Umkhuba wamathuba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemojula yokushaja izimoto zamandla amasha

1. Ukubuka konke kwentuthuko yemboni yemodyuli yokushaja

Amamojula okushaja ayimnyombo yama-DC charger piles ezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Njengoba izinga lokungena kanye nobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla eShayina kuqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo sama-charger piles siyanda. Ukushaja kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuhlukaniswe ngokuthi ukushaja okuhamba kancane kwe-AC kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kunezici ze-voltage ephezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nokushaja okusheshayo. Njengoba imakethe iphishekela ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, isilinganiso semakethe sama-DC piles kanye nama-charger modules siyaqhubeka nokukhula.

2. Izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zomkhakha wemodyuli yokushaja ye-EV

Imboni entsha ye-ev charger pile ev charging module okwamanje inezici zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-single module high power, high frequency, miniaturization, high conversion efficiency, kanye ne-wide voltage range.

Ngokuphathelene namandla emojuli eyodwa, imboni entsha yokushaja inqwaba yokushaja amandla ibone ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ojwayelekile ongu-7.5kW ngo-2014, ugesi oqhubekayo ongu-20A no-15kW ngo-2015, kanye namandla aqhubekayo angu-25A no-15kW ngo-2016. Amamojula okushaja asetshenziswa njengamanje angu-20kW no-30kW. Izixazululo zemojuli eyodwa kanye nokuguqulwa kube ugesi omusha wokushaja inqwaba ongu-40kW izixazululo zemojuli eyodwa. Amamojula okushaja anamandla aphezulu abe yindlela yokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokuphathelene ne-voltage yokukhipha, i-State Grid ikhiphe inguqulo ka-2017 ye-“Qualification and Ability Verification Standards for Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment Suppliers” ithi ububanzi be-voltage yokukhipha yamashaja e-DC bungu-200-750V, kanti i-voltage yamandla engaguquki ihlanganisa okungenani ububanzi be-400-500V kanye ne-600-750V. Ngakho-ke, bonke abakhiqizi bamamojula ngokuvamile baklama amamojula e-200-750V futhi bahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla angaguquki. Njengoba ukwanda kobubanzi bezimoto zikagesi kanye nesidingo sabasebenzisi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja, imboni iphakamise ukwakheka kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-800V, futhi ezinye izinkampani ziye zathola ukuhlinzekwa kwamamojula okushaja inqwaba ye-DC enobubanzi be-voltage yokukhipha obungu-200-1000V. .

Ngokuphathelene nemvamisa ephezulu kanye nokunciphisa amamojula okushaja, amandla amamojula omshini owodwa wezinsiza zamandla amasha okushaja amandla akhuphukile, kodwa ivolumu yawo ayikwazi ukukhuliswa ngokulinganayo. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa imvamisa yokushintsha nokuhlanganisa izingxenye zikagesi kube yindlela ebalulekile yokwandisa ubuningi bamandla.

Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kahle kwemodyuli yokushaja, izinkampani ezinkulu embonini entsha yemodyuli yokushaja inqwaba yamandla ngokuvamile zinokusebenza kahle okuphezulu okungu-95%-96%. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifana namadivayisi kagesi esizukulwane sesithathu kanye nokwanda kwezimoto zikagesi ezine-800V noma ngaphezulu. Ngeplatifomu enamandla aphezulu, imboni kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu engaphezu kuka-98%.

Njengoba ubukhulu bamandla amamojula okushaja bukhula, kuletha nezinkinga ezinkulu zokushaja. Ngokuphathelene nokushaja amamojula okushaja, indlela yamanje yokushaja ukushisa embonini ukuphoqeleka kokupholisa umoya, futhi kunezindlela ezifana nezindlela zomoya obandayo ezivaliwe kanye nokupholisa amanzi. Ukupholisa umoya kunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi kanye nesakhiwo esilula. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ingcindezi yokushaja ukushisa ikhula ngokwengeziwe, ukungalungi kwamandla okushaja ukushisa okulinganiselwe kanye nomsindo ophezulu kuzobonakala kakhulu. Ukuhlomisa imojula yokushaja kanye nomugqa wesibhamu ngokupholisa uketshezi sekuyisisombululo esikhulu.

3. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe isheshisa amathuba okuthuthukiswa kokungena kwemboni entsha yamandla

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha bemboni yamandla buqhubekile nokwenza intuthuko kanye nokuthuthukiswa, kanti ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokungena kukhuthaze intuthuko eqhubekayo yemboni yemodyuli yokushaja ephezulu. Ukwanda okukhulu kobuningi bamandla ebhethri kuxazulule inkinga yokuntuleka kobubanzi bokuhamba kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula okushaja anamandla aphezulu kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja, ngaleyo ndlela kusheshiswe ukungena kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-pile okushaja asekelayo. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe obufana nokugcinwa kwe-optical kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokushaja kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi yezimoto ze-V2G kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshise ukungena kwezimboni ezintsha zamandla kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa.

4. Isimo sokuncintisana embonini: Imboni yemodyuli yokushaja incintisana ngokugcwele futhi isikhala semakethe yemikhiqizo sikhulu.

Imodyuli yokushaja iyisici esiyinhloko sama-DC charging piles. Njengoba ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokungena kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla emhlabeni jikelele, abathengi bakhathazeka kakhulu ngebanga lokushaja kanye nokulula kokushaja. Isidingo semakethe sama-DC fast charging piles siqhumile, futhi imakethe yokusebenza kwama-charging piles yasekhaya ikhule kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala, i-State Grid yayiyiyona nto eyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni okuhlukahlukene. Inani labasebenzi bezimali zomphakathi abanekhono lokukhiqiza imishini yama-charging piles kanye nokusebenza bavele ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi bama-module wokushaja wasekhaya baqhubeka nokwandisa isikali sabo sokukhiqiza kanye nokuthengisa ekwakheni ama-charging piles asekelayo, futhi ukuncintisana kwabo okuphelele kwaqhubeka nokuqina.

Njengamanje, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokwenziwa kabusha komkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamamojula okushaja, ukuncintisana embonini kwanele. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile ithuthuka ngendlela ye-voltage ephezulu kanye nobuningi bamandla aphezulu, futhi isikhala semakethe yomkhiqizo sikhulu. Amabhizinisi embonini ikakhulukazi athola isabelo semakethe esiphezulu kanye namazinga enzuzo ngokuthuthukisa njalo i-topology yomkhiqizo, ama-algorithm okulawula, ukwenza ngcono izinhlelo zehadiwe kanye nokukhiqiza, njll.

5. Izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwamamojula okushaja e-EV

Njengoba amamojula okushaja eletha isidingo esikhulu semakethe, ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka bubheke ekuxineni kwamandla aphezulu, ububanzi bamandla kagesi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu.

1) Ushintsho oluqhutshwa yinqubomgomo luye koluqhutshwa yisidingo

Ukuze kusekelwe futhi kukhuthazwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja kwaholwa kakhulu nguhulumeni esigabeni sokuqala, futhi kancane kancane kwaqondisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha ekuqondisweni kokushayela okungokwemvelo ngokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo. Kusukela ngo-2021, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kubeke izidingo ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwezikhungo ezisekelayo kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja. Imboni yezinqwaba zokushaja iqeda ukuguqulwa kusuka ekuqondisweni kwenqubomgomo kuya ekuqondisweni kwesidingo.

Njengoba sibhekene nenani elikhulayo lezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ngaphezu kokwandisa ubuningi bokuhlelwa kwenqwaba yokushaja, isikhathi sokushaja kumele sifinyezwe kakhulu. Ama-pile okushaja e-DC anesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo kanye nezikhathi zokushaja ezimfushane, ezifaneleka kakhulu izidingo zokushaja zesikhashana neziphuthumayo zabasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi, futhi zingaxazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga zokukhathazeka ngebanga lezimoto zikagesi kanye nokukhathazeka ngokushaja. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isilinganiso semakethe sokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuma-pile okushaja asanda kwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi ama-pile okushaja omphakathi, sikhule ngokushesha futhi sesiyinto evamile emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu eShayina.

Ngamafuphi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba inani lezimoto ezintsha zamandla liqhubeka nokukhula, ukwakhiwa okusekelayo kwama-pile okushaja kudinga ukuthuthukiswa njalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi ngokuvamile baphishekela ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC. Ama-pile okushaja e-DC aseyisitayela esivamile, futhi amamojula okushaja nawo angene esidingweni. Isigaba sentuthuko lapho ukudonsa kuyiwona mandla amakhulu okushayela.

