Maukadaulo Ozizira Madzi Opita Patsogolo mu BESS DC Chargers

Yankho Lachangu

Kuziziritsa madzi mu ma charger a BESS DC kumathetsa mavuto awiri otchuka kwambiri pakuchaja kwa EV kwamphamvu kwambiri: kuchotsa kutentha kuchokera ku zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zingwe zochajira, ndikusunga mabatire pamalo otentha omwe amasunga moyo wa kuzungulira. Ma charger a 480 kW oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya amayendetsa mphamvu yamagetsi munyengo yotentha ndipo amafuna zingwe zolemera kwambiri kotero kuti oyendetsa amavutika kuzigwira; makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amasunga mphamvu yonse ya 480–600 kW kutentha kozungulira mpaka 50 °C ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopepuka za 500 A+ zomwe zimalemera pafupifupi theka la njira zina zachizolowezi. Kumbali yosungira, mapaketi a LFP oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amasunga kutentha kwa selo kupita ku selo mkati mwa ±2 °C, kukulitsa moyo wa kuzungulira kuchokera pa ziwerengero zachizolowezi zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya za ma cycles 4,000–6,000 mpaka ma cycles 8,000–10,000. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, zotsatira zake ndi zoyezera: kWh yotumizidwa kwambiri pa charger patsiku, moyo wautali wa katundu, komanso mtengo wotsika wa umwini - ndichifukwa chake kuziziritsa madzi tsopano ndiye kapangidwe kake ka 240 kW ndi kupitirira apo.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Kuziziritsa kwa madzi kumasunga mphamvu zonse zotulutsa mpweya pamalo otentha kwambiri pomwe ma charger oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya amatsika ndi 15-30%.
• Zingwe zochapira zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zimapereka mphamvu yopitilira 500 A+ mu ma conductor opepuka komanso osinthasintha — zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya hypercharging ya 600 kW ikhale yokwera kwambiri.
• Mapaketi a BESS oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amakhala ndi kutentha kofanana kwa maselo a ±2 °C, zomwe zimathandiza kuti maselo azikhala ndi moyo wa 8,000–10,000 poyerekeza ndi 4,000–6,000 pamapaketi oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya.
• Malupu oziziritsira madzi otsekedwa (omwe ali ndi IP65, omwe amawunikidwa ngati ozizira) amadula fumbi ndi dzimbiri — zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a zamagetsi m'misewu.
• Ngakhale mtengo woyamba ndi wokwera ndi 10-20%, makina ozizira ndi madzi amapereka mphamvu yowonjezera ndi 5-15% pachaka komanso moyo wautali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti TCO ya zaka 10 ikhale yabwino ndi 15-30%.

Vuto la Kutentha Pakuchaja Kwamphamvu Kwambiri

Kilowati iliyonse yoperekedwa kudzera mu chojambulira cha DC imatulutsa kutentha kotayika. Chojambulira cha 480 kW chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino 96% chimakana kutentha kwa pafupifupi 19 kW - kokwanira kutentha nyumba ziwiri zapakati. Mkati mwa chotchingiracho, kutentha kumeneko kumakhazikika m'malo atatu: ma module amphamvu a AC/DC, ma converter a DC/DC, ndi cholumikizira chingwe chochajira. Chipinda cha batri chimawonjezera vuto lachinayi: mphamvu zamagetsi zochajira ndi zotulutsa zimatenthetsa maselo okha, ndipo kutentha ndi mdani wa njira iliyonse yamagetsi mu selo ya lithiamu.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kuziziritsa mpweya mokakamizidwa kunathandiza kuchepetsa vutoli. Koma zinthu ziwiri zapangitsa kuti kuziziritsa mpweya kupitirire malire ake:

