Kuyika Ndalama mu Wallbox DC Home Chargers: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino kwa SiC, Kulimba Mtima kwa V2H, ndi Kukhazikika

Kusintha Kwambiri kwa Ukadaulo pa Kuyenda kwa Nyumba: Chifukwa Chake Kuyika Ndalama mu Wallbox DC Home Chargers Kumadutsa Zopinga za OBC, Kumathandizira Kulimba kwa V2H/V2G, ndikukulitsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mwachangu Kudzera mu Ukadaulo wa SiC Kuti Mukhale ndi Moyo Wosatha M'tsogolo

Chidule

Kusintha kwa dziko lonse lapansi kupita ku kayendedwe ka magetsi kukulowa mu gawo lachiwiri komanso lovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale zaka khumi zoyambirira zikuyang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ndi zomangamanga za anthu onse, zaka khumi zomwe zilipo pano zimatanthauzidwa ndi kukonza bwino njira yolipirira nyumba. Pakati pa kusinthaku pali Wallbox DC Home Charger. Mwachikhalidwe, kulipirira nyumba kwakhala gawo la malo osinthira magetsi (AC) Level 2, omwe amadalira On-Board Charger (OBC) yamkati ya galimotoyo. Komabe, zoletsa zaukadaulo za OBC—zolamulidwa ndi kulemera, kuchuluka, ndi mtengo—zapangitsa kuti mbadwo wotsatira wa nyumba zopanda mphamvu ukhale wovuta.

Nkhaniyi ikupereka mfundo yozama ya mawu 6,000 yokhudza luso, zamagetsi, komanso chuma cha ma DC wallbox. Tikufufuza momwe zipangizozi zimadutsa OBC kuti zipereke kuchaji mwachangu komanso moyenera; momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito ma semiconductor a Silicon Carbide (SiC) kuti achepetse kutayika kwa kutentha; ndi chifukwa chake ndi maziko ofunikira kwambiri a ntchito za Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) ndi Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwunika kuphatikiza kwa ma DC charger mu Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), udindo wawo pakupanga chizindikiro cha nyumba zapamwamba, komanso njira yopezera phindu la nthawi yayitali ngati miyeso yopanga.

Chaputala 1: Kusintha kwa Paradigm mu Kuchaja kwa Ma EV Pakhomo - Kuchokera ku AC Utility kupita ku DC Intelligence

Mbiri ya kuyatsa magalimoto amagetsi (EV) yakhala yokhudza kusagwirizana. Poyamba pa nthawi ya EV yamakono, cholinga chachikulu chinali kungoonetsetsa kuti galimoto ikhoza kudzazidwanso usiku wonse pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zilipo kale. Izi zinapangitsa kuti kuyatsa magalimoto a AC kukhale kofala. Mu AC, bokosi la pakhoma kwenikweni ndi chosinthira chachitetezo chodziwika bwino (EVSE - Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) chomwe chimadutsa mphamvu ya AC mwachindunji ku galimoto. Kunyamula katundu wolemera—kusintha mphamvu ya AC kukhala mphamvu ya DC yomwe batire imafuna—kumachitidwa ndi On-Board Charger (OBC) ya galimotoyo.

Ngakhale kuti kuyatsa kwa AC ndikotsika mtengo kuyika, kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Pamene mphamvu ya batri ikukula kuchoka pa 60kWh kufika pa 100kWh ndi kupitirira apo, nthawi yofunikira kuti kuyatsa pa 7kW kapena 11kW AC imakhala chopinga cha kayendedwe ka zinthu kwa mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, njira ya AC imawona EV ngati katundu wosagwira ntchito—“kumira” kwa mphamvu.

Lowani mu Wallbox DC Home Charger. Mwa kusuntha njira yosinthira AC-to-DC kuchokera mgalimoto ndikuyika mu unit yokhazikika pakhoma, timatsegula gawo latsopano la magwiridwe antchito. Kusinthaku kukuyimira kusintha kuchokera ku "AC Utility" kupita ku "DC Intelligence." DC wallbox si charger yokha; ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi amphamvu kwambiri. Imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi Battery Management System (BMS), kupereka mphamvu yeniyeni yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa malire amkati mwagalimoto.

Mutu uno ukuwunika zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuyendetsa kusinthaku:

1. Kufunafuna Liwiro:Ma EV apamwamba tsopano amathandizira mapangidwe a 800V. Ma AC charger sangapindule ndi liwiro ili kunyumba. Ma DC wallbox, ngakhale pamagetsi otsika okhala m'nyumba (monga 20kW mpaka 30kW), amapereka kukweza kwakukulu kuposa mayunitsi wamba a 7kW AC.
2. Ulamuliro wa Mphamvu:Kukwera kwa malo osungira magetsi a dzuwa ndi mabatire m'nyumba kumapanga "DC ecosystem." Kusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa ya DC kukhala AC ya nyumba, kenako kubwerera ku DC ya galimoto, kumaphatikizapo kutayika kwa kusintha kambiri. Malo okhala ndi DC-coupled, okhala ndi DC wallbox pakati pake, amachepetsa "misonkho yosinthira" iyi.
3. Gulu Lanzeru:Pamene magetsi akupita patsogolo ku mitengo ya nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso mapulogalamu oyankha kufunikira kwa magetsi, njira yowongolera magetsi yomwe imaperekedwa ndi makina a DC imalola eni nyumba kutenga nawo mbali pakukhazikitsa magetsi bwino kwambiri kuposa njira zachikhalidwe zoyendetsera magetsi a AC.

Chaputala 2: Kusiyana kwa Zaukadaulo - Kunyalanyaza Choletsa Choyimitsa Choyimitsa (OBC)

Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake DC home charging ndi yosiyana kwambiri, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa "OBC Bottleneck." EV iliyonse yoyendetsedwa ndi AC ili ndi On-Board Charger. Gawoli ndi inverter yamagetsi yomwe imatenga 120V kapena 240V AC ndikuyikonzanso ku DC voltage ya batri paketi.

Komabe, OBC ndi wozunzidwa ndi sayansi ya zamagalimoto. Chifukwa chakuti iyenera kuyenda ndi galimotoyo, ili ndi zoletsa zokhwima:

• Kulemera ndi Kuchuluka:Kilogalamu iliyonse ya OBC ndi kilogalamu imodzi yolemera yomwe imachepetsa liwiro la galimoto. Chifukwa chake, opanga ambiri amaletsa OBC kukhala ndi mphamvu ya 7kW kapena 11kW kuti asunge malo ndi kulemera.
• Kusamalira Kutentha:Kutembenuza mphamvu ya 11kW kumabweretsa kutentha kwakukulu. Chizunguliro choziziritsira cha galimoto chiyenera kuchotsa kutentha kumeneku, komwe kumadya mphamvu zina.
• Mtengo:Ma OBC amphamvu kwambiri (monga 22kW) ndi okwera mtengo kupanga ndipo nthawi zambiri amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu yapamwamba kapena zosintha zina zomwe mungasankhe.

Mukagwiritsa ntchito Wallbox DC Home Charger, OBC imaletsedwa kwathunthu. DC wallbox imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi batire ya galimotoyo kudzera mu ma DC pin a cholumikizira cha CCS kapena NACS. Izi zili ndi zotsatirapo zingapo zazikulu:

2.1 Mphamvu Yochuluka Popanda Kulemera kwa Galimoto

Mwa kuyika zida zosinthira pakhoma la garaja, mainjiniya sakuletsedwanso ndi malire a kulemera kwa galimotoyo. Titha kugwiritsa ntchito ma inductor akuluakulu, ma capacitor olimba kwambiri, ndi makina ozizira abwino kwambiri. Izi zimalola liwiro la 15kW, 20kW, kapena 25kW - liwiro lomwe silingakhale lothandiza kwenikweni komanso lachuma kuti ligwirizane ndi galimotoyo yokha.

2.2 Kupindula kwa Kuchita Bwino

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa OBC nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 85% mpaka 92%. Kutayika kwa "ulendo wobwerera" n'kofunika kwambiri mukaganizira za maulendo ambirimbiri ochaja kwa zaka khumi. Mabotolo a DC, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamafakitale komanso kuziziritsa kwapadera, amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri kuposa 96%. Mwa kunyalanyaza chosinthira chamkati cha galimoto, mphamvu imapita mwachindunji kuchokera ku gridi (kapena solar) kupita ku malo osungira mankhwala a batri popanda kutaya zinthu zambiri.

2.3 Kudalirika ndi Kugwira Ntchito Moyenera

Ngati galimoto ya OBC yalephera, galimotoyo imakhala yosowa ndipo imafunika kukonza kokwera mtengo komanso kovuta ku malo ogulitsira. Ngati galimoto ya DC wallbox yalephera, galimotoyo ikhoza kulipidwabe pa siteshoni ya anthu onse kapena kudzera pa chojambulira chonyamulika cha AC, ndipo galimotoyo yokha ikhoza kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi popanda kukhudza zigawo zamkati za galimotoyo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Mutu 3: Ubwino wa Ma Electrochemical - Kukonza Kutalika kwa Batri ndi Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu

Maganizo olakwika ambiri ndi akuti "kuchaja kwa DC n'koipa pamabatire." Ngakhale kuti kuchaja kwa DC mwachangu kwambiri (350kW+) kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa kutentha,Kuchaja DC m'nyumba(yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya 10kW mpaka 25kW) kwenikweni ndi "malo abwino" amagetsi omwe amapereka zabwino zingapo kuposa kuyatsa kwa AC.

3.1 Kusinthasintha Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Kugunda kwa Mpweya (PWM) ndi Kulamulira kwa Kugwa

Njira yosinthira AC-to-DC mu OBC ya galimoto nthawi zambiri imapanga "ripple current" - kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa mphamvu ya DC yomwe ingayambitse kutentha pang'ono mkati mwa maselo a batri. Mabokosi apamwamba a DC amagwiritsa ntchito ma processor apamwamba a digito (DSPs) kuti apereke chizindikiro cha DC "choyera" kwambiri. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumachepetsa kutayika kwa kukana kwamkati mkati mwa maselo a Li-ion panthawi yochaja.

3.2 Ma curve Othandizira Kuchaja Modabwitsa

Pochaja kudzera pa AC, BMS ya galimotoyo iyenera kupempha mphamvu kuchokera ku OBC, yomwe kenako imakoka kuchokera pakhoma. Kulumikizana kwa magawo ambiri kumeneku kumatha kukhala ndi nthawi yochedwa. Bokosi la DC limagwirizana ndi BMS kudzera mu protocol ya ISO 15118. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale njira yochaja yosinthasintha komanso yoyankha. Ngati BMS yazindikira kukwera pang'ono kwa kutentha mu module inayake ya selo, bokosi la DC limatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo kayendedwe ka magetsi, molondola kwambiri kuposa momwe OBC ingachitire.

3.3 Kuchepetsa "Kutentha kwa Kusintha"

Pa nthawi yochaja AC, kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi OBC nthawi zambiri kumasamutsidwira ku batire chifukwa amagawana njira yoziziritsira yomweyo ndipo ali pafupi. Kutentha kwachiwiri kumeneku kumatha kufulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte. Mwa kusuntha njira yosinthira kutentha kupita ku khoma, batire ya galimotoyo imakhalabe yozizira panthawi ya gawoli, kusunga thanzi la SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase) la anode.

Mwachidule, kuyatsa magetsi kwa DC komwe kumakhala m'nyumba kumapereka liwiro la kuyatsa magetsi mwachangu ndi "kufatsa" kwa kuyatsa magetsi pang'onopang'ono, zonsezo zikusunga kukhazikika kwamagetsi kwa nthawi yayitali ya batri.

Chaputala 4: Ukadaulo wa Silicon Carbide (SiC) - Mtima wa Kusintha Kwambiri Kwambiri

Chobisika chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ma DC wallbox amakono akhale otheka panyumba ndi kusintha kuchoka pa ma Silicon (Si) MOSFET ndi ma IGBT achikhalidwe kupita ku ma Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductors. SiC ndi chipangizo cha wide-bandgap (WBG) chomwe chasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe amagetsi amphamvu.

4.1 Katundu Wapamwamba wa Bandgap

Mpata wa bandgap wa Silicon Carbide ndi wokulirapo katatu kuposa wa silicon wamba. Izi zimathandiza zipangizo za SiC kugwira ntchito pamagetsi ndi kutentha kwambiri. Mu DC wallbox, izi zikutanthauza kuti chipangizochi chikhoza kuthana ndi zofunikira za mabatire amakono a EV a 400V kapena 800V okhala ndi gawo laling'ono la gawo.

4.2 Kuchepetsa Kutayika kwa Kusintha

Ubwino waukulu wa SiC mu charger yapakhomo ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa switching. Ma switch achikhalidwe a silicon amataya mphamvu nthawi iliyonse akayatsa ndi kuzimitsa, makamaka chifukwa cha nthawi yawo yoyankhira pang'onopang'ono komanso mphamvu yayikulu. Ma switch a SiC amatha kugwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba kwambiri (nthawi zambiri ochulukirapo ka 10 kuposa silicon). Kusintha kwa ma frequency apamwamba kumeneku kumalola:

• Magneti Ang'onoang'ono:Popeza ma frequency osinthira ndi okwera, ma inductor ndi ma transformer omwe ali mkati mwa bokosi la khoma amatha kukhala ochepa kwambiri komanso opepuka. Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chojambulira cha 20kW DC chikhale chaching'ono mokwanira kupachikidwa pakhoma la garaja m'malo mokhala kabati kakang'ono ngati firiji.
• Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri:SiC imachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ndi 80% poyerekeza ndi kusintha kwa silicon. Kwa mwini nyumba, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zamagetsi zimachepetsa komanso kutentha pang'ono.

4.3 Kusamalira Kutentha ndi Kudalirika

Popeza SiC imagwira ntchito bwino, imapanga kutentha kochepa. Kutentha kochepa kumatanthauza kuti bokosi la pakhoma silingafunike mafani ozizira ophokoso komanso okonzedwa bwino. Mabokosi ambiri a pakhoma a DC okhala ndi SiC amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwamadzimadzi kapena mapangidwe apamwamba a heat-sink. Izi zimawonjezera nthawi ya moyo wamagetsi, chifukwa kutentha ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera kwa zigawo zamagetsi m'makina amagetsi.

4.4 Kusanthula Koyerekeza: Si vs. SiC mu Mapulogalamu Okhalamo

Kuti munthu amvetse bwino SiC, ayenera kuyang'ana kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi. Mu chosinthira cha 20kW chodziwika bwino:

• Kuchepetsa Mapazi:Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi silicon lingafunike malo osungiramo mafani ozizira ndi ma inductor akuluakulu. Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi SiC likhoza kulowa mu malo osungiramo ma 4-lita, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti voliyumu yake ndi yotsika ndi 73%.
• Kusintha pafupipafupi:Ma Silicon IGBT nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malire a 20kHz mpaka 30kHz chifukwa cha kufooka kwa kutentha. Ma SiC MOSFET amagwira ntchito bwino pa 100kHz mpaka 300kHz. Izi sizongoyerekeza chabe; zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kulemera kwa ma windings amkuwa mu ma transformer, omwe amapanga gawo lalikulu la bill of materials (BOM).
• Kuchita bwino pa katundu wochepa:Ma charger ambiri apakhomo amagwira ntchito pa mphamvu yochepa (monga 5kW m'malo mwa 20kW) kwa nthawi yayitali ya moyo wawo. SiC imasunga mphamvu yapamwamba (94%+) ngakhale pa mphamvu ya 20%, pomwe mphamvu ya silicon nthawi zambiri imatsika kwambiri kufika pa 80s yotsika kapena 70s yapamwamba pa mphamvu yochepa.

4.5 Mmene Kutentha Kumakhudzira Moyo wa Munthu

Ma charger a m'nyumba amakhala ndi malo ovuta—magalaji ozizira nthawi yozizira ndi otentha kwambiri nthawi yachilimwe. Ma semiconductor a silicon amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa "kutentha kwa ma connection". Nthawi iliyonse charger ya silicon ikayamba, zigawo zamkati zimakula ndikuchepa. Pazaka zikwizikwi, izi zimapangitsa kuti solder itope komanso waya-bond zilephereke. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa bandgap ndi kutentha kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti kutentha kwamkati kumakhalabe kokhazikika, zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) ya chipangizocho kuchokera pazaka 5 zapakati pamakampani mpaka zaka zoposa 12.

Chaputala 5: Ma Wallbox DC Chargers monga Chipata Cholowera ku V2H (Galimoto Yopita Kunyumba) ndi V2G (Galimoto Yopita Ku Gridi)

Mwina chifukwa chachikulu chogulira ndalama mu DC wallbox ndi ntchito yake monga chothandizira kuyenda kwa mphamvu m'njira ziwiri. Ngakhale kuti pali makina ena a AC m'njira ziwiri, amakhala ndi malire chifukwa cha zida zamkati mwa galimotoyo. DC-coupled bi-directional charging ndiye muyezo wabwino kwambiri wothana ndi mphamvu.

5.1 Galimoto ngati Batire Yokhalamo (V2H)

Batire yamakono ya EV nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu yapakati pa 60kWh ndi 100kWh. Izi ndizokwanira kupatsa mphamvu banja wamba kwa masiku atatu mpaka asanu. Komabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu iyi kupatsa mphamvu nyumba yanu panthawi ya mdima, muyenera njira yochotsera mphamvu ya DC mu batire ndikuyisintha kukhala AC ya ma circuits a nyumba yanu. Bokosi la DC limagwira ntchito ngati chipata ichi. Chifukwa limadutsa OBC, limatha kutenga mphamvu mwachindunji kuchokera ku batire, kuisintha kukhala 240V AC, ndikuyiyika mu gulu lamagetsi la nyumbayo (kudzera pa switch yosinthira). Izi zimapangitsa EV kukhala "Powerwall" yayikulu, yoyenda nayo, yomwe imapereka mphamvu zambiri kuposa batire yanyumba yokhazikika pamtengo wotsika.

5.2 Kukhazikika kwa Grid ndi Ndalama (V2G)

Galimoto-kupita-ku-Grid (V2G) ikupita patsogolo kwambiri. Mu nkhani ya V2G, DC wallbox imalankhulana ndi kampani yopereka chithandizo. Panthawi yomwe magetsi amafunidwa kwambiri, gridi imatha "kubwereka" mphamvu zochepa kuchokera ku ma EV ambirimbiri oimika magalimoto. Mwininyumba nthawi zambiri amalipidwa chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wake wonse wa umwini. Ma DC wallbox ndi abwino kwambiri kuposa V2G chifukwa amapereka nthawi yoyankha mwachangu komanso mphamvu zambiri. Ngati gridi ikufunika kulowetsedwa mwadzidzidzi kwa 20kW kuti isawonongeke, DC wallbox ingapereke nthawi yomweyo, pomwe AC OBC yokhazikika ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu ya 7kW yokha ndipo singathe kuthandizira kuyenda kwa magetsi mbali zonse ziwiri.

5.3 Malo Opangira Mphamvu Pakompyuta (VPP)

Ma charger a DC amalola eni nyumba kulowa nawo pa Virtual Power Plants. Mwa kuphatikiza nyumba mazana ambiri zolumikizidwa ndi DC, manejala wa VPP angapereke mphamvu zambiri pamsika wamagetsi wogulitsidwa. Izi zimapanga "chuma champhamvu" chatsopano cha gawo la nyumba, komwe EV ndi chuma chogwira ntchito m'malo mongowononga ndalama.

5.4 Ndondomeko Yosungira Zinthu ya “Mkhalidwe Wolipirira” (SoC)

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za makina a DC V2G ndi kuthekera kosamalira thanzi la batri pamene likuthandizira gridi. Mosiyana ndi makina ozikidwa pa AC omwe amatha "kugwedeza" batri ndi ma circuits osaya komanso osagwira ntchito bwino, bokosi la DC la khoma limatha "kutulutsa mphamvu molondola." Limatha kutulutsa mphamvu zomwe zapemphedwa ndi gridi pamene likuonetsetsa kuti batri silikutsika pansi pa malire omwe wogwiritsa ntchito amasankha (monga 20% SoC), ndipo limatero pamlingo wabwino kwambiri wotulutsa mphamvu womwe umachepetsa kutentha kwamkati.

Mutu 6: Kuphatikiza Kwambiri ndi Machitidwe Oyendetsera Mphamvu Zapakhomo (HEMS) ndi Zobwezerezedwanso

Chaja ya Wallbox DC si chipangizo chodziyimira pachokha; ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri mu "Smart Home of 2030." Ikaphatikizidwa ndi Home Energy Management System (HEMS), DC wallbox imakhala chowongolera chachikulu cha mphamvu ya banja.

6.1 Lingaliro la “DC Bus”

Nyumba zomwe sizingagwere mtsogolo zikupita ku kapangidwe ka DC-primary. Ma solar panels amapanga DC. Ma batteries apakhomo amasunga DC. Ma EV amagwiritsa ntchito DC. M'nyumba yachikhalidwe ya AC, mphamvu imasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza (DC -> AC -> DC -> AC), ndi kutayika kwa 3-5% pa sitepe iliyonse. Bokosi la DC limalola kulumikizana mwachindunji. Mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi dzuwa imatha kutumizidwa mwachindunji ku batri ya EV popanda kudutsa mu inverter ya AC. Kuchaja kwa solar kwa "Direct-to-EV" kumeneku ndiye chinthu chachikulu kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti photon iliyonse yomwe yagwidwa ndi denga imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda.

6.2 Kulinganiza Katundu Mwanzeru

Mapulogalamu a HEMS angagwiritse ntchito DC wallbox kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino katundu wonse wa nyumbayo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati makina a HVAC ayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo akuopseza kupitirira malire a kufunikira kwa nyumbayo, HEMS imatha kuletsa nthawi yomweyo DC wallbox kuchoka pa 20kW kufika pa 10kW. Chifukwa chakuti DC charging imayendetsedwa ndi digito ndipo imapewa kuchedwa kwa mkati mwa galimotoyo, kusinthaku kumachitika mu ma milliseconds, kuonetsetsa kuti choyatsira chachikulu cha nyumbayo sichimagunda.

6.3 Kusanthula Kolosera ndi Khalidwe la Ogwiritsa Ntchito

HEMS yolumikizidwa imatha kusanthula zamtsogolo za nyengo, mitengo yamagetsi, ndi kalendala ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Ngati makinawa akudziwa kuti muli ndi ulendo wautali mawa ndipo dzuwa lidzawala lero, adzaika patsogolo DC solar charging masana. Ngati iwona mitengo yamagetsi yokwera madzulo, idzagwiritsa ntchito DC wallbox kukoka mphamvu kuchokera mgalimoto kuti iyendetse chotsukira mbale ndi magetsi (V2H), kenako idzayitsanso galimotoyo nthawi ya 3:00 AM pamene mitengo yake ndi yotsika kwambiri.

6.4 Zotsatira Zophatikizana za Magulu a Mabanja Ambiri

M'nyumba zogona kapena m'nyumba zapamwamba, makoma a DC amatha kulumikizidwa kuti apange "gridi yaying'ono." M'malo mwa nyumba iliyonse yokhala ndi gridi yapadera yomwe 90% sigwira ntchito, basi ya DC yolumikizidwa pakati imatha kugawana mphamvu pakati pa magalimoto. Ngati galimoto imodzi ili ndi chaji yokwanira, gawo lake la mphamvu ya DC limasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo kupita ku galimoto yomwe yangofika kumene. "Kugawana mphamvu kwamphamvu" kumeneku kumatheka kokha ndi kulumikizana mwachangu komanso kuwongolera komwe kumakhala mumakina a DC.

Mutu 7: Uinjiniya Wachilengedwe - Kukhazikitsa, Kukonza Malo, ndi Kuyang'anira Kutentha

Kusintha kwa DC yochaja yamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu zamafakitale kupita ku magaraji okhala anthu ambiri kunafuna luso lapamwamba la uinjiniya. Ngakhale kuti DC yochaja mwachangu nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu ngati makina akuluakulu ogulitsa, bokosi la khoma la DC lokhalamo anthu liyenera kukhala laling'ono, lokongola, komanso lodekha. Kuti izi zitheke panafunika zatsopano m'magawo angapo ofunikira.

7.1 Mphamvu Yosinthira Mphamvu: Chosinthira Chosinthika

Kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zambiri, makoma a DC okhala m'nyumba nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma LLC resonant converters kapena ma Phase-Shifted Full Bridge (PSFB) topology. Ma circuits awa amalola "Soft Switching," komwe ma semiconductor amayatsa ndikuzimitsa pa zero voltage (ZVS) kapena zero current (ZCS). Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) - yofunika kwambiri m'nyumba momwe muli Wi-Fi yolimba komanso zida zanzeru zapakhomo - ndipo zimachepetsa kukula kwa zosefera zamkati ndi ma heat sinks.

7.2 Kusamalira Kutentha: Kupitirira Fan

M'nyumba, phokoso ndi vuto lalikulu. Chojambulira cha 20kW chokhala ndi fan yamakampani yokweza sichivomerezeka pa garaja yolumikizidwa ku chipinda chogona. Mainjiniya agwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zowongolera kutentha mwakachetechete:

• Maginito Opangidwa ndi Zingwe:Zinthu monga ma inductors zimayikidwa m'miphika mu utomoni wotulutsa kutentha womwe umakoka kutentha kupita ku chivundikiro chakunja.
• Zosinthira kutentha kuchokera ku madzi kupita ku mpweya:Mabokosi ena apamwamba a DC amagwiritsa ntchito kachidutswa kakang'ono ka madzi kopanda phokoso (kofanana ndi PC yamasewera) kuti asunthe kutentha kuchokera ku ma module a SiC kupita ku chassis yayikulu ya aluminiyamu yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati radiator yokhazikika.
• Zipangizo Zosinthira Gawo (PCM):Mayunitsi apamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito ma PCM kuti atenge kutentha panthawi yochepa komanso yamphamvu kwambiri ndikutulutsa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ikhale yayikulu popanda kuzizira kwambiri.

