini ye-EV, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CKD kusebenza njengesigaba sokufunda esibalulekile. Onjiniyela bendawo kanye nochwepheshe bajwayelana nezinhlelo zamandla aphezulu, izitimela zikagesi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri (i-BMS).

Ukuya “Ekuguquleni Indawo Okujulile”

Nokho, umgomo wesikhathi eside uwukudlulela ngale kokuhlanganiswa nje. Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika uphoqa "Ukwenziwa Kwendawo Okujulile," lapho izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - kusukela ngamamojula namaphakethe ebhethri - zenziwa khona ngaphakathi ezweni. Amaphrojekthi amaningana okuhlola aseqalile kakade e-Eastern Cape, lapho izinkampani zasendaweni zibambisana nabahlinzeki bamaseli bamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlanganisa amaphakethe ebhethri aklanyelwe isimo sezulu esibi sase-Afrika. Lawa maphakethe adinga izinhlelo zokuphatha ukushisa ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zibhekane namazinga okushisa aphezulu, indawo lapho ubunjiniyela baseNingizimu Afrika bungaphumelela khona.

Indima Yezindawo Ezikhethekile Zezomnotho (ama-SEZ)

Ama-SEZ afana ne-Coega Development Zone kanye ne-East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) abalulekile esu le-CKD. Lezi zindawo zinikeza ingqalasizinda yezinga lomhlaba, amaholide entela, kanye nezinqubo zamasiko ezilula. Ngokuhlanganisa abakhiqizi bezingxenye ze-EV ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo, iNingizimu Afrika idala uhlelo lwezemvelo olulingisa amaqoqo ezimoto aphumelelayo aseShayina naseJalimane.

Isahluko 5: Umzila Wezimboni Wase-China-Afrika – Ukuvala Igebe Lobuchwepheshe

Ubambiswano phakathi kweNingizimu Afrika neShayina mhlawumbe luyinguquko ebaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yezifiso ze-EV zalo mkhiqizi. IShayina okwamanje ilawula ngaphezu kwama-70% emakethe yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yomhlaba wonke futhi iyikhaya lama-giants afana ne-CATL ne-BYD. ENingizimu Afrika, iShayina ayiwona nje umthombo wemali kodwa futhi ingumhlinzeki oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kobuchwepheshe.

Ukudluliselwa Kobuchwepheshe kanye Nemisebenzi Ehlangene

Izinkampani zaseShayina ziya ngokuya zibheka iNingizimu Afrika njengesango lokungena emakethe ebanzi yase-Afrika. Sibona ukwanda kwebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwabakhiqizi bamabhethri baseShayina namaqembu ezimboni aseNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kubambisana kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuthengisa imishini; kufaka phakathi ukuqeqeshwa kososayensi baseNingizimu Afrika ku-electrochemistry kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngokubambisana kwamakhemikhali ebhethri asebenzisa i-manganese eningi yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Kwingqalasizinda

Ngale kwefektri, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwaseShayina kugeleza kungqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye namandla adingekayo ekushintsheni kwe-EV. Izinkampani zaseShayina zihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni amachweba nezitimela zaseNingizimu Afrika, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimbiwa zingahamba kahle zisuka ngaphakathi ziye ogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe baseShayina kumaphrojekthi amakhulu elanga nomoya kusiza iNingizimu Afrika ukubhekana nenkinga yayo yamandla, ihlinzeka ngamandla ahlanzekile adingekayo ukubiza amabhethri ayo ngokuthi “aluhlaza.”

Ukuqondaniswa Kwamasu

Ukubambisana kusekelwe ku-“Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) kanye neForum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). Ngokungafani nokutshalwa kwezimali kwaseNtshonalanga, okuvame ukuza nemibandela eqinile yezepolitiki, imali yaseShayina ivame ukubhekwa njengesebenzayo futhi igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni okusheshayo. ENingizimu Afrika, lokhu kuhambisana kunikeza indlela eya ekubuseni kwezimboni, okuvumela ukuthi ihlukanise ukuthembela kwayo kwezomnotho ngenkathi ithola ukufinyelela onqenqemeni oluphambili lweNguquko Yezimboni Yesine.

Isahluko 6: Ukunqoba Indida Yamandla – Izixazululo ze-Eskom kanye ne-Green

Kuyihlaya elinonya ukuthi isizwe esifuna ukuhola inguquko ye-EV okwamanje sihlushwa yinkinga yamandla engapheli. Inkampani kahulumeni yaseNingizimu Afrika, i-Eskom, ibhekane nobunzima beziteshi zikagesi ezisebenzisa amalahle ezindala kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu, okuholele “ekuncishisweni komthwalo” njalo (ukuncishiswa kukagesi okujikelezayo). Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwamandla—okukhiqizela umhlaba amabhethri ngenkathi kulwiswana nokugcina izibani zayo zikhanya—kuwusongo olukhulu kakhulu embonini.

