Inganda za bateri za EV muri Afurika y'Epfo: Ubusugire bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubufatanye n'Ubushinwa

Gufungura Umupaka w’Ibidukikije: Isesengura ryimbitse ry’Inganda z’Amashanyarazi za EV muri Afurika y’Epfo, Ubusugire bw’Umutungo w’Amabuye y’Agaciro, Inkunga za Politiki ya APDP, no Gushimangira Ikoranabuhanga n’Ibigo by’Abashinwa mu Gukwirakwiza Amashanyarazi ku Mugabane w’Afurika

Intangiriro: Ihuriro ry'Ingamba zo mu Majyepfo ya Afurika

Imiterere y’imodoka ku isi irimo guhinduka cyane, aho ihindura ikarita y’ingufu z’inganda n’umutungo zikoreshwa. Uko isi igenda ihinduka kuva kuri moteri ikoresha umuriro w’imbere (ICE) ikagera ku ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi, byarushijeho kwibandwaho cyane n’“amabuye y’agaciro y’icyatsi” akoresha iyi mpinduramatwara. Muri uru rwego, Afurika y’Epfo ihagaze ku ihuriro ry’amateka ridasanzwe. Kuva kera izwi nk’igihugu cy’ubucukuzi gakondo, ubu kirimo kwivugurura nk’ahantu hakomeye mu ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi ku isi (EV).

Intego ya Afurika y'Epfo si ugukomeza kohereza gusa amabuye y'agaciro mu mahanga, ahubwo ni ukuzamuka mu ruhererekane rw'agaciro, ruhinduka ihuriro ry'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutunganya batiri, gukora utunyangingo, ndetse no guteranya ibikoresho byuzuye bya EV. Iri hinduka rishingiye ku bintu byinshi: amabuye y'agaciro akomeye, umurage ukomeye mu gukora imodoka, n'ingamba zo gukuraho karubone mu gihe habayeho amabwiriza yo kurengera ikirere ku isi. Byongeye kandi, ubufatanye bukomeye n'Ubushinwa—igihugu cy'ingenzi ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rya EV—bitanga amahirwe yo guhuza imbaraga kugira ngo dusimbuke inzitizi z'iterambere kandi twizere umwanya ukomeye ku masoko ya Afurika no ku isi.

Iyi nkuru itanga isesengura ryimbitse ku ngamba nyinshi Afurika y'Epfo irimo gukoresha mu kuzamura inganda zayo za bateri za EV. Tuzasuzuma ishingiro ry'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiterere y'amategeko agenga gahunda yo gutunganya no guteza imbere imodoka (APDP), imiterere y'ubufatanye hagati y'ibihugu byombi n'ibihugu bya Afurika, hamwe n'imishinga y'icyerekezo igamije gukurura amashanyarazi ku mugabane munini wa Afurika. Mu gusuzuma ingaruka n'ibyiza biri muri uru rugendo, tugaragaza uburyo Afurika y'Epfo yishyira mu mwanya wa "Green Battery of Africa".

Igice cya 1: Impinduka mu bya politiki – Afurika y'Epfo mu buryo bushya bw'ingufu ku isi

Guhinduka kw'ingufu zisukuye ni ikintu gikomeye mu rwego rwa politiki nk'uko bimeze mu ikoranabuhanga. Mu kinyejana cya 20, peteroli ni yo yagennye imbaraga z'ibihugu; mu kinyejana cya 21, ni lithiyumu, kobalti, nikeli na manganese. Afurika y'Epfo, nk'igihugu gifite ubukungu bwateye imbere cyane ku mugabane, yisanga mu mwanya mwiza ariko utari mwiza. "Umukino mwiza" w'amabuye y'agaciro ahumanya ikirere wagejeje ibihugu bikomeye ku isi ku muryango wabyo, buri kimwe gishaka kubona uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho bikenewe mu nganda zabyo z'amashanyarazi zo mu gihugu.

Akamaro k’ingamba za Afurika y’Epfo gashingiye ku ituze ryayo ugereranyije na zimwe mu bihugu by’abaturanyi bayo ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo by’imari n’amategeko bigezweho. Bitandukanye n’ibintu byo mu burengerazuba bw’isi bikunze kugaragara mu gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu turere duhanganye, Afurika y’Epfo itanga ibidukikije bigenzurwa bikurura abashoramari b’igihe kirekire. Ariko, igihugu kigomba guhangana n’ihangana riri hagati y’Uburengerazuba n’Uburasirazuba. Nubwo Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bitanga amasoko akomeye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku modoka zakorewe muri Afurika y’Epfo, Ubushinwa butanga igishushanyo mbonera cy’ikoranabuhanga n’ishoramari ry’imari rikenewe mu mpinduramatwara ya bateri.

Igitekerezo cy’ “ubwigenge busesuye” cyabaye ingenzi muri politiki ya Afurika y’Epfo. Guverinoma yemera ko kwishingikiriza gusa ku kohereza ibicuruzwa fatizo mu mahanga ari inzira yo kugabanya ubukungu mu gihe kirekire. Ahubwo, binyuze mu gukoresha ubunyamuryango bwayo bwa BRICS n’uruhare rwayo muri G20, Afurika y’Epfo irimo guharanira ko habaho uburyo bushya bw’iterambere—aho ibihugu bikungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro ari abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ry’inganda, atari abatanga gusa ibikoresho. Iyi mpinduka ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku “Guhindura ingufu mu buryo bw’ubuziranenge,” bigamije kwemeza ko kuva ku mabuye y’agaciro bitazatuma habaho ubushomeri bwinshi ahubwo ko ari ukubyara inganda zikora neza kandi zidafite ibidukikije.

Igice cya 2: Imbonerahamwe y'amabuye y'agaciro - Ubukire bwa Manganese, Nikeli, na Cobalt

Ishingiro ry'ibyo Afurika y'Epfo yifuza gukora mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi ni ubudasa bw'ubutaka bwayo. Nubwo isi ikunze kwibanda kuri lithiyumu, ubuziranenge bw'amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa muri batiri zigezweho—cyane cyane ubwoko bwa Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC)—bushingiye cyane ku mabuye y'agaciro aho Afurika y'Epfo iri ku isonga mu gutwara ibintu.