(2) Ubuningi bamandla aphezulu, ububanzi bamandla kagesi, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kusho amandla okushaja aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesidingo esikhulayo sokushaja okusheshayo, amamojula okushaja ayaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuya ngamandla aphezulu. Amandla aphezulu enqwaba yokushaja atholakala ngezindlela ezimbili. Enye iwukuxhuma amamojula amaningi okushaja ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kufezwe ukufakwa kwamandla; enye iwukwandisa amandla alodwa emojula yokushaja. Ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zobuchwepheshe zokwandisa ubuningi bamandla, ukunciphisa isikhala, nokunciphisa ubunzima bokwakhiwa kukagesi, ukwandisa amandla emojula eyodwa yokushaja kuyindlela yokuthuthukiswa yesikhathi eside. Amamojula okushaja ezweni lami adlule ezizukulwaneni ezintathu zokuthuthukiswa, kusukela esizukulwaneni sokuqala esingu-7.5kW kuya esizukulwaneni sesibili esingu-15/20kW, futhi manje asesikhathini sokuguqulwa kusukela esizukulwaneni sesibili kuya esizukulwaneni sesithathu esingu-30/40kW. Amamojula okushaja aphezulu abe yinto eyinhloko emakethe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokuklama we-miniaturization, ubuningi bamandla bamamojula okushaja nawo akhuphuke kanyekanye nokwanda kwezinga lamandla.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufinyelela izinga eliphezulu lamandla ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC: ukwandisa i-voltage nokwandisa i-current. Isixazululo sokushaja esiphezulu samukelwa okokuqala yiTesla. Inzuzo ukuthi izindleko zokwenza ngcono izingxenye ziphansi, kodwa i-current ephezulu izoletha ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokushisa kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokushaja, futhi izintambo ezijiyile zinciphisa ukulula futhi zikhuthaze Ngezinga elincane. Isixazululo se-voltage ephezulu ukwandisa i-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza yemojuli yokushaja. Njengamanje iyimodeli evame ukusetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi bezimoto. Ingacabangela izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri, ukunciphisa isisindo, kanye nokonga isikhala. Isixazululo se-voltage ephezulu sidinga ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zihlonyiswe ngepulatifomu ye-voltage ephezulu ukusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja okusheshayo. Njengamanje, ikhambi lokushaja okusheshayo elivame ukusetshenziswa yizinkampani zezimoto yipulatifomu ye-voltage ephezulu ye-400V. Ngocwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwepulatifomu ye-voltage ye-800V, izinga le-voltage lemojuli yokushaja lizothuthukiswa kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuyinkomba yobuchwepheshe elandelwa njalo amamojula okushaja. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kusho ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okuphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi. Njengamanje, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwamamojula okushaja ngokuvamile kungu-95% ~ 96%. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezifana namadivayisi kagesi esizukulwane sesithathu kanye ne-voltage yokukhipha yamamojula okushaja aqhubekela ku-800V noma ngisho no-1000V, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu.

(3) Inani lamamojula okushaja i-ev liyakhuphuka

Imojula yokushaja iyisici esiyinhloko senqwaba yokushaja ye-DC, ebiza cishe u-50% wezindleko zehadiwe zenqwaba yokushaja. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokushaja esikhathini esizayo kuncike kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwamamojula okushaja. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amamojula amaningi okushaja axhunywe ngokulingana azokhulisa ngqo inani lemojula yokushaja; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lamandla kanye nobuningi bamandla emojula yokushaja eyodwa kuncike ekwakhiweni okuhle kwamasekethe ehadiwe kanye nesofthiwe yokulawula kanye nobuchwepheshe bezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuphumelela, lobu ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuthuthukisa amandla enqwaba yokushaja yonke, okuzokhulisa inani lemojula yokushaja.

6. Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe embonini yemodyuli yokushaja amandla e-EV

Ubuchwepheshe bokuphakelwa kwamandla buyisifundo esihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene esihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-topology yesekethe, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, ubuchwepheshe bukamazibuthe, ubuchwepheshe bezingxenye, ubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuklama ukushisa. Kuyimboni egxile kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Njengenhliziyo yenqwaba yokushaja ye-DC, imodyuli yokushaja inquma ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, ukuzinza kokusebenza, ukuphepha kanye nokuthembeka kwenqwaba yokushaja, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nenani layo kuvelele. Umkhiqizo udinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezinsiza kanye nochwepheshe kusukela ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-terminal. Indlela yokukhetha izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nokwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuphindaphinda kwe-algorithm yesofthiwe, ukuqonda okunembile kwezimo zesicelo, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuvuthiwe kanye namakhono epulatifomu yokuhlola konke kuzothinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuzinza kunomthelela oqondile. Kunzima ngabasanda kungena embonini ukuqoqa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, abasebenzi, kanye nedatha yesimo sesicelo ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi banezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme.