Isiqinisekiso sePile yokuTshaja esisemgangathweni saseMelika (II) – Iimfuneko zokufikelela kwiMarike (OSHA/NRTL/ANSI)

Umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwesatifikethi eMelika kunye nesatifikethi kwezinye iindawo kukungabikho kwelebheli yokuthobela imithetho edibeneyo nethile.

ETshayina, iimveliso ezithobela imithetho kufuneka ziphawulwe ngophawu olunyanzelekileyo lwe-3C (China Compulsory Certification). Iibhanki zamandla ezingenalo olu phawu azivumelekanga ukuba zithwalwe kwiinqwelomoya; Iimveliso ezithunyelwa eYurophu kufuneka ziphawulwe ngophawu lwe-CE, oluneemfuno ezingqongqo zefonti, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo, kungenjalo azinakuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwerhafu; IJapan ikwanayo nelogo ye-PSE (Product Safety of Electrical Appliances&Materials) ehambelanayo, ngelixa iSouth Korea inelogo ye-KC.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukulebhelishwa kokuthobela imithetho kugqitywa ngurhulumente ngokwenza izigqibo ezimanyeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla olawulo ukuyikhuthaza.

Ngokucacileyo, i-United States ayinayo imithetho enjalo.

Yintoni i-NRTL National Laboratory eMelika?

Okokuqala, i-NRTL (iLabhoratri yoVavanyo eQondwayo kuZwelonke) yilabhoratri eyaziwayo kuzwelonke eMelika. Nangona inegama leSizwe, ayiloziko lesizwe kodwa yintlangano yabucala. Naliphi na iqumrhu kunye nearhente yovavanyo inokufaka isicelo sokuba lilungu le-NRTL. Kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ze-29 CFR 1910.7 kuphela, kunye neemfuno ezithile eziquka:

• ✔ Ubuchule bokuvavanya nokuvavanya ukuba izixhobo ziyahlangabezana na nemigangatho yovavanyo efanelekileyo;
• ✔ Sebenzisa ulawulo olwaneleyo ekuchongweni kweemveliso eziqinisekisiweyo kwaye wenze uhlolo olulandelayo kwimveliso yokwenyani;
• ✔ Ayixhomekekanga ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzisi (oko kukuthi, umqeshi othintelwe ziimfuno zezixhobo zokuvavanya) kunye nawuphi na umenzi okanye umthengisi weemveliso eziqinisekisiweyo;
• ✔ Ukuphuhlisa iziphumo zophando ezisebenzayo kunye neenkqubo zokusingatha izikhalazo kunye neengxabano;

Okwangoku, ngokweluhlu lwelabhoratri olupapashwe kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-OSHA, iilabhoratri ezingama-22 zizonke zifumene iziqinisekiso ze-NRTL. Ngokusisiseko, ii-arhente zovavanyo nezatifikethi ezaziwayo zikwiluhlu lwe-NRTL, ezifana ne-UL kunye ne-CSA, ezizii-arhente zovavanyo eziphambili eMntla Melika.

Phawula:Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iilabhoratri ezifumene iziqinisekiso ze-NRTL zisenokungakwazi ukuqinisekisa imveliso ethile. Kufuneka sijonge nokuba ilabhoratri inako na ukuvelisa imigangatho yale mveliso.

（2） OSHA kunye ne-NRTL

Imigangatho edweliswe yilabhoratri ye-NRTL, equka izikhululo zokutshaja, yi-UL 2202 kunye ne-UL 2594. Ndijonge wonke umntu kwaye ndifumanise ukuba iilabhoratri eziphambili kwimarike ziyakwazi ukuvelisa le migangatho mibini.

Ukuze kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe izikhululo zokutshaja, kufuneka ufumane ilebhu eneziqinisekiso ze-NRTL, i-OSHA ukuze ijonge ubungakanani bezakhono, iphumelele uvavanyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwazo, kwaye ibeke uphawu lwayo kuyo ukuze ithengiswe apha eMelika.

Isiqinisekiso esenziwe zizikhungo ze-UL sisebenzisa uphawu lwe-UL, isiqinisekiso esenziwe zizikhungo ze-T Ü VS Ü D sisebenzisa uphawu olulodwa olune-octagonal, kwaye isiqinisekiso esenziwe yi-T Ü V Rheinland sisebenzisa uphawu lwaseMntla Melika lwaseRheinland. Ngokwembono yomthetho, akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo ekubhalweni kwazo, njengoko zonke ziqatshelwa yi-OSHA.

Ngoko ke, abavelisi beenqwaba zokutshaja bakhululekile ukukhetha iarhente yesatifikethi ebafaneleyo, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokukhetha i-UL ngokuyimfuneko. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngempazamo ukuba i-UL yimfaneleko yokwamkelwa e-United States, kodwa eneneni, i-UL yiarhente yovavanyo kunye nesatifikethi yabucala kwaye ayinawo amalungelo asemthethweni olawulo.

（3） I-NFPA 70

Iimveliso zombane eMelika azidingi nje kuphela ukuhlangabezana nesiqinisekiso seelebhu ezivunyiweyo ze-NRTL, kodwa kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo ethile - i-NFPA 70.

I-NFPA 70 (iNational Fire Protection Association), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-NEC (iNational Electrical Code), igama lesiTshayina yile nto siqhelene nayo - i-American Electrical Code. E-United States, phantse zonke iinjineli zombane zinelaptop.

Akumangalisi na ukuba ikhowudi yombane eMelika inegama elifanayo neleKhomishini yoKhuseleko loMlilo yeSizwe?

I-NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), Nangona ibizwa ngokuba yiNational Fire Protection Association, ikwangumbutho ongekho phantsi kukarhulumente. Njenge-basketball league NBA kunye ne-football league NFL e-United States, ziyimibutho yoluntu yorhwebo. Umbutho we-NFPA wasekwa ngo-1896 ngenjongo yokudibanisa ububanzi kunye nemibhobho yamanzi yezixhobo zokukhusela umlilo zasekuhlaleni - iinkqubo zokutshiza ngokuzenzekelayo.

(4) Isishwankathelo

Masishwankathele umxholo esisandula ukuthetha ngawo. Ukuba iimveliso zesikhululo sokutshaja zithunyelwa eMelika:

• ● Imveliso ngokwayo, ii-DC piles kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno ze-UL 2202, kwaye ii-AC piles kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno ze-UL 2594;
• ● Ukufakelwa kunye nokufakelwa kweentambo kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno ze-NFPA 70 625 eMelika;
• ● Uvavanyo kunye nesatifikethi kufuneka zihambelane neelebhu ezivunyiweyo ze-NRTL, ezifana ne-UL/CSA/T Ü VS Ü D, njl.njl.;

Umzobo oneenkcukacha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Okokugqibela, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba isiqinisekiso se-UL asiyondlela yodwa yokungena kwimarike yase-US. Uvavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso esivela kweminye imibutho sikwahambelana nemithetho nemigaqo yase-US.

Kakade ke, i-UL yinkampani endala yokuqinisekisa uphawu eMelika, eyamkelwe kakhulu kwilizwe lonke. Ukufumana isatifikethi se-UL ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kwandisa udumo lwemarike. Ixabiso linjengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, zombini ixabiso kunye nomjikelo azinabuhlobo.

Ke ngoko, ukhetho oluthile lweziko lokuqinisekisa amashishini asekhaya kufuneka lulungelelaniswe kwaye lulinganiswe phakathi kohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabo, indawo yemveliso, kunye neemfuno zabathengi baseMelika.