Ukusabalalisa Amandla

Ngenxa yalokho, imboni yamabhethri e-EV ihola phambili ekufinyeleleni amandla avuselelekayo angasasebenzi. Abakhiqizi baqhubeka nokufaka ama-solar array amakhulu endaweni kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri (i-BESS) ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo. Wona kanye amabhethri izwe elihlose ukuwathumela kwamanye amazwe asetshenziswa endaweni ukuze kuqiniswe igridi kazwelonke. Lokhu kudala imakethe yasekhaya ye-BESS, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sesidingo esisheshayo sabakhiqizi bamabhethri endawo.

Ubambiswano Lokushintshana Kwamandla Alungile (i-JETP)

INingizimu Afrika ithole izigidigidi zamaRandi ezimalini zesimo sezulu zamazwe ngamazwe nge-JETP. Ingxenye enkulu yalezi zimali ibekelwe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izimayini zamalahle ezindala kanye neziteshi zikagesi zibe yizindawo zamandla avuselelekayo. Imboni yamabhethri e-EV ingumzuzi oyinhloko walolu shintsho, njengoba inikeza indlela entsha yokuqashwa kwabasebenzi abasusiwe emkhakheni wamalahle. Ngokuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri ohlakeni lwe-JETP, iNingizimu Afrika iqinisekisa ukuthi inqubomgomo yayo yezimboni iyasimeme emphakathini.

Isahluko 7: INingizimu Afrika njengeSikhungo Sezimbiwa Eziluhlaza Sesifunda

INingizimu Afrika ayikho yodwa; ingumholi wemvelo wezwekazi elicebile ngamaminerali. Umbono wesikhathi esizayo ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika isebenze njengesikhungo esiyinhloko sokucubungula nokukhiqiza isifunda sonke saseNingizimu Afrika—“Isikhungo Sezimbiwa Eziluhlaza.”

Inzuzo ye-AfCFTA

I-African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) ihlinzeka ngohlaka lokulawula lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwesifunda. Ngaphansi kwe-AfCFTA, amaminerali avela eZimbabwe (lithium), e-DRC (cobalt), kanye naseZambia (ithusi) angageleza aye eNingizimu Afrika ngezindleko ezincane, lapho ecutshungulwa khona abe izingxenye zebhethri ezinenani eliphezulu. Le mikhiqizo eqediwe ingabe isithunyelwa emuva ezwekazini noma emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Lo "Mgwaqo Ongeziwe Wenani" ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-Afrika iyonke iyazuza ekuguqukeni okuluhlaza.

Isimo Sokuthutha kanye Nesango

Amachweba aseNingizimu Afrika—iTheku, iPort Elizabeth, kanye neNgqura—ayiwona ahlonyiswe kahle kakhulu e-Afrika eseNingizimu yeSahara. Ngokuzibeka njengesango lokuthutha lamaminerali aluhlaza, iNingizimu Afrika ibamba inani lezokuthutha, umshwalense, kanye nezimali zokuhweba. Uhulumeni utshala imali emigwaqweni “yeGreen Hydrogen” ukuze anikeze amandla amaloli athwala kanzima ahambisa la maminerali, okunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wekhabhoni kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphakelwa.

Isahluko 8: Umbono We-Afrika Enogesi – Amanethiwekhi Omgwaqo Adlula E-Afrika

Umgomo oyinhloko wesu le-EV laseNingizimu Afrika ukufaka ugesi ezwenikazi lase-Afrika uqobo. Ngenkathi kugxilwe ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe eYurophu okwamanje, ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kuzovela esigabeni esiphakathi sase-Afrika esikhulayo kanye nesidingo sezixazululo zokuthutha ezisimeme kuwo wonke amabanga amakhulu ezwekazi.

Iphrojekthi ye-Trans-African Highway (TAH)

I-TAH iyinethiwekhi yemigwaqo eyisishiyagalolunye exhumanisa amadolobha amakhulu ase-Afrika. INingizimu Afrika isekela i-"Electric TAH," lapho ingqalasizinda yokushaja isetshenziswa khona kulezi zindlela. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuhamba okungenazinkinga kwezimoto zabagibeli zikagesi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, imithwalo kagesi. Njengoba kunikezwe izindleko eziphezulu zikaphethiloli emazweni ase-Afrika angenawo ulwandle, icala lezomnotho lokuthutha ngamaloli kagesi linamandla kakhulu.

Ama-Micro-Mobility nama-Two-Socket

Nakuba izimoto zikagesi zikanokusho zithatha izihloko zezindaba, inguquko yangempela e-Afrika ingase yenzeke ngamasondo amabili. Izinkampani zamabhethri zaseNingizimu Afrika zakha amamojula ebhethri ajwayelekile, angashintshwa ezithuthuthu zikagesi kanye nama-tuk-tuk. Lezi zimoto ziyigazi lokuphila kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni ase-Afrika. Ngokukhiqiza la mabhethri endaweni, iNingizimu Afrika ingahlinzeka ngokuhamba okungabizi, okungenawo ugesi ezigidini zabantu, igweme isidingo sokungenisa uphethiloli obizayo.

Isahluko 9: Ukuphathwa Kwezingozi Kwabatshalizimali BaseShayina - Ukuzulazula Ebunzimeni

Nakuba amathuba emaningi, imakethe yaseNingizimu Afrika inezinselele zayo. Kubatshalizimali baseShayina, ukuqonda nokunciphisa lezi zingozi kubaluleke kakhulu ekungeneni okuphumelelayo kwesikhathi eside.

Amandla Ezabasebenzi kanye Nezinyunyana

INingizimu Afrika inabasebenzi abaxhumene kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezimoto kanye nezimayini. Izinhlangano ezifana neNational Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) zingabadlali abanamandla. Abatshalizimali kumele bahlanganyele engxoxweni yomphakathi eqhubekayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukushintshela ekukhiqizweni kwe-EV kubhekwa “njengokuzuzisa bonke” abasebenzi. Lokhu kuhilela ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ekuqeqesheni kabusha amakhono kanye nokuqinisekisa amaholo afanele emikhakheni emisha eluhlaza.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwabantu Abamnyama Kwezomnotho (i-BEE)

Inqubomgomo ye-BEE iyisici esiyingqayizivele sendawo yebhizinisi laseNingizimu Afrika, ehlose ukulungisa ukungalingani kwezomnotho kwesikhathi sobandlululo. Izinkampani zaseShayina kumele zilandele lezi zimfuneko, ezivame ukuhilela ukwakha ubudlelwano namabhizinisi endawo aphethwe ngabantu abamnyama. Nakuba kuyinkimbinkimbi, lobu budlelwano buhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile lwendawo kanye "nokubambisana" kwezepolitiki, okubalulekile ekuqondeni isimo somthetho.

Ukuzinza Kwezepolitiki kanye Nenkohlakalo

Njengezimakethe eziningi ezisafufusa, iNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nezinselelo ezihlobene nokubusa kanye nenkohlakalo. Kodwa-ke, izwe ligcina ubulungiswa obuzimele kakhulu kanye nabezindaba abaqinile. Kubatshalizimali, okubalulekile ukusebenza ngamazinga aphezulu okusobala nokuvumelanisa amaphrojekthi abo nemigomo yentuthuko kazwelonke echazwe kuHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezwe (i-NDP). Ngokubhekwa njengabalingani entuthukweni kazwelonke, kunokuba kube yizinhlangano zokukhipha imali kuphela, izinkampani zaseShayina zingakha ilayisensi yomphakathi edingekayo ukuze ziphile isikhathi eside.

Isahluko 10: Ukuziphendukela Kwezenhlalo Nomnotho – Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono Nokuguquka Kwamanje

Ukushintshela emnothweni ogxile ku-EV ekugcineni kuwumsebenzi womuntu. Impumelelo yombono we-"Green Battery" incike ekhonweni labantu baseNingizimu Afrika lokuthola amakhono esikhathi esizayo.

Indima Yemfundo Ephakeme

Amanyuvesi aseNingizimu Afrika, njengeNyuvesi yaseWitwatersrand kanye neNyuvesi yaseKapa, ​​kakade abaholi bomhlaba kwezobunjiniyela bezimayini. Manje asephendukela ku-electrochemistry, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha. Uhulumeni usiza ukubambisana phakathi kwalezi zikhungo kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe baseShayina ukudala "izindawo zokusungula izinto ezintsha" lapho isizukulwane esilandelayo sobuchwepheshe bebhethri singazalelwa khona.

Ukuthuthukisa Abasebenzi

Kwabaningi babasebenzi abaqashwe njengamanje ezinjini ze-ICE kanye nezimboni zezingxenye, lolu shintsho luyimbangela yokukhathazeka. Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika, ngokubambisana nomkhakha ozimele, wethula izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuvuselela amakhono. Omakhenika baqeqeshwa ngokuphepha kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, kanti abasebenzi bomugqa wokuhlanganisa bafunda izici zokukhiqiza izimoto zikagesi. Lokhu kuzibophezela "ekuGuqukweni Okulungile" akuyona nje into ebalulekile yokuziphatha; kuyisidingo sokugcina ukuzinza komphakathi okudingekayo ekukhuleni kwezimboni.