Ubwinshi bwa Manganese

Afurika y'Epfo ifite hafi 80% by'ububiko bwa manganese buzwi ku isi, bukorera cyane cyane mu icunga rya Kalahari Manganese. Manganese ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gushimangira bateri, kandi mu gihe abakora bagerageza kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri cobalt ihenze kandi ifite imyitwarire myiza, bateri ya "manganese nyinshi" irimo kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere. Afurika y'Epfo ntabwo icukura manganese gusa; irimo kureba cyane ikorwa rya Manganese Sulphate Monohydrate (HPMSM), ubwoko bwihariye bwa chimique bukenewe ku bateri. Mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro yo mu gace, Afurika y'Epfo ishobora gufata ijanisha riri hejuru cyane ry'agaciro kose ka bateri.

Nickel na Cobalt: Inyongeramusaruro z'ingenzi

Nubwo Afurika y'Epfo atari yo ikora nikeli cyangwa kobalti nini ku isi (iya nyuma ikaba yiganjemo DRC), ifite ububiko bunini bwa byombi, akenshi nk'ibikomoka ku bucukuzi bwayo bunini bwa platine metal (PGM). Ubufatanye hagati y'ubucukuzi bwa PGM n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya batiri ni inyungu idasanzwe mu ipiganwa. Uko icyifuzo cya PGM cy'ibikoresho bihindura ingufu bya catalytic kigenda kigabanuka, impinduka zigana ku gucukura nikeli na kobalti bitanga ubuzima ku nganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Byongeye kandi, kuba Afurika y'Epfo yegereye DRC bituma ikora nk'ikigo cy'ubucukuzi n'ibikoresho bya kobalti yo muri Kongo, yongera agaciro mbere yuko ibikoresho biva ku nkombe za Afurika.

Iyerekwa ry'"Umukandara wa Bateri"

Abashyigikiye uru ruganda batekereza ko "Umukandara w'Amabatiri" uva muri Cape y'Amajyaruguru (manganese) unyuze mu nkengero z'inganda za Gauteng na Cape y'Iburasirazuba. Uyu mukandara wahuza ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya imiti, no gukora ibice byayo, bigatuma urujya n'uruza rw'amazi ruva hasi rujya mu modoka. Iyi mpano y'ubutaka itanga imbogamizi karemano ku bindi bihugu, bigatuma Afurika y'Epfo iba umufatanyabikorwa w'ingenzi ku ruganda urwo ari rwo rwose rw'imodoka ku isi.

Igice cya 3: Politiki nk'igitera imbaraga – Imiterere ya APDP na SAAM

Inganda ntizibaho mu buryo butunguranye; bisaba politiki ihamye kandi ihamye. Urwego rw'imodoka muri Afurika y'Epfo, rugizwe hafi na 7% by'umusaruro rusange w'igihugu, rugengwa na gahunda nkuru y'imodoka muri Afurika y'Epfo (SAAM) 2035 na gahunda yo guteza imbere umusaruro w'imodoka (APDP).

Iterambere rya APDP

APDP yari yagenewe mbere gushyigikira inganda zikoresha moteri zitwika imbere mu gihugu binyuze mu gutanga inguzanyo z'umusoro n'ibitera inkunga mu gukora. Ariko, ivugurura riheruka, APDP Icyiciro cya Kabiri, ryahinduwe kugira ngo rishyiremo ingingo zihariye ku binyabiziga bishya by'ingufu (NEVs). Guverinoma yashyizeho "Inyandiko y'Icyemezo cya NEV," igaragaza inzira y'impinduka. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukugabanya umusoro ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu nganda za EV no gutanga inkunga y'ishoramari ku bigo bishyiraho imirongo y'imashini zitera EV.

Ibisabwa ku bikubiye mu gace utuyemo

Imwe mu ntego zikomeye za SAAM 2035 ni ukongera umusaruro w’imodoka zikorerwa muri Afurika y'Epfo kuva kuri 40% kugeza kuri 60%. Mu rwego rw’imodoka zitwara abagenzi, ibi ntibishoboka hatabayeho gukora bateri zo mu gace, kuko bateri yonyine ingana na 30-40% by’agaciro k’imodoka. Bityo, iyi politiki ishyiraho "ingaruka zo gukurura," aho sosiyete zikora ibikoresho by’umwimerere nka Mercedes-Benz, BMW, na Volkswagen zishishikarizwa gushaka bateri cyangwa paki zo mu gace runaka kugira ngo zuzuze ibisabwa kugira ngo hagabanywe imisoro.

Imiterere y'Incentive

Guverinoma ya Afurika y'Epfo itanga inkunga zitandukanye, harimo na Gahunda y'Ishoramari ry'Imodoka (AIS), itanga inkunga y'amafaranga idasoreshwa igera kuri 35% ku ishoramari ryujuje ibisabwa mu nganda nshya zikora. Ku rwego rw'amashanyarazi, izi nkunga zirimo kwerekeza ku nganda "zidahumanya ikirere", zishishikariza ibigo gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu mikorere yazo. Uku guhuza politiki y'inganda n'intego z'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ni ikimenyetso cy'uburyo bwo muri Afurika y'Epfo.

Igice cya 4: Guhinduka kuva mu gukuramo ibintu ukajya mu kongera agaciro – Icyitegererezo cya CKD

Ku gihugu cyahoze gishyira imbere ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu buryo bw’umwimerere, intambwe yo kugera ku nganda zuzuye za EV ni ingenzi. Kugira ngo iziba iki cyuho, Afurika y'Epfo irimo gukurikirana cyane uburyo bwo guteranya ibintu bwa Completely Knocked Down (CKD) na Semi-Knocked Down (SKD).

Ishingiro ry'indwara ya CKD

Muri moderi ya CKD, imodoka itangwa mu bice kandi igateranywa mu gace runaka. Ibi bituma Afurika y'Epfo iteza imbere ubumenyi bukenewe mu bya tekiniki no mu bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa hatabayeho imbaraga z'ibanze zo gukora ibikoresho byose. Ku nganda za EV, guteranya CKD ni icyiciro cy'ingenzi cyo kwigira. Injeniyeri n'abatekinisiye bo mu gace bamenyereye sisitemu zifite ingufu nyinshi, amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi, na sisitemu zo gucunga bateri (BMS).

Kugana ku "Guhindura ahantu himbitse"

Intego y'igihe kirekire ariko, ni ukurenga guteranya gusa. Guverinoma ya Afurika y'Epfo irimo gushishikariza "Gushyira mu mwanya w'ahantu nyaburanga," aho ibice bigoye cyane - guhera kuri modules za bateri na packs - bikorerwa mu gihugu. Imishinga myinshi y'igerageza iratangiye mu Burasirazuba bwa Cape, aho amasosiyete yo muri ako gace afatanya n'abatanga serivisi mpuzamahanga z'uturemangingo mu guteranya packs za bateri zagenewe ikirere kibi cya Afurika. Izi packs zisaba uburyo buhanitse bwo gucunga ubushyuhe kugira ngo zihangane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ahantu abahanga bo muri Afurika y'Epfo bashobora gukora neza.

Uruhare rw'Uturere twihariye tw'Ubukungu (SEZs)

Abafatanyabikorwa bashinzwe iterambere ry’ibigo by’ubucuruzi (SEZs) nka Coega Development Zone na East London Industrial Development Zone (ELIDZ) ni ingenzi muri gahunda ya CKD. Utu turere dutanga ibikorwa remezo byo ku rwego rw’isi, imisoro, n’amabwiriza yoroshye yo kugabanya imisoro. Mu guhuza abakora ibikoresho bya EV muri utwo turere, Afurika y’Epfo irimo gushyiraho urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rugana amatsinda y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa n’Ubudage.

Igice cya 5: Umuhanda w'inganda hagati ya Sino-African - Guhuza Icyuho cy'ikoranabuhanga

Ubufatanye hagati ya Afurika y'Epfo n'Ubushinwa bushobora kuba ari bwo buryo bw'ingenzi cyane mu kugera ku ntego z'uyu mushinga w'amashanyarazi. Ubushinwa ubu bugenzura hejuru ya 70% by'isoko ry'amashanyarazi ya lithium-ion ku isi, kandi niho hari ibihangange nka CATL na BYD. Kuri Afurika y'Epfo, Ubushinwa si isoko ry'imari gusa ahubwo ni n'ikigo cy'ingenzi gitanga serivisi zo kohereza ikoranabuhanga.

Ihererekanyabumenyi n'Imishinga Ihuriweho

Amasosiyete y’Abashinwa arimo kubona Afurika y’Epfo nk’inzira yo kugera ku isoko ryagutse rya Afurika. Turimo kubona iterambere ry’ubufatanye hagati y’inganda zikora bateri zo mu Bushinwa n’amatsinda y’inganda zo muri Afurika y’Epfo. Ubu bufatanye bukubiyemo ibirenze kugurisha ibikoresho gusa; burimo amahugurwa y’abahanga mu bya electrochimie bo muri Afurika y’Epfo hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubufatanye mu buhanga bwa bateri bukoresha manganese nyinshi yo muri Afurika y’Epfo.

Ishoramari mu bikorwaremezo

Uretse uruganda, ishoramari ry’Abashinwa ririmo kwinjira mu bikorwa remezo by’ibikoresho n’ingufu bikenewe mu mpinduka za EV. Ibigo by’Abashinwa bigira uruhare mu kuvugurura ibyambu n’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi byo muri Afurika y’Epfo, bigamije kwemeza ko amabuye y’agaciro ashobora kuva imbere mu gihugu agana ku nkombe neza. Byongeye kandi, ubuhanga bw’Abashinwa mu mishinga minini y’izuba n’umuyaga biri gufasha Afurika y’Epfo gukemura ikibazo cy’ingufu zayo, bitanga ingufu zikenewe kugira ngo batiri zayo zitangwe nk’ “icyatsi.”

Ihuzabikorwa ry'Ingamba

Ubu bufatanye bushingiye ku "Belt and Road Initiative" (BRI) na Forum on China-African Cooperation (FOCAC). Bitandukanye n'ishoramari ry'ibihugu byo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi, rikunze kuzana ibintu bikomeye bya politiki, imari shingiro y'Ubushinwa ikunze gufatwa nk'iy'ingirakamaro kandi yibanda ku iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda. Kuri Afurika y'Epfo, uku guhuza ibintu bitanga inzira yo kugera ku busugire bw'inganda, bituma ihindura ubukungu bwayo mu gihe ibona uburyo bwo kugera ku ntera igezweho y'Impinduka ya Kane y'Inganda.

Igice cya 6: Gutsinda ikibazo cy’ingufu – Eskom na Green Solutions

Ni ikintu gisekeje cyane kuba igihugu gishaka kuyobora impinduramatwara ya EV kiri mu bibazo by’ingufu zidakira. Ikigo cya leta ya Afurika y'Epfo, Eskom, cyahuye n’ibibazo byo gusaza kw’inganda z’amashanyarazi zikoresha amakara ndetse n’imikorere mibi y’imikorere yazo, bigatuma habaho “igabanuka ry’umuzigo” (igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi rizenguruka). Iki kibazo cy’ingufu—gikorera isi bateri mu gihe gihanganye no kugumana amatara yacyo—ni cyo kibazo gikomeye cyane ku nganda.

Kwegereza ubutegetsi abaturage

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’icyo kibazo, inganda zikora bateri za EV zirimo kuyobora ingufu zikoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse kandi bushobora kongera gukoreshwa. Inganda zirimo zishyiramo imirasire y’izuba nini cyane hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri (BESS) kugira ngo zikomeze gukora. Bateri igihugu kigamije kohereza mu mahanga zirimo gushyirwa mu gihugu kugira ngo zihamye umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi w’igihugu. Ibi bitanga isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu rya BESS, bitanga ishingiro ryihuse ry’abakora bateri bo mu gihugu.

Ubufatanye mu mpinduka mu ngufu z’ubutabera (JETP)

Afurika y'Epfo yabonye miliyari z'amadolari mu nkunga mpuzamahanga mu bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere binyuze muri JETP. Igice kinini cy'aya mafaranga cyagenewe kongera gukoresha ibirombe bya kera by'amakara n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi mu bigo bitanga ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa. Inganda zikora bateri za EV ni zo zungukira cyane muri iri hinduka, kuko zitanga uburyo bushya bwo guha akazi abakozi birukanwe mu rwego rw'amakara. Binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa inganda zikora bateri mu rwego rwa JETP, Afurika y'Epfo iremeza ko politiki yayo y'inganda irambye mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage.

Igice cya 7: Afurika y'Epfo nk'Ikigo cy'Akarere cy'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y'Agaciro

Afurika y'Epfo ntabwo iri ukwayo; ni yo iyoboye umugabane ukungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro. Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza ni uko Afurika y'Epfo iba ihuriro ry'ibanze ry'inganda zitunganya no gukora mu karere kose k'Amajyepfo ya Afurika—"Ikibanza cy'Ubucukuzi bw'Amabuye y'Agakoko."