7.3 Kapangidwe ka Kukhazikitsa: Dongosolo la "Gawa"

Pofuna kuthana ndi kulemera kwenikweni kwa zida zosinthira za 20kW+ conversion, opanga ena akupita ku kapangidwe kogawanika. Module yamagetsi olemera imayikidwa mu chipinda chapamwamba kapena chipinda chosungiramo zinthu, pomwe "head unit" yopyapyala, yabwino kwa opanga (yokhala ndi chinsalu ndi chingwe) imayikidwa mu garaja. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuyika kukhale kosavuta, chifukwa ntchito yamagetsi imachitika pafupi ndi gulu lalikulu, ndipo zingwe za DC zokhala ndi magetsi okwera okha ndi zomwe ziyenera kutumizidwa kumalo oimika magalimoto.

7.4 Zofunikira pa Kulumikizana kwa Gridi

Kukhazikitsa bokosi la DC pakhoma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa chipangizo chokhazikika cha AC. Nthawi zambiri kumafuna kulumikizana kwapadera kwa magawo atatu (ku Europe) kapena dera la 240V logawanika la magawo ambiri (ku North America).

• Kulinganiza Katundu pa Panel:Mayunitsi ambiri tsopano ali ndi "CT clamps" (Current Transformers) zomwe zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe nyumbayo imagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mwini nyumba atsegula sauna kapena uvuni wamagetsi, DC wallbox imadzipukusa yokha nthawi yomweyo kuti fuse yayikulu isapume.
• Zosinthira Zodzipatula:Ma charger a DC ayenera kupereka galvanic lening pakati pa grid ndi batire ya galimoto kuti atetezeke. Ma transformer amakono okhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba asintha ma transformer olemera a 50/60Hz, kuchepetsa kulemera kuchokera pa 50kg kufika pansi pa 5kg.

7.5 Uinjiniya wa Zingwe ndi Ergonomics

Zingwe za DC ndi zokhuthala kwambiri komanso zolemera kuposa zingwe za AC chifukwa zimayenera kunyamula mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba kwambiri (nthawi zambiri mpaka 80A kapena 100A). Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Mainjiniya apanga "zingwe zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi" (ngakhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba) zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira pang'ono kuti zilole kuti zigwirizane ndi mkuwa wochepa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chingwecho chikhale chosinthasintha komanso chopepuka ngati chingwe cha AC chokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino anthu okalamba kapena omwe ali ndi vuto losayenda bwino.

Mutu 8: Kusanthula Zachuma - Mzere wa Mtengo ndi Phindu ndi Mtengo Wonse wa Umwini (TCO)

Cholepheretsa chachikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito DC home charging m'mbuyomu chinali "Mtengo wa Sticker." Bokosi lapamwamba la AC lokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba limawononga $500–$1,000, pomwe bokosi la DC lokhala ndi mtengo wotsika limawononga $4,000–$10,000. Komabe, kuyang'ana pang'ono pa mtengo wogulira kumanyalanyaza zabwino zazikulu za Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).

8.1 "Mtengo Wopewedwa" wa Kusungira Zinthu Zosasinthika

Ngati mwini nyumba akuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito EV ndi batire yapakhomo (monga Tesla Powerwall), masamu azachuma amasintha. Powerwall ya 13.5kWh imadula pafupifupi $10,000. Posankha bokosi la DC lozungulira mbali zonse ziwiri, mwini nyumbayo angagwiritse ntchito batire ya 80kWh yomwe ili kale mu EV yake. "Mtengo pa kWh" wosungira kudzera mu bokosi la DC ndi zero (popeza mudagula kale galimotoyo), poyerekeza ndi $700/kWh yosungira yosasuntha. Panyumba yomwe ikufunika mphamvu yosungiramo zinthu zambiri, bokosi la DC ndilofunika kwambiri.wotsika mtengonjira yopezera ufulu wodziyimira pawokha pa mphamvu.

8.2 Kusunga Ndalama Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera

Ubwino wa 5% mpaka 8% wa DC-to-DC charging (kudzera pa dzuwa kupita ku EV) ukuwonjezeka. Kuyendetsa galimoto kwa makilomita 100,000, EV imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi 33,000 kWh. Kuwonjezeka kwa 5% kwa mphamvu kumasunga 1,650 kWh. Pa $0.25/kWh, ndiko kuti, $412 yosungira mwachindunji. Pa zaka 15 za moyo wa chaja, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu kokha kumatha kulipira mtengo wapamwamba kuposa chipangizo chotsika mtengo cha AC.

8.3 Kupeza Ndalama kudzera mu V2G

M'madera omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu a V2G omwe akugwira ntchito, DC wallbox imatha kupanga ndalama. California ndi mayiko angapo aku Europe akuyesa mapulogalamu omwe amalipira ogwiritsa ntchito $0.50 mpaka $1.00 pa kWh kuti athandizire pa "zadzidzidzi". Ngati woyendetsa apereka chithandizo cha 10kWh nthawi 50 pachaka, amatha kupeza $500 pachaka. Kuphatikiza ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zimafuna kuyankha, DC wallbox imasanduka kuchoka pa malo ogulira ndalama kupita ku chuma chopezera ndalama.

8.4 Kusanthula Kukhudzidwa ndi Kukhudzidwa: Zotsatira za Mitengo ya Magetsi

ROI ya DC wallbox imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufalikira pakati pa mitengo yamagetsi yomwe imakwera kwambiri komanso yomwe si yayikulu kwambiri. M'misika yomwe ili ndi mitengo ya "Time-of-Use" (ToU) komwe kufalikirako ndi $0.30/kWh kapena kuposerapo, nthawi yobwezera ndalama ya $5,000 DC wallbox (kuphatikiza kukhazikitsa) ikhoza kukhala yochepa ngati zaka 4 mpaka 6 poganizira za ndalama zosungira V2H ndi kukonza bwino mphamvu ya dzuwa. M'misika yomwe imakhala ndi mitengo yokhazikika, nthawi yobwezera ndalama imapitilira, zomwe zimapangitsa chipangizochi kukhala chogula "chapamwamba komanso cholimba" osati cha ndalama zokha.

8.5 Kukonza ndi Mtengo Wotsala

Mabokosi achikhalidwe a AC nthawi zambiri amaonedwa ngati zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotayidwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mabokosi a DC amamangidwa motsatira miyezo ya mafakitale. Mtengo wawo wotsala pamsika wachiwiri ukhoza kukhalabe wokwera, mofanana ndi ma inverter apamwamba a solar. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene nyumba zikuyesedwa kwambiri kutengera "Energy IQ" yawo, bokosi la DC lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kale lingathandize kuti pakhale mtengo wogulitsa katundu wa 2% mpaka 5%.

Mutu 9: Zapamwamba ndi Mtengo Wabwino - Chifukwa Chake Misika Yapamwamba Yokhalamo Imasankha DC

Mu gawo la malo apamwamba komanso magalimoto apamwamba, "Wallbox DC" yakhala chizindikiro cha ulemu, mofanana ndi khitchini yapamwamba kapena malo owonetsera zinthu panyumba. Ikuyimira kudzipereka ku ukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kusamalira zachilengedwe.

9.1 Mtsutso wa “Nthawi Ndi Yokhayo Yapamwamba”

Kwa mwini galimoto yamagetsi yothamanga kwambiri monga Porsche Taycan kapena Lucid Air, kudikira maola 10 kuti igule zonse ndi vuto. Bokosi la DC lomwe lingapereke "kuwonjezera" mu maola 1.5 limagwirizana ndi moyo wa munthu wolemera kwambiri. Kusavuta kubwerera kunyumba kuchokera paulendo wa gofu m'mawa ndikukhala ndi galimoto yodzaza ndi zonse yokonzeka msonkhano wa masana ndi phindu lomwe limaposa masamu osavuta amagetsi.

9.2 Kuphatikiza ndi Kupanga Zokongola

Mabokosi apamwamba a DC pakhoma (ochokera ku mitundu monga Wallbox, Delta, kapena ABB) apangidwa kuti azigwirizana ndi kapangidwe kapamwamba. Zinthu zake ndi monga:

• Zipangizo Zapamwamba:Aluminiyamu yopaka utoto, galasi lofewa, ndi ulusi wa kaboni.
• Kusamalira Zingwe Zobisika:Ma retractor a chingwe a mota kapena makina a "plug-in-and-discard" omwe amasunga pansi pa garaja paukhondo.
• Kuunikira kwa Biometric ndi Smart:Ma charger omwe amazindikira wogwiritsa ntchito kudzera pafoni kapena zala zawo ndipo amapereka kuwala kozungulira komwe kumasonyeza momwe chaji ilili mwachangu.

9.3 Kuyamikira Malo ndi Nyumba

Opanga mapulogalamu oganiza bwino akupanga nyumba za "Net Zero Luxury". Nyumba yokhala ndi chaja ya DC ya 20kW bi-directional imagulitsidwa ngati "V2H Ready." Mumsika womwe ukukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusakhazikika kwa gridi ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, izi zimapereka mwayi wopikisana pamtengo wogulitsanso, zomwe zimakopa ogula odziwa bwino zaukadaulo omwe amawona chaja ya AC yokhazikika ngati "katswiri wodziwika bwino."

9.4 Zochitika za "Flagship" kwa Opanga Magalimoto

Opanga magalimoto apamwamba akugwirizana ndi opanga ma charger a DC kuti apereke njira zoyatsira magalimoto kunyumba. Kasitomala akagula EV ya $150,000, wopanga magalimotoyo amafuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuyatsira magalimoto kukugwirizana ndi momwe amayendetsera galimoto. Bokosi la DC lomwe lili ndi dzina lodziwika bwino limapereka "chilengedwe" chogwirizana chomwe chimamanga kukhulupirika kwa kampani ndikuchepetsa "nkhawa" popereka mpumulo "wa nkhawa yachangu".

9.5 Ubwino wa Maganizo a “Kudikira Kosatha”

Kupatula liwiro lakuthupi, pali kusintha kwakukulu kwamaganizo momwe mwini nyumba amaonera galimoto yake akakhala ndi DC wallbox. Ndi AC charger yokhazikika, galimoto nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati "yofooka" - chipangizo chomwe chimafuna kusamaliridwa nthawi zonse komanso pang'onopang'ono. Ndi 25kW DC charger, galimotoyo imawonedwa ngati "yopezeka." Izi zimachepetsa katundu wazidziwitso wa umwini wa EV, kuchotsa kufunikira kokonzekera bwino ntchito ndi maulendo. Kwa ogula apamwamba, kumveka bwino kwamaganizo nthawi zambiri kumakhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri pa dongosolo lonse.

Mutu 10: Malo Oyendetsera Ntchito ndi Tsogolo la Miyezo Yogulira Mwanzeru

Pamene ukadaulo wochapira DC m'nyumba ukukulirakulira, malamulo akuvuta kuti agwirizane ndi izi. Kusintha kuchoka pa "kuchapira kopusa" kupita ku mgwirizano wa DC wozungulira mbali ziwiri kumafuna malamulo ogwirizana okhudza miyezo yamagalimoto, ma code amagetsi, ndi njira zolumikizirana zamagetsi.

10.1 Muyezo wa ISO 15118-20: Chilankhulo cha Padziko Lonse

Chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri pa malo ochajira ndi muyezo wa ISO 15118-20, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "Plug & Charge" wokhala ndi chithandizo cha mbali ziwiri. Ndondomeko iyi imalola:

• Kutsimikizira Kokha:Galimotoyo imadzizindikiritsa yokha ku DC wallbox ikangolumikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunikira kwa mapulogalamu kapena makadi a RFID.
• Kuwongolera Katundu Wamphamvu:Kulankhulana mwatsatanetsatane za momwe batire ilili, kutentha kwake, ndi zosowa zake zolipirira.
• Thandizo la mbali ziwiri:Muyezowu umakhazikitsa malamulo okhudza kugwirana chanza komwe kumafunika pa V2H ndi V2G, kuonetsetsa kuti Ford EV ikhoza kulankhula ndi Wallbox charger ndi Siemens grid interface popanda mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa.

10.2 Kusintha kwa Malamulo a Magetsi: NEC ndi IEC

Ma code amagetsi a dziko lonse ndi apadziko lonse lapansi akusinthidwa kuti aphatikizepo "DC Microgrids."

