Nigute wakongera ingufu ku makamyo akoresha amashanyarazi: gusharija no guhinduranya batiri?

Nigute wakongera ingufu ku makamyo akoresha amashanyarazi: gusharija no guhinduranya batiri?

Gushaja ugereranije no guhinduranya bateri:

Mu myaka myinshi ishize, impaka ku bijyanye no kumenya niba amakamyo akomeye akoresha amashanyarazi agomba gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusharija cyangwa guhinduranya batiri zabaye zimwe aho buri ruhande rufite ingingo zarwo zumvikana. Ariko muri iyi nama nyunguranabitekerezo, impuguke zageze ku mwanzuro umwe: gusharija no guhinduranya batiri bifite ibyiza n'ibibi bitandukanye. Guhitamo hagati yabyo bishingiye ku bintu bifatika, ibisabwa byihariye, n'ibarura ry'ikiguzi. Uburyo bubiri ntabwo ari ubwo ku ruhande rumwe ahubwo bwuzuzanya, buri bumwe bujyanye n'imiterere itandukanye y'imikorere. Inyungu nyamukuru yo guhinduranya batiri iri mu kongera ingufu vuba, bikarangira mu minota mike gusa, bikongera cyane imikorere myiza. Ariko kandi, inagaragaza imbogamizi zikomeye: ishoramari rikomeye ry'ibanze, inzira zigoye zo kuyobora, no kutumvikana mu mahame y'ubwishingizi bw'amabati. Paki z'amabati ziturutse ku nganda zitandukanye ntizishobora guhindurwa kuri sitasiyo imwe yo guhinduranya, ndetse n'ipaki imwe ntishobora gukoreshwa kuri sitasiyo nyinshi.

Kubwibyo, niba imodoka zawe zikora mu nzira zihamye, zigashyira imbere imikorere myiza, kandi zifite igipimo runaka, uburyo bwo guhinduranya batiri butanga amahitamo meza. Uburyo bwo gusharija, ku rundi ruhande, butanga amahame agenga uburyo buhuriweho. Mu gihe zujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'igihugu, imodoka z'ikirango icyo ari cyo cyose zishobora kwishyuzwa, bigatuma zihura neza kandi zigagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubaka sitasiyo. Ariko, umuvuduko wo gusharija ugenda buhoro cyane. Imiterere y'ubu yo gushyushya inshuro ebyiri cyangwa enye icyarimwe iracyasaba isaha imwe kugira ngo ishyurwe yuzuye. Byongeye kandi, imodoka zigomba kuguma zihagaze mu gihe cyo gusharija, ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'imodoka. Amakuru y'isoko agaragaza ko mu makamyo akomeye akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi acukurwa muri iki gihe, arindwi kuri icumi akoresha sisitemu yo gusharija, mu gihe atatu akoresha uburyo bwo guhinduranya batiri.

Ibi bigaragaza ko guhinduranya batiri bihura n'imbogamizi zikomeye, mu gihe gusharija bitanga uburyo bwagutse bwo gukoresha. Amahitamo yihariye agomba kugenwa n'ibisabwa by'ingenzi mu mikorere y'imodoka. Gusharija byihuse ugereranyije no Gusharija byihuse cyane: Amahame ngenderwaho n'uburyo imodoka ihura ni ingenzi. Kuri iyi ngingo, umuntu ashobora kwibaza ati: bite kuri megawatt ultra-speed charger? Mu by'ukuri, hari ibikoresho byinshi bya megawatt ultra-speed charger byamaze kuboneka ku isoko. Ariko, amahame ngenderwaho yo ku rwego rw'igihugu yo gusharija byihuse cyane aracyari mu iterambere. Muri iki gihe, ibirimo guterwa inkunga ni amahame ngenderwaho y'ibigo bishingiye ku mahame ngenderwaho y'igihugu. Byongeye kandi, niba imodoka ishobora gusharija byihuse cyane ntibiterwa gusa no kuba aho sharija ishobora gutanga ingufu zihagije, ahubwo ahanini biterwa no kumenya niba bateri y'imodoka ishobora kwihanganira.