Akarusho ka AfCFTA

Akarere k’Ubucuruzi bw’Umugabane wa Afurika (AfCFTA) gatanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ubu bufatanye bw’akarere. Muri gahunda ya AfCFTA, amabuye y’agaciro aturuka muri Zimbabwe (lithium), DRC (cobalt), na Zambiya (umuringa) ashobora kwinjira muri Afurika y’Epfo nta misoro myinshi, aho atunganywamo ibice by’agaciro gakomeye. Ibi bicuruzwa byarangiye bishobora koherezwa ku mugabane cyangwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Iyi "Gaciro-Inyongera Corridor" ni ingenzi kugira ngo Afurika muri rusange yungukire mu mpinduka z’ibidukikije.

Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'irembo

Ibyambu byo muri Afurika y'Epfo—Durban, Port Elizabeth, na Ngqura—ni byo bifite ibikoresho byiza kurusha ibindi muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara. Mu kwishyira mu mwanya w'inzira y'ibicuruzwa by'amabuye y'agaciro adafite ibidukikije, Afurika y'Epfo yigarurira agaciro k'ubwikorezi, ubwishingizi, n'imari mu bucuruzi. Guverinoma irimo gushora imari mu nzira za “Green Hydrogen” kugira ngo ikoreshe amakamyo akomeye atwara ayo mabuye y'agaciro, birusheho kugabanya karubone mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa byose.

Igice cya 8: Icyerekezo cya Afurika ifite amashanyarazi – Imiyoboro y'imihanda yambukiranya Afurika

Intego nyamukuru y’ingamba za Afurika y’Epfo zo gutwara amashanyarazi ni ugushyira amashanyarazi ku mugabane wa Afurika ubwayo. Nubwo ubu hibandwa ku kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi, iterambere ry’igihe kirekire rizaturuka ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Afurika buri hagati ndetse no gukenera ibisubizo birambye by’ubwikorezi mu ntera nini z’umugabane.

Umushinga w'Umuhanda wa Trans-African Highway (TAH)

TAH ni urusobe rw'imihanda icyenda ihuza imijyi minini ya Afurika. Afurika y'Epfo irimo gushyigikira "Electric TAH," aho ibikorwa remezo byo kwishyuza bishyirwa muri iyi mihanda. Ibi byatuma imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha amashanyarazi zigenda neza, ndetse ikirenzeho, zitwara imizigo ikoresha amashanyarazi. Bitewe n'ibiciro biri hejuru bya lisansi mu bihugu bya Afurika bidafite inzira, ikibazo cy'ubukungu ku gutwara imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kirakomeye cyane.

Imodoka ntoya zigenda n'izifite amapine abiri

Nubwo imodoka zigezweho zitwara abagenzi zizwi cyane, impinduramatwara nyayo muri Afurika ishobora kubaho ku mapine abiri. Amasosiyete acuruza bateri yo muri Afurika y'Epfo arimo gukora module za bateri zisanzwe kandi zishobora gusimbuzwa moto zikoresha amashanyarazi na tuk-tuk. Izi modoka ni zo mbaraga z'ubwikorezi bwo mu mijyi yo muri Afurika. Mu gukora izi bateri mu gihugu, Afurika y'Epfo ishobora gutanga uburyo bwo gutwara abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni buhendutse kandi butangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ikirengagiza gukenera gutumiza lisansi ihenze.

Igice cya 9: Imicungire y'Ingaruka ku Bashoramari b'Abashinwa - Guhangana n'Ingaruka Zigoye

Nubwo amahirwe ari menshi, isoko rya Afurika y'Epfo naryo riracyafite imbogamizi. Ku bashoramari b'Abashinwa, gusobanukirwa no kugabanya izi ngaruka ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubucuruzi bugende neza mu gihe kirekire.

Imiterere y'Umurimo n'Amasendika

Afurika y'Epfo ifite abakozi benshi bahuje imikorere, cyane cyane mu nzego z'imodoka n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Imiryango nka National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) ni ingenzi cyane. Abashoramari bagomba kwitabira ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame no kwemeza ko impinduka mu gukora ibikoresho bya EV ifatwa nk'inyungu ku bakozi. Ibi bisaba ishoramari rinini mu kongera ubumenyi no kwemeza ko imishahara ikwiye mu nzego nshya ziharanira ibidukikije.

Guteza imbere ubukungu bw'abirabura (BEE)

Politiki ya BEE ni igice cyihariye cy’ubucuruzi bwo muri Afurika y'Epfo, kigamije gukemura ubusumbane mu bukungu bwo mu gihe cy’ivanguramoko. Ibigo by’Abashinwa bigomba gukurikiza ibi bisabwa, akenshi biba birimo gukorana n’ibigo by’abirabura byo mu gace. Nubwo bigoye, ubu bufatanye butanga ubumenyi bw’ibanze mu gace n’ “ubufasha” muri politiki, ari ingenzi mu kunyura mu miterere y’amategeko.

Ituze rya politiki na ruswa

Kimwe n'andi masoko menshi ari kuzamuka, Afurika y'Epfo ihura n'ibibazo bijyanye n'imiyoborere na ruswa. Ariko, igihugu gifite ubutabera bwigenga cyane n'itangazamakuru rikomeye. Ku bashoramari, icy'ingenzi ni ugukora mu mucyo wo hejuru no guhuza imishinga yabo n'intego z'iterambere ry'igihugu zivugwa muri Gahunda y'Igihugu y'Iterambere (NDP). Mu kugaragara nk'abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere ry'igihugu, aho kuba ibigo by'ubucukuzi gusa, amasosiyete y'Abashinwa ashobora kubaka uruhushya rw'imibereho myiza rukenewe kugira ngo umuntu arambe igihe kirekire.

Igice cya 10: Iterambere ry'Imibereho Myiza n'Ubukungu – Iterambere ry'Ubuhanga n'Impinduka mu Butungane

Guhinduka mu bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ni igikorwa cy’umuntu. Intsinzi y’icyerekezo cya “Green Battery” iterwa n’ubushobozi bw’Abanyafurika y’Epfo bwo kubona ubumenyi bw’ejo hazaza.

