Isesengura ry’Ingamba: Amasezerano ya Geely na Ford yo gukora imodoka za EV i Valencia, muri Esipanye

Isesengura ryimbitse ry’Amasezerano y’Inganda Akomeye hagati ya Geely na Ford yo Gufatanya Gukora Imodoka z’Amashanyarazi zo mu Gihe Gikurikira mu Kigo cy’Amateka cya Valencia muri Esipanye

1. Intangiriro: Igihe Gishya cy'Ubufatanye mu Binyabiziga bya Transatlantic

Mu gikorwa kigaragaza impinduka zikomeye mu bijyanye n’imodoka mu Burayi, Ford Motor Company na Zhejiang Geely Holding Group barangije amasezerano y’ingamba zo gukora imodoka ashingiye ku ruganda rwa Ford rwa Almussafes ruri i Valencia, muri Esipanye. Ubu bufatanye bugaragaza ubufatanye bw’ibihangange bibiri: uruganda ruzwi cyane rw’Abanyamerika rukora imodoka rurimo guhinduka cyane mu by’amashanyarazi n’ikigo cy’Abashinwa cyabaye icya mbere ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rya EV.

Amasezerano yatangajwe muri Nyakanga 2026, ateganya kuvugurura imwe mu masosiyete y’ingenzi cyane mu Burayi akoreramo imodoka. Binyuze mu nganda za Ford zigezweho ndetse n’imiterere igezweho ya Geely mu bijyanye n’imodoka za EV, aya masosiyete yombi agamije gukemura ikibazo cy’ihangana riri kwiyongera ry’amasosiyete akomeye yo mu Burayi ndetse n’amakipe akina ku isi.

2. Ibikubiye mu nkuru: Kuki Valencia yabereye?

2.1 Akamaro k'ingamba z'uruganda rwa Almussafes

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, uruganda rwa Valencia rwabaye inkingi ikomeye mu bikorwa bya Ford byo mu Burayi, rukora moderi zizwi nka Fiesta na Kuga. Ariko, ubwo Ford yatangiraga kuzamuka igana ku ruganda ruto rw’imodoka za EV mu Burayi, ahazaza h’uruganda hari hibandwaho cyane. Umusaruro mwinshi w’uru ruganda, abakozi babigize umwuga, ndetse no kuba hafi y’inzira nini z’ubwato zo mu nyanja ya Mediterane bituma rugira umukandida mwiza wo kuba ikigo cy’inganda zikora ikoranabuhanga rihanitse.

2.2 Uruhare rwa Guverinoma ya Esipanye

Esipanye ni yo ya kabiri mu bihugu binini bitanga imodoka mu Burayi, kandi guverinoma yakomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kurinda ahazaza h’inganda binyuze mu nkunga ya PERTE (Imishinga y’Ingamba zo Kugarura Ubukungu no Guhindura Imodoka). Inkunga ikomeye n’inkunga ku bikorwa remezo byagize uruhare runini mu gutuma amasezerano ya Ford-Geely atangira gukurikizwa, bituma Esipanye ikomeza kuba ku isonga mu mpinduka zishingiye ku bidukikije.

3. Ibisobanuro birambuye by'Amasezerano

3.1 Imiterere y'Ubufatanye mu Mishinga

Amasezerano agizwe n’ubufatanye mu nganda. Nubwo Ford izakomeza kuba nyir'aho hantu, inzira z'umusaruro zizavugururwa kugira ngo zishyigikire urubuga rwinshi. Ubu buryo bw'"uruganda rusangiwe" butuma amasosiyete yombi agera ku bukungu bw'urwego nta n'umwe muri yo washoboraga kugera ku isoko ry'i Burayi ririho ubu.

3.2 Imbonerahamwe y'ibicuruzwa: Modeli za Ford na Geely

Gahunda igaragaza ikorwa ry'uburyo butandukanye butandukanye guhera mu 2027-2028:

• Imodoka zikoresha ingufu nyinshi za Ford:Imodoka za SUV zo mu gihe kizaza zizatanga amashanyarazi yuzuye ndetse n'izikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
• Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite ikirango cya Geely:By’umwihariko, verisiyo y’i Burayi ya EX2 hamwe n’izindi moderi zishobora kuba zikomoka kuri portfolios nziza za Geely (nka Zeekr cyangwa Lynk & Co).