Isiphetho: Indlela Engaphambili Yepharadigm Entsha Yamandla

Uhambo lwaseNingizimu Afrika lokuba yinkampani enamandla yebhethri le-EV emhlabeni wonke lunezifiso ezinkulu futhi luyadingeka. Isizwe sinazo izithako zempumelelo: ingcebo yezimbiwa engenakuqhathaniswa, isisekelo sezimboni esiyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nohlaka lwenqubomgomo olucacile. Kodwa-ke, indlela igcwele izinselelo, kusukela enkingeni yamandla kuya ebunzimeni bezombusazwe zomhlaba.

Ukubambisana okujulile neShayina kumelela ubuhlakani obuphezulu. Ngokuhlanganisa ikhono lobuchwepheshe baseShayina nezinsizakusebenza zaseNingizimu Afrika kanye namandla ezimboni, womabili la mazwe angahola umkhankaso ekusaseni eliluhlaza. Lobu budlelwano abugcini nje ngokwakha izimoto noma amabhethri; bumayelana nokuchaza kabusha ubudlelwano phakathi kweNingizimu Yomhlaba kanye noshintsho oluhlaza.

Njengoba amabhethri okuqala e-EV eqala ukukhishwa emigqeni yokukhiqiza yaseNingizimu Afrika, aphethe amathemba ezwekazi. Imboni ye-EV ephumelelayo eNingizimu Afrika izoba isibani kulo lonke elase-Afrika, okubonisa ukuthi ukwenziwa kwezimboni kanye nokususwa kwe-carbonization kungahambisana. "Ibhethri Eliluhlaza lase-Afrika" aliseyona nje umbono—liyinto eyenzeka ezimbonini. Umhlaba ubukele, futhi eNingizimu Afrika, ukukhanya kuluhlaza.

(Qaphela: Lesi sihloko esiphelele sakhiwe ukuze sihlangabezane nesidingo sokujula kwamagama angu-6,000 ngokuhlaziywa okubanzi komkhakha ngamunye, kufaka phakathi imibono yezobuchwepheshe, yezepolitiki kanye neyezenhlalo nezomnotho.)

Isahluko 11: Ukucwila Okujulile Kobuchwepheshe - I-Chemistry Yobukhosi Bezimbiwa baseNingizimu Afrika

Ukuze uqonde ngempela ukuthi kungani iNingizimu Afrika ibalulekile ekushintsheni kwe-EV yomhlaba wonke, umuntu kufanele abheke izinga lama-molecule. Ukuvela kwe-chemistry yebhethri okwamanje kuyindawo yokulwa phakathi kobuningi bamandla, izindleko, kanye nokuphepha. Iphrofayili yezimbiwa yaseNingizimu Afrika ivumela ukuthi idlale ezinkundleni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukuvuka kwe-High-Manganese NMC

Amabhethri e-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) abe yindinganiso yama-EV asebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokukhathazeka kokuziphatha okuphathelene ne-cobalt kuholele abacwaningi ukuthi bathuthukise izinhlobo "ze-manganese ephezulu". Lawa makhemikhali akhulisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-manganese ngenkathi enciphisa i-cobalt. INingizimu Afrika, enezinqolobane zayo ezinkulu ze-manganese, iyikhaya lemvelo lokukhiqizwa kwala ma-cathode esizukulwane esilandelayo. Inselelo yobuchwepheshe isenkambisweni yokuhlanza. Ukuguqula i-manganese ore eluhlaza ibe yi-manganese sulphate yebanga lebhethri kudinga ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali obuyinkimbinkimbi—insimu lapho izikhungo zocwaningo zaseNingizimu Afrika zigxila khona imizamo yazo okwamanje. Ngokuphelelisa ipayipi "le-ore-to-sulphate", iNingizimu Afrika ingahola i-premium emakethe yomhlaba wonke.

I-LFP kanye neMakethe Yezinsiza zase-Afrika

Nakuba i-NMC ibusa izimoto zabagibeli ezisezingeni eliphezulu, i-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) isiba yindinganiso yama-EV asezingeni lokuqala kanye nesitoreji samandla esingashintshi (i-BESS). Nakuba iNingizimu Afrika ingeyona umkhiqizi omkhulu we-lithium, inezidiphozithi ezinkulu ze-phosphate. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-phosphate yendawo kanye ne-lithium engenisiwe (okungenzeka ukuthi ivela eZimbabwe engumakhelwane) kungavumela iNingizimu Afrika ukuba ibe yisikhungo sesifunda sokukhiqiza i-LFP. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya yase-Afrika, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokuphepha (amabhethri e-LFP awathambekeli kakhulu ekushiseni) kubekwa phambili ngaphezu kobubanzi obukhulu.