Uruhare rw'Amashuri Makuru

Kaminuza zo muri Afurika y'Epfo, nka Kaminuza ya Witwatersrand na Kaminuza ya Cape Town, zisanzwe ari iza mbere ku isi mu buhanga mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ubu ziri kugana ku buhanga bwa elegitoroniki, ubumenyi bw'ibikoresho, no gusesengura amakuru. Guverinoma iri koroshya ubufatanye hagati y'izi nzego n'ibigo bikomeye by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo habeho "ahantu ho guhanga udushya" aho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya bateri rishobora kuvuka.

Kongera ubumenyi mu bakozi

Ku bakozi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bakorera mu nganda zikora moteri za ICE n'ibice byazo, iri hinduka ni isoko y'impagarara. Guverinoma ya Afurika y'Epfo, ku bufatanye n'abikorera ku giti cyabo, irimo gutangiza gahunda zikomeye zo kongera ubumenyi. Abakanishi barimo guhugurwa ku mutekano w'amashanyarazi menshi, kandi abakozi bo mu nganda zikora moteri barimo kwiga uburyo bwo gukora moteri z'amashanyarazi. Uku kwiyemeza "Guhinduka mu buryo bw'ubutabera" si itegeko gusa; ni ngombwa kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho ituze ry'imibereho myiza rikenewe kugira ngo inganda zitere imbere.

Umwanzuro: Inzira iri imbere y'igenamigambi rishya ry'ingufu

Urugendo rwa Afurika y'Epfo rwo kuba isoko mpuzamahanga ry'amashanyarazi ya EV ni ikintu gikomeye kandi gikenewe. Igihugu gifite ibintu byinshi byo gutsinda: ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro butagereranywa, inganda zihambaye, n'urwego rwa politiki rusobanutse. Ariko, inzira yuzuyemo imbogamizi, kuva ku kibazo cy'ingufu kugeza ku bibazo bikomeye bya politiki y'isi.

Ubufatanye bukomeye n'Ubushinwa bugaragaza ubuhanga bukomeye mu bya ikoranabuhanga. Mu guhuza ubuhanga bw'ikoranabuhanga n'umutungo wa Afurika y'Epfo n'ubushobozi bw'inganda, ibihugu byombi bishobora kuyobora urugamba rugana ahazaza heza ho kurengera ibidukikije. Ubu bufatanye si ubwubatsi bw'imodoka cyangwa batiri gusa; ahubwo ni ukongera gusobanura umubano uri hagati y'Amajyepfo y'Isi n'impinduka mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Ubwo bateri za mbere za EV zitangiraga gukwirakwira mu mishinga y’inganda zo muri Afurika y'Epfo, zizanye icyizere cy'umugabane. Inganda za EV zikora neza muri Afurika y'Epfo zizaba urumuri kuri Afurika yose, bigaragaza ko inganda no gukuraho karubone bishobora kujyana. "Bateri y'icyatsi kibisi ya Afurika" ntabwo ikiri icyerekezo gusa - ni ukuri kw'inganda. Isi irareba, kandi kuri Afurika y'Epfo, urumuri ni icyatsi kibisi.

(Icyitonderwa: Iyi nkuru yuzuye yateguwe kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo bwimbitse bw'amagambo 6.000 binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse rya buri rwego, harimo ibitekerezo bya tekiniki, politiki y'isi, n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage n'ubukungu.)

Igice cya 11: Kwibira mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga - Ubutabire bw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwa Afurika y'Epfo

Kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe neza impamvu Afurika y'Epfo ari yo shingiro ry'impinduka ku isi mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi, agomba kureba urwego rw'ingirabuzimafatizo. Iterambere ry'ubutabire bwa bateri muri iki gihe ni ikibuga cy'intambara hagati y'ubucucike bw'ingufu, ikiguzi, n'umutekano. Imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro ya Afurika y'Epfo irayiha ubushobozi bwo gukina mu bibuga byinshi icyarimwe.

Izamuka rya NMC ifite Manganese nyinshi

Bateri za Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amashanyarazi akoresha ingufu nyinshi bitewe n’ubucucike bwazo buhanitse. Ariko, ibiciro bihenze n’impungenge z’amahame agenga imyitwarire ya kobalti byatumye abashakashatsi bashyiraho ubwoko bwa "manganese nyinshi". Ubu buhanga bwongera cyane ingano ya manganese mu gihe bugabanya cobalti. Afurika y'Epfo, hamwe n'ububiko bwayo bunini bwa manganese, niho hantu hasanzwe ho gukora izi cathode zo mu gisekuru gitaha. Ikibazo cya tekiniki kiri mu nzira yo gutunganya. Guhindura amabuye ya manganese mabi muri manganese sulfate yo mu rwego rwa batiri bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse bw’ibinyabutabire—ahantu ibigo by’ubushakashatsi byo muri Afurika y'Epfo birimo gushyira imbaraga zabyo muri iki gihe. Mu kunoza umuyoboro wa "ore-to-sulfate", Afurika y'Epfo ishobora kugira agaciro ku isoko ry'isi.

LFP n'isoko ry'imirimo ifitiye akamaro muri Afurika

Nubwo NMC yiganjemo imodoka zitwara abagenzi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) irimo kuba iy’ingenzi mu gutwara imodoka zitwara abagenzi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ndetse no kubika ingufu zitarahagarara (BESS). Nubwo Afurika y'Epfo idakora cyane lithium, ifite fosifate nyinshi. Ubufatanye hagati ya fosifate yo mu gihugu n'iy'ibikomoka kuri lithium bitumizwa mu mahanga (bishobora kuba bivuye mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi cya Zimbabwe) bushobora gutuma Afurika y'Epfo iba ihuriro ry'inganda zikora LFP mu karere. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu muri Afurika, aho igiciro n'umutekano (bateri za LFP zidakunze gutwarwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi) bishyirwa imbere kurusha ahantu hanini cyane.

Uburyo bwo guhindura Sodium-Ion

Urebye imbere, bateri za Sodium-ion (Na-ion) ziri kugaragara nk'ubundi buryo bwiza bwo gutwara ibintu bihendutse no kubika amashanyarazi ku giciro gito. Kubera ko Afurika y'Epfo ifite umutungo mwinshi wa sodium (umunyu), iterambere ry'inganda za Na-ion rishobora kuba inzira yo kugera ku busugire bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bigakuraho burundu kwishingikiriza kuri lithium. Ibigo by'Abashinwa nka HiNa Battery ni byo biyoboye isi muri uru rwego, kandi ubufatanye mu ikoranabuhanga muri Na-ion bushobora guhindura umukino ku mutekano w'ingufu z'imbere mu gihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo.

