Zochitika pa Kutha Kuchaja Ma EV

Kukula kwa msika wa magalimoto amagetsi kungaoneke ngati kosapeweka: kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa mpweya wa CO2, momwe ndale zilili panopa, ndalama zomwe boma ndi makampani opanga magalimoto akugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kufunafuna anthu onse ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi onsewa zikusonyeza kuti magalimoto amagetsi ndi abwino kwambiri. Komabe, mpaka pano, kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi kwachulukirachulukira kwa ogula chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yolipirira komanso kusowa kwa zomangamanga zolipirira. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wolipirira magalimoto amagetsi kukuthana ndi mavutowa, zomwe zikuthandizira kuti pakhale kulipirira kotetezeka komanso mwachangu kunyumba komanso pamsewu. Zigawo zolipirira ndi zomangamanga zikukwera kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za msika wamagetsi womwe ukukula mwachangu, zomwe zikutsegula njira yoti pakhale kukula kwakukulu kwa magalimoto amagetsi.

MFUNDO ZOMWE ZIMACHITIKA KUMALIZITSA Msika wa Magalimoto Amagetsi

Ndalama zogulira magalimoto amagetsi zakhala zikukula kwa zaka zingapo, koma chidwi chowonjezeka ndi kufunikira kwawonjezeka ndi magawo angapo a anthu. Kuyang'ana kwambiri njira zothetsera mavuto a nyengo kwawonetsa kufunika kwa magalimoto amagetsi - kuthekera kochepetsa mpweya woipa wochokera ku injini zoyatsira moto mkati ndikuyika ndalama mu kayendedwe ka mphamvu zoyera kwakhala cholinga chachikulu kwa boma ndi mafakitale. Kuyang'ana kwambiri kukula kokhazikika komanso kusunga zachilengedwe kumapangitsanso kuti ukadaulo ukhale wogwirizana ndi anthu onse - dziko lokhala ndi mphamvu zopanda malire zochokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso popanda mpweya woipa.
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe ndi ukadaulozi zikuwonekera mu zomwe boma likufuna kuti malamulo ndi ndalama zigwiritsidwe ntchito, makamaka poganizira za 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, yomwe idapereka $7.5 biliyoni pa zomangamanga za EV pamlingo wa boma, $2.5 biliyoni pa ndalama zothandizira pakuchaja ndi kudzaza mafuta pa zomangamanga za EV, ndi $5 biliyoni ku Pulogalamu Yochaja Magalimoto Amagetsi Yadziko Lonse. Bungwe la Biden likukwaniritsanso cholinga chomanga ndikukhazikitsa malo ochaja a DC okwana 500,000 mdziko lonselo.

Izi zitha kuwonekanso m'maboma. Mayiko kuphatikizapo California, Massachusetts, ndi New Jersey akutsatira malamulo okhudza magalimoto amagetsi okha. Ma credits a msonkho, kayendetsedwe ka Electrify America, zolimbikitsa, ndi malamulo zimakhudzanso ogula ndi opanga kuti avomereze kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto amagetsi.

Opanga magalimoto akuyambanso kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi. Opanga magalimoto akale monga GM, Ford, Volkswagen, BMW, ndi Audi akubweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya EV nthawi zonse. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022, pakuyembekezeka kukhala mitundu yoposa 80 ya EV ndi ma plug-in hybrids pamsika. Pali opanga atsopano a EV omwe akulowa nawo msika, kuphatikizapo Tesla, Lucid, Nikola, ndi Rivian.

Makampani opanga magetsi akukonzekeranso kampani yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi okha. Ndikofunikira kuti makampani opanga magetsi azikhala patsogolo pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti athe kuthana ndi kufunikira kwakukulu, ndipo zomangamanga zofunika kwambiri kuphatikizapo ma microgrid zidzafunika m'mphepete mwa mayiko kuti zigwirizane ndi malo ochapira magetsi. Kulankhulana pakati pa magalimoto ndi ma grid kukuyambanso kuyenda bwino m'misewu yayikulu.

ZOPANGIRA KUKULA

Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya magalimoto a EV ikuchulukirachulukira, mavuto akuyembekezeka kulepheretsa kukula. Ngakhale kuti zolimbikitsa zidzalimbikitsa ogula kapena magulu ankhondo kusintha magalimoto amagetsi, zitha kukhala ndi vuto - pakhoza kukhala kusintha kwa magalimoto a EV kuti athe kulankhulana ndi zomangamanga kuti azitsatira mtunda womwe ukuyenda, zomwe zimafuna zatsopano zaukadaulo ndi zomangamanga zolumikizirana zakunja.

Chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a EV pamlingo wa ogula ndi zomangamanga zodalirika komanso zogwira mtima zochajira. Pafupifupi madoko 9.6 miliyoni adzafunika pofika chaka cha 2030 kuti akwaniritse kukula kwa msika wa magetsi a EV komwe kukuyembekezeredwa. Pafupifupi 80% ya madoko amenewo adzakhala ma charger apakhomo, ndipo pafupifupi 20% adzakhala ma charger apagulu kapena a kuntchito. Pakadali pano, ogula akuzengereza kugula galimoto yamagetsi chifukwa cha nkhawa yokhudza malo ozungulira - nkhawa yoti magalimoto awo sadzatha kuyenda ulendo wautali popanda kudzazanso, komanso kuti malo ochajira magetsi sadzakhalapo kapena kugwira ntchito bwino akafunika.

Makamaka ma charger apagulu kapena ogawana ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zochaja mwachangu nthawi zonse. Woyendetsa galimoto amene amaima pamalo ochaja magalimoto m'mbali mwa msewu waukulu amafunika kuchaja mwachangu kwambiri - makina ochaja amphamvu kwambiri azitha kupatsa magalimoto batire yodzaza ndi mphamvu zonse akangochaja kwa mphindi zochepa.

Ma charger othamanga kwambiri amafunika kuganizira za kapangidwe kake kuti agwire ntchito moyenera. Mphamvu zoziziritsira madzi ndizofunikira kuti ma charger pini azikhala otentha bwino ndikuwonjezera nthawi yomwe galimoto ikhoza kupatsidwa mphamvu zambiri. M'malo omwe magalimoto amachajira kwambiri, kusunga ma contact pini kuzizira kudzapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri zodalirika komanso zodalirika kuti zikwaniritse kufunikira kwa chaji kwa ogula nthawi zonse.

MFUNDO ZOFUNIKA PA KUPANGA CHARGER YAMPAMVU KWAMBIRI

Ma charger a EV akupangidwa kwambiri poganizira kwambiri za kulimba komanso kuthekera kochaja mphamvu zambiri kuti akwaniritse zosowa za oyendetsa ma EV ndikuthana ndi nkhawa zakutali. Chaja ya EV yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi ma amps 500 imapangidwa ndi njira yoziziritsira ndi kuyang'anira madzi - chonyamulira cholumikizira cholumikizira chimakhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndipo chimagwiranso ntchito ngati chotenthetsera kutentha pamene choziziritsira chimachotsa kutentha kudzera m'mitsempha yozizira yolumikizidwa. Ma charger awa ali ndi masensa osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza masensa otulutsa madzi oziziritsira komanso kuyang'anira kutentha kolondola pa kukhudzana kulikonse kwa mphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma pin sapitirira madigiri 90 Celsius. Ngati malire amenewo afika, chowongolera chochaja mu malo ochaja chimachepetsa kutulutsa mphamvu kuti kutentha kukhale kovomerezeka.

Ma charger a EV amafunikanso kukhala okhoza kupirira kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika komanso kukonzedwa mosavuta. Zogwirira zoyatsira za EV zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika, kugwirira molakwika pakapita nthawi kumakhudza nkhope yoyatsira n'kosapeweka. Mochulukirachulukira, ma charger akupangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira, zomwe zimathandiza kuti nkhope yoyatsira ikhale yosavuta kusintha.
Kusamalira mawaya m'malo ochapira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wodalirika. Mawaya amphamvu kwambiri ochapira amakhala ndi mawaya amkuwa, mizere yozizira yamadzimadzi, ndi mawaya ogwirira ntchito koma amafunikabe kupirira kukokedwa kapena kuyendetsedwa. Zina zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi ma latch otsekeka, omwe amalola dalaivala kuchoka (Kusinthasintha kwa nkhope yolumikizirana pamodzi ndi chithunzi cha kayendedwe ka coolant) galimoto yake ikuchapira pamalo opezeka anthu onse popanda kuda nkhawa kuti wina angachotse chingwecho.