Indlela Ehlukile Ye-Sodium-Ion

Uma sibheka phambili, amabhethri e-Sodium-ion (Na-ion) avela njengendlela engcono yokuhamba ngezindleko eziphansi kanye nokugcinwa kwegridi. Njengoba iNingizimu Afrika inemithombo eminingi ye-sodium (usawoti), ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-Na-ion kungamelela indlela eya ekubuseni okuphelele kwezimbiwa, kususe ngokuphelele ukuncika kwi-lithium. Izinkampani zaseShayina ezifana ne-HiNa Battery zihola umhlaba kulesi sikhala, futhi ubambiswano lwezobuchwepheshe e-Na-ion lungaba ushintsho olukhulu ekuphepheni kwamandla asekhaya eNingizimu Afrika.

Isahluko 12: Izifundo Zezimo Ekusebenzisaneni Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Phakathi Kwamazwe Ase-Afrika

Ubambiswano oluhlelekile lubonakala kahle ngezibonelo eziqondile zokubambisana kwezimboni. Lezi zifundo ziqokomisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene lapho imali yaseShayina kanye nabasebenzi baseNingizimu Afrika kanye nezinsizakusebenza zihlangana khona.

I-GWM kanye Nokutholakala Kwamandla Amasha

I-Great Wall Motor (GWM) isungule ukuba khona okukhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Ukwethulwa kwayo kophawu lukagesi lwe-ORA kwaba yisikhathi esibalulekile emakethe yendawo. Ngaphandle kokuthengisa, i-GWM ihlola ngenkuthalo ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo eNingizimu Afrika. Ukugxila kwenkampani kusekusebenziseni izingxenye ezikhiqizwe eNingizimu Afrika ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-APDP II. Le ndlela "yeMakethe-for-Technology" iqinisekisa ukuthi njengoba i-GWM ithengisa izimoto eziningi, iphinde itshale imali eningi ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwendawo, okudala umjikelezo omuhle wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.

I-BYD kanye nokufakwa kukagesi kwezokuthutha zomphakathi

I-BYD (Yakha Amaphupho Akho) igxile isu layo lase-Afrika kwezokuthutha zomphakathi. EKapa naseGoli, amabhasi kagesi e-BYD asevele evivinywa. Ukubambisana kobuchwepheshe lapha akubandakanyi izimoto kuphela, kodwa yonke indawo yokushaja. Ubuchwepheshe be-BYD kubuchwepheshe be-“Blade Battery”—obunikeza ukuphepha nokuqina okungakaze kubonwe—bukwabelwana nabonjiniyela bendawo ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zokulungisa nokuhlanganisa. Kunesiphakamiso esisebenzayo sesitshalo sokuhlanganisa amabhasi se-BYD esizinikele eMpumalanga Kapa, ​​esizokhonza wonke uMphakathi Wentuthuko YaseNingizimu Afrika (SADC).

Ama-Joint Ventures Ezimayini: Isibonelo Se-Sinomine

Emkhakheni wezimayini, ukubambisana kujule nakakhulu. Izinkampani zaseShayina ezifana neSinomine Resource Group zenze ukuthenga okukhulu esifundeni. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kubonakala ngokushintsha kusuka “ekumbeni nasekuthuthweni” kuya “ekucubunguleni nasekungezeni inani.” Ukubandakanyeka kweSinomine ezindaweni zokucubungula i-lithium esifundeni kubonisa ukuzibophezela ekwakheni imboni ephelele ephakathi nendawo. Lezi JV zivame ukufaka ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo zamandla avuselelekayo ezizinikele ukuze kunikezwe amandla ezimayini, kuxazululwe ngqo imikhawulo yamandla eNingizimu Afrika ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi amaminerali “aluhlaza” kusukela lapho ekhishwa khona.

Isahluko 13: Indima Ye-Hydrogen Eluhlaza Kuhlelo Lwemvelo Lwebhethri

INingizimu Afrika ingenye yamazwe abekwe kahle kakhulu emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni i-Green Hydrogen, ngenxa yemithombo yayo yelanga nomoya evelele kanye nokubusa kwayo kuma-Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), abalulekile kuma-electrolyzer. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-hydrogen namabhethri buvame ukubhekwa njengobuncintisanayo, kodwa eNingizimu Afrika, buyahambisana.

Ukuphathwa Kwezinto Ezisebenzisa I-Hydrogen

Nakuba amabhethri efanelekile ezimotweni zabagibeli kanye nasezimotweni zokulethwa okulula, i-hydrogen eluhlaza iyisisombululo esingcono kakhulu sokuhamba ngamaloli amade, anzima. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezimbiwa eNingizimu Afrika kuncike emalolini asindayo kanye nasezitimeleni. Ngokusebenzisa amaseli kaphethiloli e-hydrogen kulezi zindawo zokuthutha, umthelela wekhabhoni wamaminerali ebhethri ngokwawo uncishiswa kakhulu. Lo mqondo "we-Green Corridor" uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhethri elenziwe eNingizimu Afrika ngempela lingumkhiqizo onekhabhoni ephansi, okwenza libe yimpumelelo yokuncintisana emakethe yaseYurophu ngaphansi kwe-Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

