Ngā Auahatanga o ngā Pūkenga Utu EV

Tērā pea e kore e taea te karo i te tipu o te mākete waka hiko: ko te arotahi ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga CO2, te āhuarangi tōrangapū o nāianei, te haumi a te kāwanatanga me te umanga motuka, me te whai tonu i te hapori hiko-katoa e tohu ana i te painga o ngā waka hiko. Heoi, tae noa ki tēnei wā, kua araia te whakamahinga whānui o ngā waka hiko e ngā kaihoko nā te roa o ngā wā utu me te kore o ngā hanganga utu. Kei te aro atu ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau utu EV ki ēnei wero, ka taea ai te utu haumaru me te tere i te kāinga me te rori. Kei te piki haere ngā wāhanga me ngā hanganga utu hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mākete EV e tere tipu haere ana, e whakatakoto ana i te ara mō te tipu tere o te kawe waka hiko.

NGĀ ĀWHINA KI MURI I TE MĀKETE EV

Kua piki haere te haumi ki ngā waka hiko mō ngā tau maha, engari kua whakanuia te aro me te tono e ētahi rāngai o te hapori. Ko te aro nui ki ngā otinga āhuarangi kua whakaatu i te hiranga o ngā waka hiko – ko te kaha ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro mai i ngā miihini tahunga ā-roto me te haumi ki te kawe waka pūngao ma kua noho hei whāinga whānui mā te kāwanatanga me te ahumahi. Ko tēnei arotahi ki te tipu pumau me te tiaki i ngā rauemi taiao ka akiaki hoki i te hangarau kia anga whakamua ki tētahi hapori hiko katoa – he ao me te pūngao mutunga kore e ahu mai ana i ngā rauemi whakahou me te kore he tukunga kino.
E whakaatahia ana ēnei āhuatanga taiao me te hangarau i roto i ngā kaupapa matua o ngā ture me ngā haumitanga ā-motu, inā koa i runga i te Ture Hanganga Pūtea me ngā Mahi 2021, i tohua ai te $7.5 piriona mō ngā hanganga EV i te taumata ā-motu, te $2.5 piriona mō ngā putea hanganga utu EV me te whakakī hinu, me te $5 piriona mō te Kaupapa Whakautu Waka Hiko ā-Motu. Kei te whai hoki te Whakahaerenga Biden i te whāinga ki te hanga me te tāuta i te 500,000 teihana utu DC puta noa i te motu.

Ka kitea anō hoki tēnei ia i te taumata kawanatanga. Kei te whai ture ngā kawanatanga tae atu ki a California, Massachusetts, me New Jersey hei tautoko i ngā waka hiko katoa. Ka awehia hoki ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga e ngā whiwhinga tāke, te kaupapa Electrify America, ngā whakatenatena, me ngā mana whakahaere kia tautoko i te kaupapa EV.

Kei te uru atu hoki ngā kaihanga waka ki te nekehanga ki ngā waka hiko. Kei te whakauru tonu ngā kaihanga waka matua tae atu ki a GM, Ford, Volkswagen, BMW, me Audi i ngā tauira EV hou. I te mutunga o te tau 2022, e matapaetia ana ka neke atu i te 80 ngā tauira EV me ngā waka ranu mono-mai e wātea ana i te mākete. Kei te piki haere te maha o ngā kaihanga EV hou e uru atu ana ki te mākete, tae atu ki a Tesla, Lucid, Nikola, me Rivian.

Kei te whakarite hoki ngā kamupene ratonga mō tētahi hapori hiko katoa. He mea nui kia noho tonu ngā ratonga ratonga ki mua i te ara hiko kia taea ai te whakatutuki i te pikinga o te tono, ā, me whai hanganga nui tae atu ki ngā whatunga hiko iti i ngā huarahi tere hei whakauru i ngā teihana utu hiko. Kei te piki haere te rongonui o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero waka-ki-Whatunga i ngā huarahi tere.

NGĀ ĀRAI KI TE TIPUTANGA

Ahakoa kei te piki haere te tere o te whakamahi whānui i ngā waka hiko, e matapaetia ana ka aukati i te tipu o ngā waka. Ahakoa ka akiakihia ngā kaihoko, ngā waka rānei e ngā kaupapa whakatenatena ki te huri ki ngā waka hiko, tera pea ka puta he āputa - tera pea ka nekehia ngā waka hiko kia taea ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā hanganga hei aroturuki i ngā maero, me te hiahia ki ngā auahatanga hangarau me ngā hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o waho.