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu.Ma charger asintha kuchoka pa 60 kW kufika pa 240 kW kufika pa 480 kW ndipo tsopano ma platform a 600 kW omwe ali mkati mwa malo omwewo otsekedwa. Kuziziritsa mpweya sikukula bwino: mafani akukulirakulira, zosefera zimatsekeka mwachangu, ndipo malo otsekedwawo amafunika malo ambiri opumira mpweya omwe amalola fumbi, mchere, ndi chinyezi kulowa. 2.Zoona za kutentha kwa malo ozungulira.Ma charger a pamsewu waukulu ku Spain, Texas, Middle East, ndi Australia amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa 40–50°C. Makina ozizira mpweya amachepa mphamvu pamene heatsink ikuyandikira malire ake - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti charger yomwe ili ndi 480 kW mu labu imapereka 350–410 kW mu Julayi.

Chilango cha kuwononga mphamvu si chabodza. Pa charger ya msewu wa magawo 24 patsiku, kuwononga mphamvu kwapakati pa 20% nthawi yachilimwe kumawononga pafupifupi 400–600 kWh patsiku ya kutayika kwa mphamvu — makumi ambiri a kWh pachaka, ndalama zokwana $5,000–$15,000 kutengera mtengo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kuzizira kwa Mpweya vs Kuzizira kwa Madzi: Kuyerekeza kwa Uinjiniya

Gome ili likuwonetsa mfundo ya kapangidwe: kuziziritsa madzi si chinthu chapamwamba koma ukadaulo wothandiza wa kalasi ya magwiridwe antchito ya 240 kW–1 MW. Pansi pa 180 kW, kuziziritsa mpweya kumakhalabe kopikisana pamtengo; pamwamba pa zimenezo, fizikisi imakonda madzi.

Zingwe Zoziziritsidwa ndi Madzi: Kuyambitsa Mphamvu Yopitirira ya 500A+

Chingwe chochajira ndi komwe madalaivala amamva kapangidwe ka kutentha. Mphamvu yopitilira 600 kudzera mu kondakitala wamba wamkuwa imapanga kutentha kwakukulu, kotero zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya zimathandizira ma kondakitala akuluakulu - zotsatira zake zimakhala chingwe cholemera komanso cholimba kotero kuti madalaivala - makamaka madalaivala akale kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira za CCS2 pamakona ovuta - amavutika kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Ukadaulo wa chingwe choziziritsidwa ndi madzi umathetsa vutoli mwa kufalitsa choziziritsira kudzera m'njira zomwe zalumikizidwa mu jekete la chingwe, moyandikana ndi ma conductor onyamula magetsi. Choziziritsiracho chimatulutsa kutentha komwe kumachokera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti conductor yaying'ono yodutsa m'gawo limodzi ikhale ndi magetsi omwewo:

• Kuchuluka kwa pano:500–600 A yopitilira pa chingwe chilichonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 600 kW iyambe kuyatsa pa zomangamanga za 800–1000 V popanda kutenthedwa kwambiri.
• Kulemera ndi kusinthasintha:40–55% yopepuka kuposa zingwe zofanana zoziziritsidwa ndi mpweya, zokhala ndi utali wopindika kwambiri — kusintha kwa dalaivala mwachindunji komanso kuchepetsa kutopa kwa makina a robotic kapena automated plug-in.
• Kutentha kwa cholumikizira:Imasungidwa pansi pa 55 °C pa mphamvu yonse, kuteteza malo olumikizirana ndi malo olowera galimoto.

Mphamvu imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa [mapulatifomu a MIDA a 600 kW oziziritsidwa ndi madzi] (https://www.midapower.com/), komwe makina a chingwe ndi chojambulira zimagawana chizunguliro chofanana cha coolant ndi chowongolera — kapangidwe kamene kamasunga njira yonse ya kutentha pansi pa makina amodzi owunikira.

Kusamalira Kutentha kwa Mbali ya Batri: Moyo wa Mzunguliro Ndi Nkhani ya Kutentha

Kwa BESS mu malo ochajira, kuziziritsa sikutanthauza kugwira ntchito bwino pakadali pano — koma ndi moyo wonse. Maselo a Lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) amawonongeka mofulumira kutentha kwakukulu ndipo, moopsa, amawonongeka mosiyana pamene paketi ili ndi malo otentha ndi ozizira. Selo lotentha kwambiri limaletsa nthawi yogwirira ntchito ya paketi yonse ndipo limasankha nthawi yosinthira.

Kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kumasintha njira yokalamba ya batri:

Kachitidwe kake ndi kosavuta: choziziritsira chamadzimadzi chokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yotenthetsera komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi ambiri chimatulutsa kutentha kuchokera ku mbale zozizira pokhudzana mwachindunji ndi ma module a selo. Chifukwa njira yoziziritsira imaphimba module iliyonse mofanana, paketiyo imagwira ntchito pafupi ndi kutentha kwake koyenera kulikonse - kukalamba pang'onopang'ono, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ulendo wobwerera, komanso kuchepetsa chitetezo.

Kwa BESS yomwe imameta tsitsi tsiku lililonse, kusiyana pakati pa ma cycle 6,000 ndi 10,000 ndi zaka zitatu kapena zisanu zowonjezera za ntchito - zomwe zimasintha njira yazachuma kuchokera ku "kusintha batri pakati pa ntchito" kupita ku "batri imapitirira chojambulira."

Chitetezo, Kusindikiza, ndi Chitsimikizo

Kuziziritsa madzi kumabweretsa madzi mu zida zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti uinjiniya wachitetezo ndi satifiketi zikhale zofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe kake. Mapangidwe odalirika - ndi omwe oyang'anira ndi makampani a inshuwaransi amavomereza - ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Malupu otsekedwa, otsekedwayokhala ndi dielectric coolant, yoyesedwa kuti igwire ntchito nthawi yonse ya zida, kuchotsa kwathunthu gulu la zoopsa za "madzi + magetsi".
• Ma enclosures ovoteledwa ndi IP65popanda mipata yopumira: fumbi, kupopera mchere, ndi tizilombo sitingalowe, zomwe zimachepetsa mwachindunji njira zolephera m'munda zomwe zimalamulira ziwerengero zamagetsi zam'mbali mwa msewu.
• Kuzindikira kutayikira ndi kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazindi kuzimitsa chojambulira chokha komanso kupereka malipoti a zolakwika kudzera pa OCPP.
• Kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili mufiriji(kuyendetsa bwino magetsi, kuchuluka kwa madzi, kutentha) zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu EMS, ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito ya zaka 5-10.
• Kufunika kwa satifiketi: IEC 61851, IEC 62196, ndi UL 2594 ya makina ochapira; UL 9540 / IEC 62933 ya makina osungira; IP65 pa IEC 60529 iliyonse.

Izi ndi zofunikira zomwe zimafunika mu firiji. Chingwe chotsekedwa choziziritsidwa ndi madzi sichikhala chokhazikika kwamuyaya, koma njira zake zolephera ndizosowa, zodziwikiratu, komanso zowoneka patali — mosiyana ndi makina a fan-and-filter omwe amawonongeka mwakachetechete pamene zosefera zimatsekeka.

Kusamalira ndi Zachuma Zamoyo

Chotsutsana ndi kuzizira kwa madzi ndi zovuta — malingaliro akuti mapampu ndi choziziritsira ziyenera kukhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa mafani. Zambiri zakumunda ndi zolemba zautumiki wa OEM zimafotokoza nkhani yosiyana:

Onjezani mphamvu ndi zotsatira zake — palibe kusokonekera kwa chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka, nthawi yayitali ya batri — ndipo kuyerekeza kwa TCO kwa zaka 10 ndikotsimikizika: makina oziziritsidwa ndi madzi nthawi zambiri amapereka TCO yotsika ndi 15-30% kuposa ma equivalents ozizira ndi mpweya pa 240 kW ndi kupitirira apo, ngakhale kuti mtengo wake ndi 10-20% ya mtengo woyamba. Mtengo wake umalipidwa kamodzi; chilango chosokoneza ndi kusintha batri zimabwereranso chaka chilichonse.

