Fasahar Sanyaya Ruwa Mai Ci Gaba a cikin Caja ta BESS DC

Amsa Mai Sauri

Sanyaya ruwa a cikin caja na BESS DC yana magance matsaloli biyu mafi zafi a cikin caji mai ƙarfi na EV: watsar da zafi daga na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi da kebul na caji, da kuma kiyaye ƙwayoyin batir a yanayin zafi iri ɗaya wanda ke kiyaye rayuwar zagayowar. Caja masu sanyaya iska 480 kW suna rage fitarwa a yanayin zafi kuma suna buƙatar kebul masu nauyi har direbobi suna fama da su; tsarin sanyaya ruwa yana tallafawa cikakken fitarwa 480–600 kW a yanayin zafi har zuwa 50 °C kuma suna amfani da kebul masu sauƙi 500 A+ waɗanda ke da nauyin kusan rabin madadin gargajiya. A gefen ajiya, fakitin LFP masu sanyaya ruwa suna riƙe yaduwar zafin jiki na cell-to-cell a cikin ±2 °C, suna tsawaita rayuwar zagayowar daga adadi na yau da kullun na sanyaya iska na zagayowar 4,000–6,000 zuwa zagayowar 8,000–10,000. Ga masu aiki, sakamakon aiki ana iya aunawa: ƙarin kWh da aka isar a kowace caja a rana, tsawon rayuwar kadara, da ƙarancin jimlar farashin mallaka - shi ya sa sanyaya ruwa yanzu shine tsarin asali na 240 kW da sama.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• Sanyaya ruwa yana kiyaye cikakken fitarwa a cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa inda caja masu sanyaya iska ke raguwa da kashi 15-30%.
• Kebul ɗin caji masu sanyaya ruwa suna isar da wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da ƙarfin A+ 500 a cikin na'urori masu sauƙin nauyi da sassauƙa - suna ba da damar caji mai ƙarfi na 600 kW.
• Fakitin BESS masu sanyaya ruwa suna samun daidaiton zafin sel ±2°C, suna tallafawa tsawon zagayowar rayuwa tsakanin 8,000–10,000 idan aka kwatanta da 4,000–6,000 ga fakitin da ke sanyaya iska.
• Madaukai masu sanyaya ruwa da aka rufe (wanda aka yi wa gwajin IP65, ana sa ido kan yanayin sanyaya) suna rage ƙura da lalacewar tsatsa - babban abin da ke haifar da matsalolin lantarki a wuraren da ke gefen hanya.
• Duk da cewa farashin farko ya fi 10-20% girma, tsarin sanyaya ruwa yana samar da ƙarin ƙarfin makamashi na 5-15% a kowace shekara da tsawon rai, wanda ke inganta TCO na shekaru 10 da 15-30%.

Matsalar Zafi a Cajin Mai Amfani da Wuta Mai Kyau

Kowace kilowatt da aka kawo ta hanyar caja ta DC tana samar da zafi mara kyau. Caja mai ƙarfin 480 kW wacce ke aiki da inganci 96% tana ƙin kusan kW 19 na zafi - wanda ya isa ya ɗumama gidaje biyu na matsakaici. A cikin katangar, wannan zafin yana taruwa a wurare uku: na'urorin wutar AC/DC, na'urorin canza DC/DC, da kuma mahaɗin kebul na caji. Ɗakin batirin yana ƙara matsala ta huɗu: kwararar caji da fitarwa suna ɗumama ƙwayoyin da kansu, kuma zafi shine maƙiyin kowane tsari na lantarki a cikin ƙwayar lithium.

Tsawon shekaru da dama, sanyaya iska ta hanyar amfani da iska mai ƙarfi ta shawo kan waɗannan matsaloli. Amma sau biyu sun sa sanyaya iska ta wuce iyaka:

1. Ƙaruwar yawan ƙarfi.Caja sun koma daga 60 kW zuwa 240 kW zuwa 480 kW kuma yanzu dandamali na aji 600 kW suna cikin sawun murfin. Sanyaya iska ba ta da kyau: fanka suna ƙara ƙarfi, matatun suna toshewa da sauri, kuma rufin yana buƙatar ƙarin buɗewar iska wanda ke barin ƙura, gishiri, da danshi. 2.Yanayin zafin yanayi.Cajin manyan hanyoyi a Spain, Texas, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Ostiraliya suna aiki a yanayin zafi na 40-50 °C. Tsarin sanyaya iska yana rage fitarwa yayin da dumama ke gab da ƙarewa - ma'ana caja da aka kimanta 480 kW a dakin gwaje-gwaje yana isar da 350-410 kW a watan Yuli.

Hukuncin yanke hukunci ba na nazari ba ne. A kan na'urar caji ta hanya mai zaman 24 a kowace rana, matsakaicin kashi 20% na cirewa a lokacin bazara yana kashe kusan 400-600 kWh a kowace rana na asarar isar da makamashi - dubban kWh a kowace shekara, wanda darajarsa ta kai $5,000-$15,000 a cikin kudaden shiga ya danganta da jadawalin kuɗin shiga da amfani.

Sanyaya Iska da Sanyaya Ruwa: Kwatancen Injiniya

Teburin ya bayyana dabarun ƙira: sanyaya ruwa ba wani abu ne mai daɗi ba amma fasahar da ke ba da damar aiki ga ajin aiki na 240 kW–1 MW. Ƙasa da 180 kW, sanyaya iska ta kasance mai gasa akan farashi; sama da haka, kimiyyar lissafi ta fi son ruwa.

Kebulan da Aka Sanyaya da Ruwa: Yana kunna wutar lantarki mai ci gaba da aiki 500A+

Kebul ɗin caji shine inda direbobi ke jin ƙirar zafi. Wutar lantarki mai ci gaba ta 600 A ta hanyar na'urar sarrafa jan ƙarfe ta gargajiya tana samar da zafi mai ƙarfi, don haka kebul masu sanyaya iska suna daidaita da manyan masu sarrafa wutar lantarki - sakamakon shine kebul mai nauyi da tauri wanda direbobi - musamman tsofaffin direbobi ko waɗanda ke amfani da haɗin CCS2 a kusurwoyi marasa kyau - suna wahalar amfani da shi.

Fasahar kebul mai sanyaya ruwa tana magance wannan ta hanyar zagayawa da na'urar sanyaya ta hanyar hanyoyin da aka haɗa cikin jaket ɗin kebul, kusa da masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki. Na'urar sanyaya iska tana fitar da zafi mai jurewa a tushen, wanda ke ba ƙaramin na'urar sanyaya iska damar ɗaukar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya:

• Yawan yanzu:500–600 A ci gaba da caji a kowace kebul, wanda ke ba da damar caji 600 kW akan tsarin V 800–1000 ba tare da zafi sosai ba.
• Nauyi da sassauci:Kebulan da ke sanyaya iska sun fi sauƙi kashi 40–55%, tare da radius mai ƙarfi na lanƙwasa - haɓaka ƙwarewar direba kai tsaye da rage gajiya ga tsarin robotic ko tsarin plug-in ta atomatik.
• Zafin mahaɗi:a ajiye a ƙasa da 55°C a cikakken wutar lantarki, yana kare saman haɗin da kuma hanyar shiga abin hawa.

Wannan ƙarfin yana da mahimmanci ga [tsarin MIDA mai ƙarfin sanyaya ruwa mai ƙarfin 600 kW](https://www.midapower.com/), inda tsarin kebul da caja ke raba madauri da mai sarrafawa iri ɗaya — ƙira ce da ke kiyaye dukkan hanyar zafi a ƙarƙashin tsarin sa ido ɗaya.

Gudanar da Zafin Batir: Rayuwar Zagaye Labari ne na Zafin Jiki

Ga BESS a tashar caji, sanyaya ba game da aiki a wannan lokacin ba ne - yana game da rayuwa ne. Kwayoyin Lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) suna raguwa da sauri a yanayin zafi mai yawa kuma, a zahiri, suna raguwa ba daidai ba lokacin da fakitin ke da wurare masu zafi da sanyi. Tantanin halitta mafi zafi yana iyakance tagar aiki mai aminci na fakitin gaba ɗaya kuma yana ƙayyade lokacin maye gurbin.