• Nkhani ya NEC 706 (Machitidwe Osungira Mphamvu):Ku United States, National Electrical Code tsopano ikupereka malangizo omveka bwino a momwe mungachitire EV ngati njira yosungiramo zinthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo zofunikira kuti magetsi azimitsidwe mwachangu komanso kuti asagwe, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamakina a DC kuposa makina a AC.
• Zolumikizira Zachitetezo:Mabokosi a DC pakhoma amafunika kuzindikira bwino kutuluka kwa madzi m'nthaka komanso chitetezo cha arc-flash. Popeza ma arc a DC alibe "zero-crossing" ngati AC, ndi ovuta kuzimitsa. Ma charger amakono a DC amaphatikizapo kulumikizidwa kwamagetsi ndi makina kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha m'nyumba.

10.3 Kulumikizana kwa Ntchito ndi Kuyeza kwa Net

Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi njira yomaliza yopezera chithandizo. Kuti mwini nyumba agwiritse ntchito V2G, chipangizocho chiyenera kuvomereza "mgwirizano wolumikizana."

• IEEE 1547:Muyezo uwu umalamulira momwe mphamvu zogawika (monga EV yolumikizidwa ndi DC) zingalumikizire ku gridi. Umaonetsetsa kuti ngati gridiyo yagwa, EV imasiya kubwezera magetsi ku mizere kuti iteteze ogwira ntchito zamagetsi (otsutsana ndi kufalikira kwa zilumba).
• Zatsopano Zokhudza Kulipira:Tikuwona kukwera kwa "Mitengo Yeniyeni" (RTP). Mu chitsanzo ichi, DC wallbox ndi chida chandalama, chogula mphamvu pamitengo yotsika (yofala m'madera omwe mphepo imawomba kwambiri) ndikuigulitsanso panthawi yamavuto.

Mutu 11: Zochitika Zokhudza Kukhazikitsa - Maphunziro a Nkhani Zenizeni

Kuti titsimikizire mfundo zaukadaulo izi kukhala zenizeni, tiyeni tiwone zochitika zitatu zosiyana zomwe ma DC wallbox amapereka phindu losintha.

Phunziro la Nkhani A: Nyumba Yokhala ndi Chipululu Chodzidalira pa Dzuwa (Arizona, USA)

Kukhazikitsa:Nyumba ya mamita 4,000 sq. yokhala ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ya padenga ya 15kW, khoma la 20kW DC, ndi 100kWh EV.Vutolo:Kampani yogulitsa zinthu m'deralo ili ndi "ndalama zofunidwa" zambiri komanso ngongole yochepa yotumiza kunja kwa dziko pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.Yankho la DC:Mwininyumba amagwiritsa ntchito DC wallbox kuti azitha kuyatsa magetsi a EV mwachindunji kuchokera ku solar panels pa 15kW DC. Popewa kutaya mphamvu ya AC-DC conversion ndi "middleman" wamagetsi, nyumbayo imapeza 95% ya mphamvu ya dzuwa yokha. Nthawi yamadzulo (4 PM - 8 PM), DC wallbox imapereka 8kW ya V2H yothandizira, kupatsa mphamvu ma AC ndi ma pool pumps. Izi zimachotsa kufunikira kwa batire yokhazikika ya $20,000, kupulumutsa mwininyumba ndalama zambiri komanso kuonetsetsa kuti galimoto yake yakonzeka kupita ku ulendo wa m'mawa.

Phunziro B: Nyumba Yapamwamba Yokhala ndi Zipinda Zambiri (London, UK)

Kukhazikitsa:Nyumba yokongola yokhala ndi malo oimika magalimoto 10, iliyonse yokhala ndi kabati yamagetsi ya 50kW DC yogawana komanso "mayunitsi akuluakulu" payekhapayekha.Vutolo:Magetsi onse a nyumbayi ndi ochepa. Kukhazikitsa ma charger a AC a 10 x 22kW kungafunike kukonzedwanso kwakukulu kwa siteshoni yaying'ono yamagetsi ya mapaundi mamiliyoni ambiri.Yankho la DC:Nyumbayi imagwiritsa ntchito dziwe lamagetsi la DC lomwe lili pakati. M'malo mwa mayunitsi 10 osiyana a AC, makinawa amagawa mphamvu ya 50kW DC ku magalimoto omwe amafunikira kwambiri. Popeza kuti DC charging imayendetsedwa ndi digito komanso imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, nyumbayi imatha kuthandizira ma EV 10 pamagetsi omwe alipo. Anthu okhala m'nyumbayi amasangalala ndi "concierge" yothamanga kwambiri ya 25kW, zomwe sizingatheke ndi zomangamanga za AC.

Phunziro la Nkhani C: "Kuthawa" kwa Kutali Kopanda Gridi (Scottish Highlands)

Kukhazikitsa:Nyumba yogona yakutali yoyendetsedwa ndi turbine ya micro-hydro ndi jenereta yaying'ono ya mphepo.Vutolo:Gridi yaying'ono ndi yofooka ndipo singathe kuthana ndi "inrush current" ya makina akale ochapira a AC.Yankho la DC:Bokosi la DC limagwira ntchito ngati chosungira chapamwamba. Limakoka mphamvu ya DC yokhazikika, yotsika mphamvu kuchokera ku hydro/wind system kupita ku batire yaying'ono ya buffer, kenako "limaphulitsa" mphamvuyo kupita ku EV pa 20kW DC pakafunika kutero. Kuwongolera kolondola kwa chojambulira cha DC kumalepheretsa micro-grid kugwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti EV ikhale ndi madera akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Mutu 12: Mavuto aukadaulo ndi njira zochepetsera mavuto

Ngakhale kuti ubwino wake ndi waukulu, njira yopezera ndalama zoyendetsera nyumba zonse za DC si yopanda mavuto. Kuthetsa mavutowa ndi komwe kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chamakono chikufunira.

12.1 Phokoso Lalikulu Kwambiri ndi Kugwirizana kwa Magetsi (EMC)

Kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira cha 20kW SiC pa 200kHz m'garaja ya m'nyumba kungapangitse phokoso lalikulu lamagetsi. Ngati silinatetezedwe bwino, phokosoli lingasokoneze Wi-Fi ya m'nyumba, ma siginecha a foni, komanso ngakhale sensa ya galimotoyo.Kuchepetsa vutoli:Opanga otsogola amagwiritsa ntchito zosefera za EMI za magawo ambiri ndi kusintha kwa "spread-spectrum". Mwa kusintha pang'ono ma frequency osinthira m'malo mokhala pa peak imodzi yokhazikika, "phokoso" limafalikira pa band yokulirapo, zomwe zimachepetsa kusokoneza kwa peak kufika pamlingo wogwirizana ndi miyezo yokhwima ya FCC ndi CE.