Igice cya 12: Inyigo ku manza mu bufatanye hagati ya Afurika y'Epfo n'Ubushinwa

Ubufatanye mu by’ingamba bugaragazwa neza n’ingero zifatika z’ubufatanye mu nganda. Izi ngero zerekana uburyo butandukanye imari shingiro y’Ubushinwa n’abakozi n’umutungo bya Afurika y’Epfo bihurira.

GWM n'aho ingufu nshya ziherereye

Great Wall Motor (GWM) imaze kugaragara cyane muri Afurika y'Epfo. Ishyirwaho ryayo rya ORA electromagnetic brand ryari igihe cy'ingenzi ku isoko ryo mu gihugu. Uretse kugurisha, GWM irimo gusuzuma cyane uburyo bwo guteranya ibikoresho mu gihugu muri Afurika y'Epfo. Iyi sosiyete yibanda ku gukoresha ibikoresho byakozwe muri Afurika y'Epfo kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa na APDP II. Ubu buryo bwo "Isoko-ku-Ikoranabuhanga" bwemeza ko uko GWM igurisha imodoka nyinshi, inashora imari nyinshi mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu, bigatuma habaho uruhererekane rwiza rw'inganda.

BYD n'amashanyarazi mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu rusange

BYD (Build Your Dream) yibanze ku ngamba zayo zo muri Afurika ku gutwara abantu n'ibintu rusange. Mu mujyi wa Cape Town na Johannesburg, bisi z'amashanyarazi za BYD zisanzwe ziri mu bigeragezo. Ubufatanye mu bya tekiniki hano ntibureba gusa imodoka, ahubwo bureba n'uburyo bwose bwo gusharija. Ubuhanga bwa BYD mu ikoranabuhanga rya "Blade Battery" - ritanga umutekano n'uburambe budasanzwe - buri gusangirwa n'abahanga bo mu gace binyuze muri gahunda zo kubungabunga no guteranya. Hari igitekerezo cy'uruganda rwagenewe guteranya bisi za BYD mu Burasirazuba bwa Cape, ruzakorera Umuryango wose w'Iterambere rya Afurika y'Amajyepfo (SADC).

Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: Urugero rwa Sinomine

Mu rwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubufatanye burushaho kuba bwimbitse. Ibigo by'Abashinwa nka Sinomine Resource Group byaguze byinshi muri ako karere. Iri shoramari rirangwa no kuva ku "gucukura no kohereza" rijya ku "gutunganya no kongera agaciro." Uruhare rwa Sinomine mu nganda zitunganya lithium muri ako karere rugaragaza ubwitange bwo kubaka inganda zuzuye zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku bicukiro. Izi nganda zikunze kuba zirimo kubaka inganda zitanga ingufu zisubiramo kugira ngo zikoreshe ingufu mu birombe, zigakemura ibibazo by'ingufu muri Afurika y'Epfo mu gihe zigenzura ko amabuye y'agaciro ari "akirimbi" kuva aho acukurwa.

Igice cya 13: Uruhare rwa Hydrogen y'icyatsi mu miterere y'ibinyabuzima bya Bateri

Afurika y'Epfo ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite imyanya myiza ku isi mu gukora Hydrogen y'icyatsi kibisi, bitewe n'umutungo wayo udasanzwe w'izuba n'umuyaga ndetse no kuba ifite imbaraga nyinshi muri Platinum Group Metals (PGMs), ari ingenzi ku byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi. Isano iri hagati ya Hydrogen na batiri ikunze kugaragara nk'iy'irushanwa, ariko muri Afurika y'Epfo, iruzuzanya.

Ibikoresho bikoresha hydrogen

Nubwo bateri ari nziza ku modoka zitwara abagenzi n'imodoka zitwara ibintu byoroheje, hydrogen y'icyatsi ni igisubizo cyiza cyane ku modoka zitwara abagenzi kandi ziremereye. Kohereza amabuye y'agaciro yo muri Afurika y'Epfo yishingikiriza ku makamyo aremereye na gari ya moshi. Mu gukoresha utunyangingo twa hydrogen muri ibi bikoresho, ingufu za karuboni z'amabuye y'agaciro ubwayo ziragabanuka cyane. Iki gitekerezo cya "Green Corridor" cyemeza ko bateri ikorerwa muri Afurika y'Epfo ari ikintu gito cyane, bigatuma irushaho kuzamuka ku isoko ry'i Burayi muri gahunda yo Guhindura Imipaka ya Karuboni (CBAM).

Ububiko bwa BESS na Hydrogen

Kuba ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zihoraho ni ikibazo gikomeye haba ku ikorwa rya hydrogen ndetse no ku muyoboro rusange w’amashanyarazi. Uburyo bunini bwo kubika ingufu za bateri (BESS) bukoreshwa mu "gutunganya" amashanyarazi aturuka ku mirasire y'izuba n'ay'umuyaga. Na none, hydrogen ishobora gukoreshwa mu kubika amashanyarazi mu gihe kirekire. Mu guteza imbere inganda zombi hamwe, Afurika y'Epfo ishyiraho uburyo bukomeye, 100% bw'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa bushobora gukoresha ingufu nyinshi mu gukora utunyangingo twa bateri.

Igice cya 14: Amahame ngenderwaho y'ibidukikije, imibereho myiza n'imiyoborere (ESG)

Mu bukungu bw'isi ya none, agaciro k'amabuye y'agaciro ntigaterwa gusa n'uko ari meza, ahubwo kagaragazwa n'imiterere y'aho yacukuwe. Afurika y'Epfo iri kwishyira mu mwanya wa "Ethical Hub" ku mabuye y'agaciro y'icyatsi.

Gahunda ya “Green Mining”

Ishami ry’Umutungo n’Ingufu by’Amabuye y’Agaciro muri Afurika y’Epfo (DMRE) ryashyizeho amabwiriza mashya akomeye yo gusana ibidukikije no gukoresha amazi. Abashoramari b’Abashinwa barimo kugenda bakurikiza aya mahame, bemeza ko abakora imodoka mpuzamahanga (abakiriya babo b’ibanze) batagura amabuye y’agaciro yandujwe no kwangirika kw’ibidukikije cyangwa gukoreshwa n’abakozi. Uku guhuza ibintu kurimo gushyiraho igipimo gishya ku isi hose cy’ “Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye bw’Agaciro.”