3.3 Gukwirakwiza ikoranabuhanga no gusangira urubuga

Igice cy'ingenzi cy'amasezerano ni uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwa Geely's Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA). Binyuze mu gukoresha ubu buryo bworoshye kandi bufite imikorere myiza ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'i Burayi, Ford ishobora kwihutisha igihe cyo kugurisha imodoka za EV zihendutse, mu gihe Geely izungukira ku buhanga mu gukora no gukora ibintu mu gace k'i Burayi.

4. Ingaruka ku bukungu n'umurimo

4.1 Kubungabunga akazi no kongera ubumenyi

Uruganda rwa Valencia rukoresha abakozi ibihumbi muri iki gihe. Aya masezerano atanga gahunda y'imyaka myinshi izatuma iyi mirimo ikomeza. Ariko, kuva kuri moteri zikoresha umuriro w'imbere (ICE) ukajya kuri EV bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo kongera ubumenyi. Ayo masezerano arimo ingingo z'uko "Green Academy" nshya mu ruganda izajya ihugura abakozi mu guteranya bateri, sisitemu zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi, na roboti zigezweho.

4.2 Urusobe rw'Ibicuruzwa mu Karere

Ingaruka z'aya masezerano zizagaragara mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka muri Esipanye. Inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu gace zizakenera kuva kuri sisitemu zisohora umwotsi n'amasanduku y'amashanyarazi kugeza ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho bicunga ubushyuhe. Kuba hafi y'uruganda rushya rwa PowerCo (Volkswagen Group) ruri i Sagunto birushaho kuzamura urwego rw'akarere nk' "ikibaya cy'amashanyarazi."

5. Ingaruka z'ingamba ku isoko mpuzamahanga

5.1 Imigambi ya Geely ku Burayi

Kuri Geely, aya masezerano ni ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda inzitizi zishobora kubaho mu bucuruzi. Mu gukora imodoka mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Geely ishobora kwirinda imisoro myinshi y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga no guhindura neza ibicuruzwa byayo kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo abaguzi bakunze kugenderaho. Ibi bigaragaza impinduka kuri Geely kuva mu kuba umucuruzi w’Abashinwa wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kugera mu kuba uruganda rw’i Burayi rwo mu gace runaka.

5.2 Ingamba za Ford zo mu Burayi zidafite imiterere y'ifaranga

Kuri Ford, ubufatanye butuma ikomeza kugira uruhare runini mu ishami ry’ubucuruzi bwa EV ku isoko rinini nta kiguzi kinini cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere cyo guteza imbere buri porogaramu. Ikurikiza icyitegererezo cyatsinze cy’ubufatanye bwa Ford-Volkswagen (MEB platform) ariko ikacyagura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukora buhuriweho cyane.

6. Ingorane n'Ingaruka

6.1 Guhuza umuco n'imikorere

Guhuza imico y’ikigo cy’icyamamare gikorera i Detroit n’ikinyuranyo gikorera i Hangzhou mu mikorere ya Esipanye bizaba bigoye. Guhuza amahame y’ubuziranenge, filozofiya y’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, n’uburyo bw’imicungire bizaba ari byo nshingano y’ibanze y’itsinda rihuriweho ry’ubuyobozi.

6.2 Imiyaga ikomeye ya politiki y'isi

Inganda z’imodoka zikomeje kugaragara mu bibazo by’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu by’Iburengerazuba n’Ubushinwa. Nubwo aya masezerano ari amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bwite, azakurikiranwa cyane n’abashinzwe kugenzura i Buruseli na Washington. Kugira ngo uyu mushinga ugende neza biterwa n’imiterere ihamye y’amategeko agenga ubuzima bwite bw’amakuru mu binyabiziga bifitanye isano n’ibisabwa mu gushaka batiri.

7. Umwanzuro: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ejo hazaza

Amasezerano ya Ford-Geely muri Esipanye arenze amasezerano yo kubaka imodoka gusa; ni igishushanyo mbonera cy'ejo hazaza h'inganda z'imodoka ku isi. Yemeza ko muri iki gihe cyo gutanga amashanyarazi, ubufatanye akenshi burushaho kuba bukomeye kuruta ipiganwa ry'ukuri. Mu guhuza ubuhanga mu gukora ibintu bya kera n'ikoranabuhanga rishya, Ford na Geely ntabwo bikiza uruganda gusa—barimo bagena igice gikurikira cy'ingendo z'i Burayi.