Ko tētahi o ngā arai nui ki te whakamahi i te waka EV i te taumata kaihoko ko te hanganga utu pono me te whai hua. E 9.6 miriona ngā putanga utu e hiahiatia ana i te tau 2030 hei whakatutuki i te tipu o te mākete EV e matapaetia ana. Tata ki te 80% o aua putanga ka waiho hei utu kāinga, ā, tata ki te 20% ka waiho hei utu tūmatanui, hei utu wāhi mahi rānei. I tēnei wā, e mangere ana ngā kaihoko ki te hoko waka EV nā te manukanuka ki te tawhiti – te āwangawanga kei kore e taea e tā rātou waka te haere roa me te kore e hiahiatia kia utua anō, me te kore e wātea, e whai hua rānei ngā teihana utu ina hiahiatia.

Me āhei ngā rihi hiko tūmatanui, ngā rihi hiko tiritahi rānei ki te whakarato i ngā āheinga utu tere tonu, tata tonu, puta noa i te karaka. Ko te taraiwa e tū ana i te teihana utu i te taha o te huarahi tere, me tere te utu hiko nui – ka taea e ngā pūnaha utu hiko nui te hoatu i te pākahiko tata ki te utu katoa ki ngā waka i muri i ētahi meneti noa o te utu.

Me whai whakaaro motuhake ki te hoahoa o ngā rihi tere-rahi kia pai ai te mahi. Me whai āheinga whakamatao wai kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana o ngā pine utu, kia roa ai hoki te wā e taea ai te utu i te waka ki ngā iahiko teitei. I ngā wāhi utu nui ki ngā waka, mā te whakamatao tonu i ngā pine whakapā ka hangaia he utu hiko teitei whai hua, pumau hoki hei whakatutuki i te rere tonu o te hiahia utu a te kaihoko.

NGĀ WHAKAAROHANGA HOAHOA O TE UTU HIRANGA-TEITEI

Kei te piki haere te hanga o ngā rihi EV me te arotahi ki te arotau i te pakari me ngā kaha utu hiko teitei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā taraiwa EV me te wikitoria i te manukanuka tawhiti. Ka taea te hanga rihi EV kaha teitei me te 500 amps mā te pūnaha whakamatao me te aroturuki wai - kei roto i te kaikawe whakapā i roto i te hononga utu he kawe wera, ā, ka mahi hoki hei totohu wera i te mea ka tukuna e te wai whakamatao te wera mā roto i ngā awa whakamatao whakauru. Kei roto i ēnei rihi he maha ngā pūoko, tae atu ki ngā pūoko turuturu wai whakamatao me te aroturuki pāmahana tika i ia whakapā hiko hei whakarite kia kaua e neke ake ngā pine i te 90 nekehanga Celsius. Mena ka eke ki taua paepae, ka whakaitihia e te kaiwhakahaere utu i roto i te teihana utu te putanga hiko kia mau tonu ai te pāmahana e whakaaetia ana.

Me āhei hoki ngā rihi EV ki te tu atu i te pakaru me te haehae, ā, me ngāwari hoki te tiaki. He mea hanga ngā kakau rihi EV kia pakaru, ā, he mea kore e taea te karo i te whakamahi uaua i te roanga o te wā, ā, ka pā kino ki te mata hono. Kei te piki haere te hoahoa o ngā rihi me ngā wāhanga modular, kia ngāwari ai te whakakapi i te mata hono.
He mea nui anō hoki te whakahaere taura i roto i ngā teihana utu hei whakaaro mō te roa o te wā me te pono. Kei roto i ngā taura utu kaha-teitei ngā waea parahi, ngā raina whakamatao wai, me ngā taura mahi engari me tu tonu ki te tōia, ki te taraiwahia rānei. Ko ētahi atu whakaaro ko ngā raka ka taea te raka, e taea ai e te taraiwa te waiho (te āhua o te mata hono me te tauira o te rere o te whakamatao) i tā rātou waka e utu ana i te teihana tūmatanui me te kore e manukanuka kei momotu te taura e tetahi.