12.2 Ma Harmoniki a Gridi ndi Ubwino wa Mphamvu

Ma charger akuluakulu a DC amatha kubwezeretsanso "harmonics" mu panel yamagetsi. Izi ndi kupotoza kwa mafunde oyera a sine omwe ntchitoyo imapereka. Kupotoza kwakukulu kwa harmonic kungayambitse ma mota ena (monga omwe ali mufiriji kapena makina ochapira) kutentha kwambiri ndikulephera msanga.Kuchepetsa vutoli:Mabotolo a DC amagwiritsa ntchito ma circuit a Active Power Factor Correction (APFC). Ma circuit amenewa amatsimikizira kuti mphamvu yochokera ku grid ili bwino kwambiri ndi magetsi, kusunga "Power Factor" ya >0.99 ndikusunga kusokonezeka konse kwa harmonic (TTHD) m'nyumba pansi pa malire omwe afotokozedwa ndi IEEE 519 ndi IEC 61000-3-2. Ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yoposa 0.99 ndipo THD nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa 5% ikadzaza kwathunthu, bokosi lamakono la SiC limasintha kwambiri mphamvu yamagetsi yapakhomo: kutsogolo kwa APFC kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikwere bwino kwambiri kotero kuti zida zolumikizidwa zimawona mawonekedwe oyera kuposa zamagetsi ambiri apakhomo.

12.3 Kusamalira Kutentha kwa Nyumba

Bokosi la khoma la 20kW DC limasunga kutentha kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe opangidwa kuti azikhala mu garaja. Ubwino wa SiC ndi wofunika kwambiri pano. Pa mphamvu ya 97-98%, chipangizo cha 20kW chimachotsa kutentha pafupifupi 400-600W — poyerekeza ndi 1,000W kapena kuposerapo pa kapangidwe kofanana ndi ka silicon. Kusiyana kumeneku kumalola bokosi la khoma kugwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwachilengedwe kotsekedwa, kopanda fan m'malo ambiri, kuchotsa malo olephera kwambiri pakuchaja zida: mafani otsekedwa ndi fumbi ndi phokoso logwirizana nawo.

Pakuyika m'magalaji opanda mpweya, envelopu yotenthetsera ndi yofunika. Gawo la mphamvu ya charger limachepa bwino: pamene kutentha kwa mlengalenga kumakwera pamwamba pa 40°C (104°F), chipangizocho chimachepetsa mphamvu yotulutsa yokha pang'onopang'ono, kuteteza zigawo zamkati pamene chikupitilizabe kuyitanitsa galimotoyo pamlingo wotsika. Dalaivala nthawi zonse amadziwa momwe zinthu zilili panopa kudzera mu pulogalamu yotsagana nayo, yomwe imafotokoza mphamvu ya charger ndi thermal headroom.

12.4 Chitetezo, Chitsimikizo, ndi Mawonekedwe a Nyumba Yonse

Kuchaja kwa DC ya m'nyumba kumafuna chitetezo chofanana ndi zida zamagetsi. Bokosi la pakhoma limaphatikizapo chitetezo cha vuto la pansi, kuzindikira vuto la arc, ndi RCD ya "Mtundu B" (chipangizo chamagetsi chotsalira) chomwe chingathe kuzindikira mafunde a DC omwe ma RCD a AC okha amaphonya. Kutseka kutentha kwambiri, chitetezo cha reverse-polarity, ndi ma contactor owonjezera amatsimikizira kuti njira yolakwika kwambiri ndi yotetezeka komanso yolamulidwa - osati arc yosalamulirika.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, bokosi la pakhoma limalumikizana kudzera pa OCPP ndi makina oyang'anira mphamvu a mwini nyumba. Likaphatikizidwa ndi solar ya padenga ndi batire ya panyumba, limatha kutchaja galimotoyo kuchokera ku solar yowonjezera, kutumiza mphamvu kunyumba (V2H) panthawi yamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, komanso kutaya katundu panthawi yamavuto a gridi. Zotsatira zake zimakhala chipangizo chimodzi, chogwirizana m'malo mwa zida zodziyimira pawokha - komanso nyumba yomwe imasunga magetsi ake akayaka gridiyo.

Kusavuta kukhazikitsa n'kofunika kwambiri.Bokosi lapadera la 20kW DC limalumikizana ndi gulu lomwe lilipo mnyumbamo kudzera mu chosokoneza chimodzi cha magawo atatu kapena magawo ogawanika, ndipo mita yamagetsi yomangidwa mkati mwa chojambuliracho imachotsa kufunikira kokhazikitsa CT-clamp yapadera m'makonzedwe ambiri. Kaya yakonzedwanso mu garaja yomalizidwa kapena yokonzedweratu kuti imangidwenso, mawonekedwe ocheperako omangidwira pakhoma ndi choyikirapo chapadera chimapatsa eni nyumba ndi akatswiri amagetsi kusinthasintha - ndipo kukhazikitsa kulikonse kumathandizidwa ndi CE, UL, ndi ziphaso zakomweko zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilolezo chikhale chosavuta.

Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri

• Malekezero akutsogolo a APFC ali ndi mphamvu yoposa 0.99 ndipo amasinthasintha motsatira malire a IEEE 519, zomwe zimateteza zipangizo zapakhomo.
• Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa SiC kumapangitsa kuti nyumba ziziziritsidwe popanda mafani, komanso kuti zikhale ndi kutentha kokongola.
• Ma RCD a Mtundu B, kuzindikira zolakwika za arc, ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito OCPP zimapangitsa kuti khoma likhale chipangizo chapakhomo chotetezeka komanso chogwirizana ndi gridi.
• Mphamvu ya V2H imasintha galimoto kukhala gwero lamagetsi lothandizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri ikazima.

Lumikizanani ndi MIDA Power

Ma charger a DC a MIDA Power a pakhoma — kuyambira 20kW mpaka 60kW — amapangidwira msika wanyumba ndi wamalonda ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi magawo amphamvu a SiC, kukonzekera kwa ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, komanso kutsatira kwathunthu kwa OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1. Kuti mulandire ma datasheet, malangizo okhazikitsa, kapena mtengo wa polojekiti yanu, funsani gulu lathu logulitsa. Mainjiniya athu adzakuthandizani kukula kwa pakhoma loyenera kukula kwa panel yanu, solar array, ndi kapangidwe ka batri lapakhomo.