Muri iki gihe, ubwoko bw'amakamyo akomeye akoresha ingufu ziremereye akenshi aba afite bateri kuva kuri 300 kugeza kuri 400 kWh. Niba intego ari ukwagura uburebure bw'imodoka kugira ngo igere ku masoko manini, biba ngombwa gushyiraho bateri nyinshi ariko nanone bigatuma habaho gusharija vuba. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora amakamyo akomeye bari muri iyo nama bagaragaje ko barimo gukoresha bateri zisharija vuba kandi zisharija vuba cyane zikwiriye imodoka z'ubucuruzi. Inzira y'iterambere n'uburyo amakamyo akomeye yinjirira ku isoko Mu ntangiriro zayo, gushyira amashanyarazi ku makamyo akomeye byakurikije cyane uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri. Nyuma yaho, amakamyo akomeye akoresha ingufu ziremereye yavuye mu bihe bifunze birimo kohereza imbere intera ngufi ijya mu bihe bigufi bihamye. Mu gihe kizaza, biteguye kwinjira mu bihe bifunguye birimo ibikorwa byo hagati n'indembo.

Imibare igaragaza ko nubwo amakamyo akoresha amashanyarazi akomeye yageze ku kigero cya 14% gusa mu 2024, iyi mibare yariyongereye igera kuri 22% mu gice cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, bigaragaza ko yiyongereyeho umwaka ku wundi irenga 180%. Ariko, ibikorwa byayo by'ibanze biracyari mu nzego zikora intera iri hagati na hafi, nko gutwara ibikoresho by'inganda z'ibyuma n'ibirombe, ibikoresho by'imyanda y'ubwubatsi, na serivisi z'isuku. Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'imodoka zitwara imizigo hagati na kure, amakamyo mashya akoresha ingufu nini agize munsi ya 1% by'isoko, nubwo iki gice kigizwe na 50% by'inganda zose zikora amakamyo akomeye.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, gukoresha imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi mu buryo buri hagati cyangwa burebure ni wo mupaka ukurikiraho wo gutsinda amakamyo atwara amashanyarazi. Imbogamizi z'ingenzi ku iterambere ry'amakamyo atwara amashanyarazi. Amakamyo atwara amashanyarazi mu buryo bunini hamwe n'aho akoresha umuriro/bateri bihurira, byombi bifite umwihariko: ni ibikoresho byo gukora bishyira imbere imikorere myiza n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza. Kugira ngo yongere uburebure bw'amakamyo atwara amashanyarazi, amakamyo atwara amashanyarazi akeneye bateri nyinshi. Ariko, kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri ntibyongera ikiguzi cy'imodoka gusa ahubwo binagabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bitewe n'uburemere bunini bwa bateri, bityo bigira ingaruka ku nyungu z'imodoka. Ibi bisaba imiterere yitondewe ya bateri. Iki kibazo kigaragaza inenge ziriho mu bikorwa remezo by'amakamyo atwara amashanyarazi, harimo umubare udahagije wa sitasiyo, imiterere idahagije y'ubutaka, n'amahame adahuye.

Gahunda y'Inganda:

Guteza imbere ubufatanye mu iterambere ry'inganda

Iyi nama yahuje abahagarariye inganda zikora imodoka, abakora bateri, ibigo bitanga amashanyarazi/guhinduranya, n'abakora ibijyanye n'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bafatanye mu gukemura ibibazo by'inganda. Yatangije gahunda yo guhuza amakamyo akomeye, ishyiraho urubuga rufunguye kandi rudasobanutse ku bafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo bungurane ibitekerezo kandi bahuze imbaraga. Muri urwo rwego, hasohotse inyandiko igamije kwihutisha iterambere ry'inganda mu bijyanye no gutanga amashanyarazi yihuta cyane no guhinduranya ibikorwa remezo byihuse ku makamyo akomeye akoresha amashanyarazi. Iterambere ry'inganda ntiriterwa impungenge n'ibibazo, ahubwo riterwa impungenge no kutagira ibisubizo.

Tekereza ku iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga bitwara abagenzi mu myaka icumi ishize: mbere, imyumvire yariho yashyize imbere kongera ubushobozi bwa bateri mu ntera ndende. Nyamara uko ibikorwa remezo byo gusharija bigenda bikura, ubushobozi bwa bateri burenze urugero burahinduka nk'ubudakenewe. Ndizera ko amakamyo akoresha amashanyarazi akomeye azakurikiza inzira nk'iyo. Uko amashanyarazi agenda arushaho kwiyongera, imiterere myiza ya bateri izaboneka nta kabuza.