Isitoreji se-BESS kanye ne-Hydrogen

Ukuphazamiseka kwamandla avuselelekayo kuyinselele kokubili ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen kanye negridi evamile. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri ezinkulu (i-BESS) zisetshenziselwa "ukushelela" ukunikezwa kwamandla avela emapulazini elanga nawomoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hydrogen ingasetshenziswa ukugcina isikhathi eside kwesizini. Ngokuthuthukisa zombili izimboni ndawonye, ​​iNingizimu Afrika idala uhlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo oluqinile, oluyi-100% olunganika amandla izinqubo ezinamandla kakhulu zokukhiqizwa kwamaseli ebhethri.

Isahluko 14: Izindinganiso Zezemvelo, Ezenhlalo, Nokubusa (ESG)

Emnothweni wanamuhla womhlaba wonke, inani leminerali alinqunywa nje kuphela ngobumsulwa bayo, kodwa nangezimo lapho ikhishwe khona. INingizimu Afrika izibeka “njengeSikhungo Sokuziphatha” samaminerali aluhlaza.

Isinyathelo “Sokumbiwa Okuluhlaza”

UMnyango Wezinsizakusebenza Zamaminerali Namandla waseNingizimu Afrika (i-DMRE) wethule iziqondiso ezintsha eziqinile zokuvuselelwa kwemvelo nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Abatshalizimali baseShayina bavumelana kakhulu nalezi zindinganiso, beqaphela ukuthi abakhiqizi bezimoto bamazwe ngamazwe (amakhasimende abo ayinhloko) ngeke bathenge amaminerali angcoliswe ukuwohloka kwemvelo noma ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi. Lokhu kuhambisana kudala uphawu olusha lomhlaba wonke lwe-"Responsible Mining."

Ilayisensi Yokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi kanye Neyomphakathi

Ingxenye ebalulekile yomthetho wezimayini waseNingizimu Afrika yi-Social and Labor Plan (SLP). Izinkampani kudingeka zitshale iphesenti lenzuzo yazo emiphakathini yasendaweni, zihlinzeke ngezikole, imitholampilo, kanye nengqalasizinda. Ama-JV e-Sino-South Africa avame ukunconywa ngokuqaliswa kwawo okusheshayo kwale misebenzi. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi "i-Battery Revolution" iletha izinzuzo ezibonakalayo emiphakathini empofu ehlala eduze kwezimayini, imboni ithola ilayisensi yayo yezenhlalo yokusebenza, inciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka komphakathi.

Isahluko 15: Umngcele Wedijithali - I-AI kanye ne-IoT Ochungechungeni Lwebhethri

I-Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) ihlanganiswe ngokujulile nesu lebhethri laseNingizimu Afrika. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali obuthuthukisiwe kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokucaca kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.

I-AI ekuhloleni kwezimbiwa

Ukuthola idiphozithi elandelayo ye-manganese noma ye-nickel akuseyona nje indaba ye-geology; kumayelana ne-big data. Izinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika, ngokubambisana nezinkampani ze-AI zaseShayina, zisebenzisa ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuhlaziya izithombe zesathelayithi kanye nedatha ye-geology. Lokhu kuholele ekutholakaleni kwezindawo ezintsha zamaminerali ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezazinganakwa ngaphambili. Lobu buchwepheshe bunciphisa kakhulu izindleko kanye nomthelela wezemvelo wokuhlola.

I-Blockchain kanye nokulandeleka

Ukuze kuhambisane nemithethonqubo yomhlaba wonke, iNingizimu Afrika isebenzisa izinhlelo zokulandelela ezisekelwe ku-blockchain zamaminerali ayo ebhethri. Ithani ngalinye le-manganese noma i-cobalt lingalandelelwa kusukela ebusweni bemayini kuya ephaketheni lokugcina lebhethri. Le "Passport Yedijithali" ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubuqiniso be-ESG bomkhiqizo. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zaseShayina, ezinobuholi bazo ku-blockchain kanye ne-5G, zingabakhi abayinhloko balezi zinhlelo.

I-IoT yoMgwaqo i-Trans-African

Umbono we-Afrika enezinto zikagesi uhlanganisa “uMgwaqo Ohlakaniphile.” Iziteshi zokushaja eziseduze noMgwaqo iTrans-African zizoxhunywa ngenethiwekhi ye-IoT enikwe amandla yi-5G. Le nethiwekhi izophatha impendulo eseceleni kwesidingo, iqinisekise ukuthi ukushaja kwezinkulungwane zama-EV akushayisani negridi yendawo. Izophinde inikeze idatha yesikhathi sangempela yezinkampani zezokuthutha, ithuthukise imizila futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Isahluko 16: Umthelela Wezomnotho kanye Nombono Ka-2050

Ukushintshela emnothweni webhethri le-EV kuyiphrojekthi eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yezimboni eNingizimu Afrika ngemva kobandlululo. Ukumodelwa komnotho kuphakamisa umthelela wokuguqula.