Sanyaya ruwa yana canza yanayin tsufan batirin:

Tsarin yana da sauƙi: na'urar sanyaya ruwa mai ƙarfin zafi mai yawa da kuma yawan kwararar ruwa mai yawa tana fitar da zafi daga faranti masu sanyi a cikin hulɗa kai tsaye da na'urorin tantanin halitta. Saboda hanyar sanyaya tana rufe kowace na'ura daidai gwargwado, na'urar tana aiki kusa da yanayin zafin da ya dace a ko'ina - tsufa a hankali, ingantaccen aiki na dawowa, da ƙarancin lalacewar kariya.

Ga BESS wanda ke zagayawa kowace rana a cikin aikin aski mai ƙarfi, bambancin da ke tsakanin zagayawa 6,000 da 10,000 shine ƙarin shekaru uku zuwa biyar na aiki - wanda ke canza tsarin kuɗi daga "maye gurbin baturi a tsakiyar aiki" zuwa "batir ya fi ƙarfin caji."

Tsaro, Hatimi, da Takaddun Shaida

Sanyaya ruwa yana shigar da ruwa cikin kayan aiki masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi, wanda hakan ke sa injiniyan tsaro da takaddun shaida su zama muhimmin abu ga ƙirar. Tsarin gine-gine masu alhakin - da waɗanda masu tsarawa da masu inshora suka yarda da su - suna raba waɗannan halaye:

• Madaukai a rufe, masu rufewatare da na'urar sanyaya ruwa ta dielectric, wacce aka ƙididdige ta don cikakken rayuwar kayan aiki, tana kawar da aji na haɗarin "ruwa + wutar lantarki" gaba ɗaya.
• Rufe-rufe masu ƙimar IP65ba tare da buɗewar iska ba: ƙura, feshi na gishiri, da kwari ba za su iya shiga ba, wanda hakan ke rage yanayin gazawar filin da ke mamaye ƙididdigar lantarki a gefen hanya.
• Gano zubewa da kuma sa ido kan matsin lambatare da kashe caja ta atomatik da kuma bayar da rahoton kurakurai ta hanyar OCPP.
• Kula da yanayin sanyaya(gudanar da wutar lantarki, yawan kwararar ruwa, zafin jiki) da aka haɗa cikin EMS, tare da tazara tsakanin shekaru 5-10.
• Rufe takardar shaida: IEC 61851, IEC 62196, da UL 2594 don tsarin caji; UL 9540 / IEC 62933 don tsarin ajiya; IP65 bisa ga IEC 60529.

Waɗannan su ne ƙayyadaddun abubuwan da za a buƙata a cikin tayin. Madauri mai sanyaya ruwa da aka rufe ba shi da kariya har abada, amma yanayin gazawarsa ba kasafai ake iya faɗi ba, ana iya faɗi, kuma ana iya gani daga nesa - ba kamar tsarin fan-da-filter wanda ke lalacewa a hankali yayin da matattara ke toshewa.

Tattalin Arzikin Kulawa da Tsarin Rayuwa

Abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai ga sanyaya ruwa shi ne sarkakiya - fahimtar cewa famfo da na'urar sanyaya ruwa dole ne su fi damuwa fiye da fanka. Bayanan filin da bayanan sabis na OEM suna ba da labarin akasin haka:

Ƙara tasirin makamashi da kuɗaɗen shiga — babu rage lokacin bazara, ƙarin ƙarfin aiki na shekara-shekara, tsawon lokacin batirin — kuma kwatancen TCO na shekaru 10 yana da mahimmanci: tsarin sanyaya ruwa yawanci yana samar da ƙarancin TCO 15-30% fiye da daidai da sanyaya iska a 240 kW ko sama da haka, duk da ƙimar farko ta 10-20%. Ana biyan kuɗin sau ɗaya; hukuncin ragewa da maye gurbin batirin suna dawowa kowace shekara.