Mtengo Wonse wa Eni ake Mwachidule

Mapeto

Kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kwapamwamba ndi ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wa nthawi yochapira yamphamvu kwambiri. Kumasunga mphamvu zonse mu kutentha kwa chipululu, kumapangitsa kuti kuyatsa kwa 600 kW kugwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zopepuka za 500 A+, ndikuchulukitsa moyo wa BESS kudzera mu kutentha kwa selo komwe kumafanana - zonsezi pamene kumachepetsa kukonza ndikuchotsa njira zolephera zoyendetsedwa ndi fumbi za malo opumulira mpweya. Chigawo chilichonse cha unyolo wamtengo wapatali - mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, moyo wa katundu, luso la woyendetsa, mtengo wa O&M - chimakula. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufotokoza 240 kW ndi kupitirira apo, kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi si njira yabwino kwambiri; ndi njira yolondola yogwiritsira ntchito uinjiniya. Onaninso [liquid-cooled DC fast charging portfolio ya MIDA](https://www.midapower.com/) ndi [mapangidwe a BESS thermal management reference](https://www.midapower.com/) kuti mudziwe zambiri zogwira ntchito pamalo omwe tsamba lanu lili.

FAQ

1. Kodi kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi mu chojambulira cha DC n'chiyani?Kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kumazungulira choziziritsira kudzera m'ma mbale ozizira ndi njira za chingwe kuti zichotse kutentha kuchokera ku zamagetsi zamagetsi, mabatire, ndi zingwe zochapira mwachindunji, m'malo modalira mafani ndi mpweya wozungulira.

2. N’chifukwa chiyani kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kumafunika kuti magetsi a EV akhale amphamvu kwambiri?Kuzizira kwa mpweya kopitirira 240 kW sikungachotse kutentha kotayika mwachangu m'malo otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutulutsa kwa madzi kusokonezeke; kuzizira kwamadzimadzi kumasunga mphamvu zonse ndipo kumalola zingwe zopepuka za 500–600 A.

3. Kodi kuziziritsa madzi kumathandiza bwanji kuti nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chaja ikhale yotsika kwambiri?Makina otsekedwa ndi madzi ozizira amachotsa kuyeretsa kwa zosefera ndi kulephera kwa mafani, kuchepetsa O&M ya pachaka ndi 50–70% ndikuchotsa kutayika kwa magetsi m'chilimwe, komwe kumatha kuwonjezera 5–15% pakutumiza mphamvu pachaka.

4. Kodi zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya 500 A mosalekeza?Inde. Zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi zokhala ndi njira zoziziritsira zolumikizidwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 500–600 A pomwe zimakhala zosinthasintha komanso zopepuka — ukadaulo wothandiza pakuchaja kwa 600 kW.

5. Kodi kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kumawonjezera moyo wa batri mu BESS?Inde. Mapaketi a LFP oziziritsidwa ndi madzi amakhala ndi kutentha kofanana kwa maselo a ±2 °C, omwe amathandiza ma cycle 8,000–10,000 poyerekeza ndi 4,000–6,000 pamapaketi oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya wamba — moyo wautali wa ntchito ndi 50–100%.

6. Kodi kuziziritsa madzi ndi kotetezeka pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi amphamvu?Inde, zikapangidwa bwino: ma loops otsekedwa amagwiritsa ntchito dielectric coolant, ma enclosures amafika pa IP65, ndipo kuwunikira kutayikira/kuthamanga kumayambitsa kuzimitsa kokha komanso ma alarm akutali.

7. Kodi phindu la kusankha kuziziritsa madzi ndi lotani?Pa mphamvu ya 240 kW ndi kupitirira apo, mtengo woyamba wa 10–20% umabwezedwa kudzera mu kuchotsa kutayika kwa magetsi, kuchepetsa O&M, komanso kupewa kusintha mabatire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wonse wa umwini ukhale wotsika ndi 15–30% pazaka 10.