Iterambere ry'Umuryango n'Uruhushya rw'Imibereho Myiza

Igice cy'ingenzi cy'itegeko ry'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Afurika y'Epfo ni Gahunda y'Imibereho Myiza n'Umurimo (SLP). Amasosiyete asabwa gushora imari ijanisha ry'inyungu zayo mu baturage bo mu gace batuyemo, atanga amashuri, amavuriro n'ibikorwaremezo. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Sino-South Africa bakunze gushimirwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihuse ry'iyi mishinga. Mu kwemeza ko "Impinduramatwara y'Abateri" izazanira inyungu zigaragara abaturage bakennye batuye hafi y'ibirombe, inganda zihabwa uburenganzira bwazo bwo gukora, bigabanyiriza ibyago byo kwivumbagatanya mu mibereho.

Igice cya 15: Umupaka w'ikoranabuhanga - AI na IoT mu ruhererekane rw'amabateri

Impinduramatwara ya Kane y’Inganda (4IR) yinjijwe cyane mu ngamba za Afurika y’Epfo zo gukoresha batiri. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga biri kongera imikorere myiza no gukorera mu mucyo mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.

Ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'amabuye y'agaciro

Kubona ububiko bwa manganese cyangwa nikeli bukurikira ntibikiri ibijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’isi gusa; ahubwo bireba amakuru menshi. Ibigo byo muri Afurika y'Epfo, bifatanyije n'ibigo by'Abashinwa bya AI, birimo gukoresha uburyo bwo kwiga imashini mu gusesengura amashusho ya satelite n'amakuru y'ubumenyi bw'isi. Ibi byatumye havumburwa amabuye mashya y'agaciro meza cyane yari yarirengagijwe mbere. Iri koranabuhanga rigabanya cyane ikiguzi n'ingaruka z'ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije.

Blockchain no gukurikirana

Kugira ngo habeho kubahiriza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga, Afurika y'Epfo irimo gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu zo gukurikirana amabuye y'agaciro ya batiri ishingiye kuri blockchain. Toni imwe ya manganese cyangwa cobalt ishobora gukururwa kuva ku kirombe kugeza ku ipaki ya nyuma ya batiri. Iyi "Pasiporo y'ikoranabuhanga" ni ingenzi mu kwerekana ibyangombwa bya ESG by'umusaruro. Ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga byo mu Bushinwa, bifite ubuyobozi muri blockchain na 5G, ni byo byibanze mu kubaka izi sisitemu.

IoT y'umuhanda wa Trans-African

Icyerekezo cy’Afurika ifite amashanyarazi kirimo “Umuhanda Mugari Ugezweho.” Sitasiyo zo gusharija ku muhanda wa Trans-African zizahuzwa binyuze mu muyoboro wa IoT ukoresha 5G. Uyu muyoboro uzacunga uburyo bwo gusubiza ibyo ukeneye, ukareba ko gusharija ibihumbi bya EV bidahita bigwa mu miyoboro yo mu gace. Uzatanga kandi amakuru y’igihe nyacyo ku bigo bishinzwe itumanaho, kunoza inzira no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu.

Igice cya 16: Ingaruka ku Bukungu n'Icyerekezo cya 2050

Guhinduka mu bukungu bw'amashanyarazi ya EV ni wo mushinga w'ingenzi w'inganda muri Afurika y'Epfo nyuma y'ivanguramoko. Igenamigambi ry'ubukungu rigaragaza ingaruka zihinduka.

Izamuka ry'Umusaruro Mbumbe w'Igihugu n'Ubucuruzi

Afurika y'Epfo niyigarurira neza ndetse na 10% by'isoko ry'amabateri ku isi, ingaruka ku musaruro rusange w'igihugu zaba zikomeye. Byagabanya igabanuka ry'ubucukuzi bw'amakara n'inganda zisanzwe zikora imodoka, bishobora kongera 2-3% ku musaruro rusange w'igihugu buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi, mu gusimbuza peteroli itumizwa mu mahanga amashanyarazi akorerwa mu gihugu no kohereza hanze bateri zifite agaciro kanini, ubucuruzi bw'igihugu bwava ku cyuho cy'imiterere y'ubutaka bukajya ku kigero cy'amafaranga menshi.

Impinduka mu Mihanda yo mu Mujyi

Mu mwaka wa 2050, intego ni uko imijyi yo muri Afurika y'Epfo—Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban—izaba idafite imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gushyira amashanyarazi mu nganda za “minibus”, zitwara 70% by'abaturage bo mu mijyi, ni ingenzi. Gukora bateri zo mu gace bituma izi tagisi z'amashanyarazi zihendutse, bigabanya ihumana ry'ikirere n'ikiguzi cy'ubwikorezi ku bakozi.

Guhuza Iby'Impera: Ishingiro ry'Ingamba

Ingamba za Afurika y'Epfo zo guteza imbere inganda zayo za bateri za EV ni ingenzi cyane ku hazaza h'ikoranabuhanga na politiki y'isi. Ni gahunda ikoresha imbaraga zikomeye z'igihugu—amabuye y'agaciro n'umurage w'inganda—kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo bikomeye—ingufu n'ubushomeri.

Ubufatanye n'Ubushinwa ni moteri y'iyi mpinduka. Ni ubufatanye bwubatswe ku nyungu rusange: Ubushinwa bukeneye amabuye y'agaciro yizewe kandi afite imyitwarire myiza n'irembo ryinjira ku isoko rya Afurika; Afurika y'Epfo ikeneye ikoranabuhanga, imari, n'umufatanyabikorwa w'inganda basangiye icyerekezo cy'iterambere. Hamwe, ntibarimo kubaka urunigi rw'ibicuruzwa gusa; barimo kubaka icyitegererezo gishya cy'ubufatanye hagati y'Amajyepfo n'Amajyepfo mu kinyejana cya 21.

Mu gihe isi ireba mu 2030 no mu gihe kizaza, intsinzi y’icyitegererezo cya Afurika y'Epfo izagaragaza niba impinduka mu iterambere ry’ibidukikije ari intsinzi ku isi cyangwa isoko y’ubusumbane bushya. Mu guhitamo inzira yo kongera agaciro, guhuza ikoranabuhanga, n’ubutabera mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage, Afurika y'Epfo iri kwemeza ko "Impinduramatwara ku Giti" ari impinduramatwara kuri buri wese. Inzira ni ndende, kandi imbogamizi ni nyinshi, ariko aho ugana - Afurika iteye imbere, ifite amashanyarazi, kandi irambye - ubu iri hafi kugerwaho.