Jimlar Kudin Mallaka a Kallo

Kammalawa

Sanyin ruwa mai zurfi shine fasaha mai mahimmanci ta zamanin caji mai ƙarfi. Yana riƙe cikakken fitarwa a cikin zafin hamada, yana sa caji 600 kW ta amfani da shi ta hanyar kebul mai sauƙi na A+ 500, kuma yana ninka tsawon rayuwar zagayowar BESS ta hanyar yanayin zafin tantanin halitta iri ɗaya - duk yayin da yake rage kulawa da kawar da yanayin gazawar da ƙura ke haifarwa na wuraren da iska ke shiga. Kowane ɓangare na sarkar ƙima - yawan kuzari, tsawon rayuwar kadarori, ƙwarewar direba, farashin O&M - yana inganta. Ga masu aiki waɗanda ke ƙayyade 240 kW zuwa sama, sanyaya ruwa ba zaɓi ne mai kyau ba; shine madaidaicin tushen injiniya. Yi bita [fayil ɗin caji mai sauri na DC mai sanyaya ruwa](https://www.midapower.com/) da [tsarin kula da zafi na BESS](https://www.midapower.com/) don ingantattun bayanai na aiki a yanayin yanayin gidan yanar gizon ku.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Menene sanyaya ruwa a cikin caja ta DC?Sanyaya ruwa yana zagaya na'urar sanyaya ta cikin faranti masu sanyi da hanyoyin kebul don fitar da zafi daga na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki, batura, da kebul na caji kai tsaye, maimakon dogaro da fanka da iskar da ke kewaye.

2. Me yasa ake buƙatar sanyaya ruwa don caji mai ƙarfi na EV?Sama da 240 kW, sanyaya iska ba zai iya cire zafi da sauri ba a yanayin zafi, wanda ke haifar da cirewar fitarwa; sanyaya ruwa yana kiyaye cikakken iko kuma yana ba da damar kebul mai sauƙi na 500–600 A.

3. Nawa ne sanyaya ruwa ke inganta lokacin caji?Tsarin sanyaya ruwa da aka rufe yana kawar da lalacewar tacewa da kuma lalacewar fanka, yana rage yawan iska da iska da ake shaka a kowace shekara da kashi 50-70% da kuma cire rage zafi a lokacin rani, wanda zai iya ƙara kashi 5-15% ga isar da makamashi na shekara-shekara.

4. Shin kebul masu sanyaya ruwa suna ɗaukar 500 A akai-akai?Eh. Kebulan da aka sanyaya da ruwa tare da tashoshin sanyaya da aka haɗa suna ɗauke da wutar lantarki mai ci gaba 500–600 A yayin da suke kasancewa masu sassauƙa da haske — fasahar da ke ba da damar caji mai ƙarfin kW 600.

5. Shin sanyaya ruwa yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar batir a cikin BESS?Eh. Fakitin LFP masu sanyaya ruwa suna kiyaye daidaiton zafin ƙwayar halitta na ±2°C, suna tallafawa zagayowar 8,000–10,000 idan aka kwatanta da 4,000–6,000 ga fakitin da aka sanyaya iska na yau da kullun - tsawon lokacin sabis na 50–100%.

6. Shin sanyaya ruwa yana da aminci idan aka yi amfani da kayan aiki masu ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi?Eh, idan aka ƙera shi yadda ya kamata: madaukai da aka rufe suna amfani da na'urar sanyaya ruwa ta dielectric, wuraren rufewa suna samun IP65, kuma sa ido kan zubewa/matsi yana haifar da rufewa ta atomatik da ƙararrawa daga nesa.

7. Menene diyya idan aka zaɓi sanyaya ruwa?A ƙarfin lantarki na 240 kW zuwa sama, ana samun ƙarin farashi na farko na 10-20% ta hanyar cire cirewa, rage farashin O&M, da kuma guje wa maye gurbin batir, wanda ke samar da ƙarancin kashi 15-30% na jimlar farashin mallakar shekaru 10.