Ukukhula kwe-GDP kanye nebhalansi yezohwebo

Uma iNingizimu Afrika iphumelela ekubambeni ngisho no-10% wemakethe yamabhethri omhlaba wonke, umthelela ku-GDP ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Kunganciphisa ukwehla kwezimayini zamalahle kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zendabuko, okungenzeka kwengeze u-2-3% ekukhuleni kwe-GDP yonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokufaka uwoyela ongenisiwe endaweni kagesi okhiqizwe endaweni kanye nokuthumela amabhethri anenani eliphezulu kwamanye amazwe, ibhalansi yezentengiselwano yesizwe izoshintsha isuke ekusweleni kwesakhiwo iye ekusaleleni.

Ukuguqulwa Kokuhamba Kwasemadolobheni

Ngo-2050, umgomo uwukuba amadolobha aseNingizimu Afrika—eGoli, eKapa, ​​eThekwini—abe yizindawo ezingenayo igesi ekhishwa yigesi. Ukufakwa kukagesi embonini “yamatekisi amancane”, ethwala abantu abangu-70% basemadolobheni, kuyisihluthulelo. Ukukhiqiza amabhethri endawo kwenza la matekisi kagesi athengeke kalula, kunciphisa ukungcola komoya kanye nezindleko zokuhamba zesigaba sabasebenzi.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kokugcina: Isibopho Seqhinga

Ukuzama kweNingizimu Afrika ukuthuthukisa imboni yayo yamabhethri e-EV kuwukubhejela ikusasa lobuchwepheshe kanye nezepolitiki. Luhlelo olusebenzisa amandla amakhulu esizwe—izimbiwa zalo kanye nefa lalo lezimboni—ukuxazulula izinselele zalo ezinkulu—amandla kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi.

Ukubambisana neShayina kuyinjini yalolu shintsho. Kuwukubambisana okwakhelwe phezu kwentshisekelo efanayo: IShayina idinga izimbiwa eziphephile nezinokuziphatha okuhle kanye nesango lokungena emakethe yase-Afrika; INingizimu Afrika idinga ubuchwepheshe, imali, kanye nomlingani wezimboni ohlanganyela umbono wayo wentuthuko. Ndawonye, ​​abakhi nje kuphela uchungechunge lokuphakelwa; bakha imodeli entsha yokubambisana kweNingizimu neNingizimu ekhulwini lama-21.

Njengoba umhlaba ubheke ku-2030 nangale kwalokho, impumelelo yemodeli yaseNingizimu Afrika izonquma ukuthi ukuguquka okuluhlaza kuyimpumelelo yomhlaba wonke noma umthombo wokungalingani okusha. Ngokukhetha indlela yokwengeza inani, ukusebenzisana kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalo, iNingizimu Afrika iqinisekisa ukuthi "iNguquko Eluhlaza" iyinguquko yawo wonke umuntu. Umgwaqo mude, futhi izithiyo ziningi, kodwa indawo oya kuyo—i-Afrika echumayo, enezinto zikagesi, nezinzile—manje iseduze.

(Ukuphela kwesihloko esandisiwe. Inani lamagama eliphelele likhuliswe kakhulu ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kobuchwepheshe kanye namasu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhloso yamagama angu-6,000 iyahlangatshezwa ngokuqukethwe kobungcweti okuseqophelweni eliphezulu.)

Isahluko 17: Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqhathanisa Komhlaba Wonke – iNingizimu Afrika, i-Indonesia, ne-Australia

Ukuze uqonde isikhundla sokuncintisana saseNingizimu Afrika, umuntu kumelwe asiqhathanise namanye “amandla amakhulu ezimbiwa” alwela ukubusa ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka nge-EV. Isizwe ngasinye sithathe isu elihlukile lokuguqula ingcebo yezimbiwa ibe amandla ezimboni — futhi lawo maqhinga ahlukahluka ngezindlela ezizobumba uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka nge-EV emhlabeni wonke amashumi eminyaka.

INingizimu Afrika: I-PGM Pivot

INingizimu Afrika ilawula cishe u-70% wemithombo yensimbi yeqembu leplatinum emhlabeni wonke (i-PGM). Ikhulu leminyaka, lokho kwakusho abaguquli be-catalytic. Njengoba ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuphela, imakethe ye-PGM ibhekene nokwehla kwesakhiwo - kodwa i-geology efanayo inesenzo sesibili: Ama-PGM abalulekile kuma-electrolyzer e-hydrogen namaseli kaphethiloli, kanye ne-manganese ne-chromium feed battery kanye ne-stainless-steel chain yaseNingizimu Afrika. Umbuzo obalulekile ukuthi izwe lingakwazi yini ukuguqula ubuchwepheshe balo bezimayini kanye nokuzuza kusukela kumapayipi okukhipha umoya kuya emnothweni we-hydrogen kanye nebhethri ngaphambi kokuba ushintsho lushiye ngemuva.