8. Ubuhanga bwo kwibira mu mazi: Urubuga rwa Geely's SEA mu rwego rw'i Burayi

Geely's Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) ifatwa cyane nk'imwe muri porogaramu za EV zoroshye cyane ku isi. Itangirana n'igice cya A kugeza igice cya E ndetse ikubiyemo n'ibikoresho by'imodoka z'ubucuruzi. Verisiyo yitezwe gukorerwa i Valencia ishobora kuba irimo:

• Imiterere y'amashanyarazi ya 800V:Bituma habaho umuvuduko wo gusharija wihuta cyane (10% kugeza 80% mu minota iri munsi ya 18).
• Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukoresha telefoni (CTP):Kugabanya uburemere bwa bateri no kongera ubucucike bw'ingufu, ni ingenzi ku bikenewe mu gihe kirekire n'abashoferi b'i Burayi.
• ADAS igezweho:Guhuza sisitemu nshya za Geely zo gufasha gutwara imodoka zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, zigenewe ibimenyetso by'imihanda byo mu Burayi n'ibidukikije byo mu mijyi.

9. Intego z'ibidukikije n'iterambere rirambye

Ubufatanye bwa Ford-Geely bugamije gutuma uruganda rwa Valencia ruhinduka "Carbon Neutral Hub" bitarenze 2035. Ibi bikubiyemo:

• Guhuza imirasire y'izuba na PV:Gutwikira igisenge cy'uruganda n'aho baparika imodoka hakoreshejwe metero kare zisaga 100.000 z'imirasire y'izuba.
• Gusubiramo ibintu mu buryo bufunze:Ubufatanye n'abashinzwe kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo muri Esipanye kugira ngo barebe ko ibisigazwa bya aluminiyumu n'ibyuma byavuye mu gikorwa cyo kubitunganya bihita bitunganywa.
• Hydrogen y'icyatsi kibisi:Gusuzuma ikoreshwa rya hydrogen y'icyatsi kibisi mu bikorwa by'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubwikorezi bw'uruganda.

10. Isesengura ry'igereranya: Uburyo aya masezerano ahindura imiterere y'irushanwa

Ubu bufatanye burwanya mu buryo butaziguye imbaraga za Volkswagen Group na Stellantis mu majyepfo y'u Burayi.

• Ugereranije na Volkswagen:Nubwo VW ifite urubuga rwayo rwa MEB, urubuga rwa Geely SEA rufatwa nk'urufite modular kandi rushobora kuba ruhendutse ku modoka nto kandi zigezweho.
• Ikinyuranyo na Tesla:Mu gushyira ibicuruzwa muri Esipanye mu mwanya wabyo, Geely na Ford bashobora guhangana na Tesla's Berlin Gigafactory ku giciro n'igihe cyo kubitanga, mu gihe batanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiterere y'umubiri wabo.

11. Guteza imbere ubwikorezi n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa

Icyambu cya Valencia kizagira uruhare runini. Ayo masezerano arimo gahunda z'uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu "bujya ku cyambu" aho imodoka zarangije gushyirwa mu bwato bwa Ro-Ro (Roll-on/Roll-off) mu masaha make nyuma yo kuva ku murongo w'imodoka, zijya mu masoko yo mu Bwongereza, mu Butaliyani no muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ububiko bw'ibikoresho n'igabanuka ry'umuyoboro w'itumanaho ukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.

12. Ingaruka z'ingamba ku mubano wa Amerika n'Ubushinwa mu nganda

Aya masezerano ni urugero rukomeye rw' "Ubufatanye." Nubwo Amerika n'Ubushinwa ari abanywanyi mu nzego nyinshi, aya masezerano agaragaza ko ku rwego rw'inganda, inyungu rusange zishobora kurengera amakimbirane ya politiki. Ni urugero rw'igerageza ry'uburyo ikoranabuhanga ry'Ubushinwa rishobora kwinjizwa mu nganda z'inganda zo mu Burengerazuba bw'isi mu buryo buhaza amasendika y'abakozi bo mu gace n'ibibazo by'umutekano w'igihugu.

13. Umwanzuro: Ikimera cya Valencia nk'ikimenyetso cyo kwihangana

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ahazaza h'uruganda rwa Almussafes hari hatazwi neza. Uyu munsi, binyuze muri aya masezerano y'amateka hagati ya Geely na Ford, ahagaze nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubudahangarwa bw'inganda z'imodoka. Bigaragaza ko binyuze mu kwakira ikoranabuhanga rishya, guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga, no gushora imari mu bantu, umurage w'ikorwa ry'imodoka zo mu Burayi ntushobora gukomeza kubaho gusa ahubwo ukanatera imbere mu gihe cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

14. Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Umuhanda wa Mediterane

Uruganda rwa Valencia ruherereye ahantu heza ku nkengero z'umuhanda wa Mediterane, umuhanda w'ingenzi wa gari ya moshi n'umuhanda wambukiranya Uburayi.

• Guhuza gari ya moshi:Amasezerano arimo kubaka ikigo gishya cya gari ya moshi mu nyubako z’uruganda kugira ngo habeho gutwara bateri ziva mu ruganda runini rwa Sagunto no kohereza imodoka zarangiye mu majyaruguru y’Uburayi binyuze muri gari ya moshi, bigabanye cyane ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa biva mu ruganda.
• Ibice byo mu gace:Biteganijwe ko hejuru ya 60% by'agaciro k'imodoka zakorewe i Valencia zizava mu bacuruza imodoka bo muri Esipanye, harimo intebe, imitako y'imbere, n'ibice by'inyubako.

15. Ikintu cy'abantu: Ibiganiro Mbonezamubano n'Amasendika y'Abakozi

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi cyane mu masezerano ya Geely-Ford ni inkunga ya UGT (Union General de Trabajadores). Mu kwemeranya ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukora no kwitabira gahunda zo kongera ubumenyi, amashyirahamwe y’abakozi yagize uruhare runini mu gutuma Valencia iba amahitamo meza kurusha andi masosiyete ya Ford mu Budage cyangwa muri Rumaniya.

16. Kugereranya Valencia n'ikigo cya Ford cya Cologne EV Center

Nubwo uruganda rwa Ford Cologne rwibanda kuri Explorer na Capri ikorera muri MEB, uruganda rwa Valencia ruzaba rufite ubwinshi butandukanye. Mu guhuza urubuga rwa Geely rwa SEA hamwe n’urundi rubuga rwa Ford rukoresha ingufu nyinshi, Valencia iba ikigo gifite ubushobozi bwo guhinduranya ibicuruzwa, gishobora kuzenguruka mu byiciro bitandukanye by’isoko uko abaguzi barushaho kwiyongera.

17. Ishyirwa mu mwanya ry'ikirango cya Geely: Kuva ku isoko rikuru kugeza ku isoko ry'agaciro

Mu gukora i Burayi, Geely irimo kugaragaza impinduka mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikirango cyayo. Imodoka zizava i Valencia ntizizagurishwa nk’ “amahitamo y’ingengo y’imari” ahubwo zizagurishwa nk’imodoka zigezweho kandi zigezweho. Iyi ngamba igamije kubaka ubucuruzi bw’ikirango mu gihe kirekire ku isoko ry’imodoka risaba akazi kenshi ku isi.

18. Amahirwe yo kwaguka mu gihe kizaza: Icyiciro cya 2

Amasezerano ariho ubu areba igihe kugeza mu 2032. Ariko, amasosiyete yombi yagaragaje ko icyiciro cya mbere nigitera imbere, icyiciro cya kabiri gishobora kuba gikubiyemo ishyirwaho ry’ikigo gihuriweho cy’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere i Valencia, cyibanda ku buryo bwo guhuza porogaramu n’ikoranabuhanga byihariye by’i Burayi.

19. Ibitekerezo bya nyuma: Ingamba z'ubuhanga mu by'ingamba

Amasezerano y’inganda za Ford-Geely ni ingamba zikomeye zikemura ibibazo bikomeye by’inganda z’imodoka muri iki gihe: gukenera ubunini, umuvuduko w’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga, n’ubukana bw’urusobe rw’ibikoresho ku isi. Kuri Valencia, muri Esipanye, no mu nganda z’imodoka zo mu Burayi muri rusange, ubu bufatanye ni urumuri rw’icyizere n’icyitegererezo cy’ubufatanye bw’ejo hazaza.