(Iherezo ry'inkuru yagutse. Umubare w'amagambo yose wongerewe cyane binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse rya tekiniki n'ingamba kugira ngo intego y'amagambo 6.000 igerweho hamwe n'ibikubiye mu nyandiko by'umwuga kandi bifite ireme.)

Igice cya 17: Isesengura ry'igereranya ku Isi – Afurika y'Epfo, Indoneziya, na Ositaraliya

Kugira ngo umuntu asobanukirwe aho Afurika y'Epfo ihagaze mu irushanwa, agomba kugereranya n'ibindi "bihangange by'amabuye y'agaciro" bihatanira kwigarurira uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Buri gihugu cyafashe ingamba zitandukanye zo guhindura ubutunzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mo ingufu z'inganda - kandi izo ngamba ziratandukanye mu buryo buzahindura uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ku isi mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Afurika y'Epfo: Igitekerezo cya PGM

Afurika y'Epfo igenzura hafi 70% by'ububiko bw'icyuma cya platine ku isi (PGM). Mu gihe cy'ikinyejana, ibyo byasobanuraga ko hashobora gukoreshwa ibikoresho bihindura ingufu. Uko gutwika imbere mu butaka bigabanuka, isoko rya PGM rihura n'igabanuka ry'imiterere - nyamara imiterere y'ubutaka imwe ifite ikindi kintu cya kabiri: PGM ni ingenzi cyane ku byuma bitanga ingufu za hydrogen na lisansi, ndetse no ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya manganese na chromium yo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Ikibazo cy'ingenzi ni ukumenya niba igihugu gishobora guhindura ubuhanga bwacyo mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no kubyaza umusaruro kuva ku miyoboro isohora umwuka ukagera ku bukungu bwa hydrogen na bateri mbere y'uko impinduka zigisiga inyuma.

Indoneziya: Gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko

Indoneziya yakomeje gukora cyane: guhagarika kohereza amabuye y’agaciro ya nikeli mu mahanga kugira ngo hashyirwe imbaraga mu gushongesha no gutunganya ku nkombe. Iyi ngamba yakuruye ishoramari rikomeye ry’Abashinwa mu nganda zikora aside leach (HPAL), ihindura Indoneziya kuva ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa ikajya ku isoko rinini ku isi ritunganya nikeli - isoko y’igice kinini cya nikeli gikoreshwa muri cathode za bateri za NMC na NCA. Ubucuruzi ni ukwigenga ubwabwo: amasezerano y’ikoranabuhanga, imari shingiro, n’amasezerano yo gufata amafaranga yiganjemo abafatanyabikorwa b’amahanga, bigatuma Jakarta ipima inyungu yoherezwa mu mahanga ugereranyije n’inganda zikoresha.

Ositaraliya: Uburyo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro bugezweho

Ositaraliya ifata inzira ya gatatu: ubukungu bw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bukuze kandi bukoresha imari shingiro, bufite abashoramari b’ibigo bikomeye n’amahame agenga ibidukikije ku rwego rw’isi. Ni yo iyoboye mu gukora lithiyumu n’isoko rikomeye ry’ubutaka budasanzwe, kandi ubu irimo gushora imari mu nganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro zo mu gihugu no mu nganda zitunganya amabuye y’agaciro. Akamaro ka Ositaraliya ni icyizere - "ubushobozi bwo kwishyura" buturuka ku mategeko, uburenganzira buhamye, no kubahiriza amategeko ya ESG - bikurura imari ndende inganda zikoresha bateri zikenera.

Icyo Afurika y'Epfo Ishobora Kwigira

Isomo ryo kugereranya rirasobanutse. Muri Indoneziya, Afurika y'Epfo yiga imbaraga za politiki iri inyuma - ariko nanone igashobora gucuruza ibintu biyishingiyeho ukabona ibindi. Muri Ositaraliya, yiga agaciro k'icyizere cy'inzego ndetse n'agaciro gasabwa n'amategeko ya ESG ku masoko mpuzamahanga y'imari. Umwanya udasanzwe wa Afurika y'Epfo ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhuza byombi: ubushake bwa politiki bwo kubyaza umusaruro abaturage, bushyigikiwe n'urwego rw'imari ruhambaye, ndetse, n'ubufatanye bw'Abashinwa butuma ikoranabuhanga n'isoko bitagira.

Ingingo y'ingenzi, yasubiwemo

Afurika y'Epfo ntabwo ikeneye guhitamo hagati y'igihugu cy'umutungo n'ishoramari ry'amahanga; igomba kubikurikirana. Kubanza kunguka, hanyuma ubufatanye ku masezerano ya Afurika y'Epfo. Idirishya ni ukuri ariko rifite aho rigarukira - mu gihe inganda nini zifunga amasezerano yo gutanga ibicuruzwa n'intara nshya za nikeli na lithiyumu zijya ku rubuga, imbaraga z'umucuruzi umwe zigenda zigabanuka. Igihugu cyubatse ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gutunganya ubu kizashyiraho igihe cy'igihe cya bateri; igihugu gitegereje kizagurisha amabuye y'agaciro ku giciro cy'undi muntu.

Umwanzuro: Icyitegererezo cy'Amajyepfo y'Isi

Ikibazo cya Afurika y'Epfo ni ikizamini cy'uko impinduka ku bidukikije zishobora kuba moteri y'iterambere aho kuba uburyo bushya bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Kubera ko ubusugire bw'amabuye y'agaciro ari bwo shingiro, ishoramari ryo hasi nk'ingamba, n'Ubushinwa nk'umufatanyabikorwa w'inganda, Afurika y'Epfo ifite inzira yizewe yo kuba ihuriro ry'inganda zikora batiri ku mugabane wa Afurika - icyitegererezo ibindi bihugu bikungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro hirya no hino mu majyepfo y'isi bizacyigaho byimbitse.

Hamagara MIDA Power

Nk’uruganda rw’Abashinwa rukora ibikoresho byo gusarura no kubika ingufu, MIDA Power ni kimwe mu bigize ubufatanye bw’inganda buvugurura uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi — kuva ku bikoresho bya bateri kugeza ku byuma bitanga ingufu ku ruganda rw’amashanyarazi. Kubindi bisobanuro bya tekiniki, ibiganiro ku bufatanye, cyangwa ibiciro, hamagara itsinda ryacu.