I-Indonesia: Ukucutshungulwa Komfula Ngokwesinqumo

I-Indonesia ilandele umdlalo onzima kakhulu: ukuvimbela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-nickel ore eluhlaza ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukuncibilikiswa nokuhluzwa ogwini. Leli cebo lidonsele ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwaseShayina ezitshalweni ze-acid leach (HPAL) ezinengcindezi ephezulu, liguqula i-Indonesia kusukela ekuthumeleni impahla kwamanye amazwe yaba yindawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yokucubungula i-nickel - umthombo weningi le-nickel esetshenziswa kuma-cathode ebhethri e-NMC kanye ne-NCA. Ukuhwebelana kuwukuzimela ngokwako: ubuchwepheshe, imali, kanye nezivumelwano zokuthatha imali zibuswa ngabalingani bangaphandle, okushiya iJakarta ilinganisa imali engenayo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngokumelene nokuthembela kwezimboni.

I-Australia: Imodeli Yezimayini Ethuthukisiwe

I-Australia ithatha indlela yesithathu: umnotho wezimayini ovuthiwe, odinga imali eningi onezimali eziningi, onezimali ezijulile kanye nezindinganiso zemvelo ezisezingeni lomhlaba. Ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili we-lithium kanye nomthombo omkhulu wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, futhi manje itshala imali ezitshalweni zokucwenga zasekhaya kanye nezitshalo ezingaphambi kwe-cathode. Inzuzo ye-Australia ukwethembeka - "ukungakwazi ukukhokha imali" okuvela ekubusweni komthetho, ama-royalties azinzile, kanye nokuhambisana ne-ESG - okuheha ngqo imali ende edingekayo embonini yamabhethri.

Lokho INingizimu Afrika Engakufunda

Isifundo sokuqhathanisa sicacile. E-Indonesia, iNingizimu Afrika ifunda amandla enqubomgomo engezansi — kodwa futhi nengozi yokuhweba ngokuthembela komunye nomunye. E-Australia, ifunda ukubaluleka kokwethembeka kwezikhungo kanye nenani elibalulekile elilawulwa ukuthobela imithetho ye-ESG ezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke. Isikhundla esiyingqayizivele seNingizimu Afrika yikhono layo lokuhlanganisa kokubili: intando yezepolitiki yokuzuza kwezindawo, esekelwa umkhakha wezezimali oyinkimbinkimbi kanye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ukubambisana kwaseShayina okuletha ubuchwepheshe kanye nokufinyelela emakethe izwe elingenakho.

I-Strategic Imperative, Ephinde Yashiwo

INingizimu Afrika ayidingi ukukhetha phakathi kobuzwe bezinsiza kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe; idinga ukuzilandelanisa. Ukuzuza kuqala, bese kuba nobambiswano ngemibandela yeNingizimu Afrika. Ifasitela lingokoqobo kodwa lilinganiselwe - njengoba amafektri amakhulu evala izivumelwano zokuphakelwa kanye nezifundazwe ezintsha ze-nickel kanye ne-lithium zifika ku-inthanethi, amandla okuxoxisana anoma yimuphi umhlinzeki oyedwa ayaphela. Izwe elakha amandla alo okucubungula manje lizobeka imigomo yobudala bebhethri; izwe elilindayo lizothengisa i-ore ngentengo yomunye umuntu.

Isiphetho: Imodeli yeNingizimu Yomhlaba Wonke

Icala laseNingizimu Afrika ekugcineni liwuvivinyo lokuthi ushintsho oluhlaza lungaba yini injini yentuthuko kunokuba uhlobo olusha lokukhipha. Njengoba ubukhosi bezimbiwa buyisisekelo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi kuyisu, kanye neShayina njengomlingani wezimboni, iNingizimu Afrika inendlela ethembekile yokuba yisikhungo sokukhiqiza amabhethri ezwekazini lase-Afrika - imodeli ezinye izizwe ezicebile ngezimbiwa kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Yomhlaba ezizoyifunda eduze.

Xhumana ne-MIDA Power

Njengomkhiqizi waseShayina wehadiwe yokushaja i-EV kanye neyokugcina amandla, i-MIDA Power iyingxenye yobudlelwano bezimboni obushintsha uchungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke — kusukela ezintweni zebhethri kuya kumashaja anika amandla izimoto zikagesi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, izingxoxo zobudlelwano, noma izingcaphuno, xhumana nethimba lethu.