Njira yatsopano yopezera mwayi wopezera mwayi wopezera mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito gawo latsopano la magalimoto amphamvu

1. Chidule cha chitukuko cha makampani ochaja ma module

Ma module ochaja ndiwo maziko a ma DC charging piles a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Pamene kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kukuchulukirachulukira komanso umwini wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ku China ukupitirira, kufunikira kwa ma charger piles kukuchulukirachulukira. Kuchaja magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kumagawidwa m'magulu monga AC slow charging ndi DC fast charging. DC fast charging ili ndi mawonekedwe a high voltage, high power ndi fast charging. Pamene msika ukutsata bwino charging, kukula kwa msika wa ma DC fast charging piles ndi ma charger modules kukupitilira kukula.

2. Mulingo waukadaulo ndi mawonekedwe a makampani ochaja ma module a ev

Makampani atsopano a ma charger a ev charging pile ev charger module pakadali pano ali ndi zinthu zaukadaulo monga single module high power, high frequency, miniaturization, high conversion efficiency, komanso wide voltage range.

Ponena za mphamvu ya single module, makampani atsopano ochapira ma pile amagetsi akumana ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha zinthu za 7.5kW mu 2014, constant current 20A ndi 15kW mu 2015, ndi constant power 25A ndi 15kW mu 2016. Ma charger module omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndi 20kW ndi 30kW. Ma solution a single module ndi kusintha kukhala 40kW ma charger atsopano a single module. Ma charger amphamvu kwambiri akhala njira yopititsira patsogolo msika mtsogolo.

Ponena za mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa, State Grid idatulutsa mtundu wa 2017 wa "Miyezo Yotsimikizira Kuyenerera ndi Kuthekera kwa Ogulitsa Zipangizo Zochapira Magalimoto Amagetsi" ponena kuti mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa ma charger a DC ndi 200-750V, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yosasintha imaphimba mitundu ya 400-500V ndi 600-750V. Chifukwa chake, opanga ma module onse nthawi zambiri amapanga ma module a 200-750V ndipo amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamphamvu zosasintha. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto amagetsi komanso kufunika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto atsopano kuti achepetse nthawi yochapira, makampaniwa apereka lingaliro la kapangidwe ka 800V kofulumira kwambiri, ndipo makampani ena apeza njira zoperekera ma module ochapira ma DC okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa yambiri ya 200-1000V. .

Ponena za ma module ochaja okhala ndi ma frequency ambiri komanso ochepa, mphamvu ya ma module a makina amodzi a magetsi atsopano ochaja mphamvu yawonjezeka, koma kuchuluka kwake sikungakulitsidwe mofanana. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera ma frequency osinthira ndikuphatikiza zigawo zamaginito kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.

Ponena za magwiridwe antchito a ma module ochaja, makampani akuluakulu mumakampani atsopano ochaja ma module ochaja mphamvu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri ya 95%-96%. M'tsogolomu, ndi chitukuko cha zida zamagetsi monga zida zamagetsi za m'badwo wachitatu komanso kufalikira kwa magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi 800V kapena kupitirira apo. Ndi nsanja yamagetsi okwera, makampaniwa akuyembekezeka kubweretsa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa 98%.

Pamene mphamvu ya ma module ochaji ikukwera, zimabweretsanso mavuto akuluakulu otaya kutentha. Ponena za kutaya kutentha kwa ma module ochaji, njira yodziwika bwino yotaya kutentha mumakampaniyi ndi kuzizira mpweya mokakamiza, ndipo palinso njira monga ma ducts ozizira otsekedwa ndi kuzizira kwa madzi. Kuziziritsa mpweya kuli ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika komanso kapangidwe kosavuta. Komabe, pamene kuthamanga kwa kutentha kukuwonjezeka, kuipa kwa mphamvu yochepa yotaya kutentha kwa mpweya komanso phokoso lalikulu kudzawonekera kwambiri. Kukonzekeretsa module yochajira ndi mzere wa mfuti ndi kuziziritsa madzi kwakhala njira yayikulu yothetsera vutoli.

3. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kumathandizira mwayi wopititsa patsogolo ntchito zatsopano zamagetsi

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ukadaulo watsopano wamakampani opanga mphamvu wapitiliza kupita patsogolo komanso kupita patsogolo, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa magetsi olowera kwalimbikitsa chitukuko chopitilira cha makampani opanga magetsi olowera m'mwamba. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya batri kwathetsa vuto la magalimoto atsopano osakwanira kuyenda, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ma module amphamvu kwambiri kwachepetsa nthawi yochaja, motero kufulumizitsa kulowa kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi komanso kumanga ma pile othandizira ochaja. M'tsogolomu, kuphatikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo monga kusungira ndi kuphatikiza magetsi ndi kulumikizana kwa netiweki yamagalimoto a V2G akuyembekezeka kufulumizitsa kulowa kwa mafakitale atsopano amagetsi komanso kufalikira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito.

4. Mpikisano wamakampani: Makampani opanga ma module ochaja ali ndi mpikisano wokwanira ndipo malo ogulitsira zinthu ndi akulu.

Gawo lochapira ndiye gawo lalikulu la ma DC charging piles. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, ogula akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ma charging piles ndi kusavuta kwa charging. Kufunika kwa msika wa ma DC fast charging piles kwakula kwambiri, ndipo msika wa ntchito za ma DC charging piles wakula kuyambira Kale, State Grid inali mphamvu yayikulu pakukula kosiyanasiyana. Ogwira ntchito ambiri azachuma omwe ali ndi zida zopangira ma charging piles komanso luso logwirira ntchito adawonekera mwachangu. Opanga ma module ochapira m'nyumba adapitiliza kukulitsa kupanga kwawo ndi kugulitsa kuti amange ma pile othandizira, ndipo mpikisano wawo wonse unapitilira kukulirakulira.

Pakadali pano, patatha zaka zambiri zosinthira zinthu ndi kupanga ma module ochaja, mpikisano wamakampani ndi wokwanira. Zinthu zazikulu zikukula motsatira magetsi amphamvu komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndipo malo amsika wazinthu ndi akulu. Mabizinesi m'makampaniwa makamaka amapeza gawo lalikulu pamsika komanso phindu mwa kusintha topology yazinthu, ma algorithms owongolera, kukonza zida zamagetsi ndi makina opangira, ndi zina zotero.

5. Kukula kwa ma module ochapira magetsi a ev

Pamene ma module ochaja akubweretsa kufunikira kwakukulu pamsika, ukadaulo ukupitilira kukula kuti ukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu zambiri, komanso mphamvu zambiri zosinthira.

1) Kusintha kotsogozedwa ndi mfundo kupita ku zofuna

Pofuna kuthandizira ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, ntchito yomanga ma charger piles inatsogoleredwa makamaka ndi boma kumayambiriro kwa chaka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono inatsogolera chitukuko cha makampaniwa ku njira yoyendetsera zinthu kudzera mu ndondomeko yothandizira. Kuyambira mu 2021, chitukuko chachangu cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu chaika zofunikira zazikulu pa ntchito yomanga malo othandizira ndi ma charger piles. Makampani opanga ma charger piles akumaliza kusintha kuchoka pa mfundo kupita pa mfundo zofunidwa.

Poyang'anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kuwonjezera pa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma charger mulu, nthawi yochaja iyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Ma DC charging piles ali ndi liwiro lofulumira la charging komanso nthawi yochepa yochaja, zomwe ndizoyenera kwambiri pazosowa zakanthawi komanso zadzidzidzi za ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo zimatha kuthetsa mavuto a nkhawa ndi nkhawa za magalimoto amagetsi. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kukula kwa msika wa DC fast charging m'ma charger atsopano omangidwa, makamaka ma charger a anthu onse, kwakula mofulumira ndipo kwakhala chizolowezi chodziwika bwino m'mizinda yambiri yayikulu ku China.

Mwachidule, mbali imodzi, pamene chiwerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu chikupitirira kukula, kapangidwe kothandizira ma pile ochajira kayenera kukonzedwa nthawi zonse. Kumbali ina, ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zambiri amatsata DC fast charging. Ma pile ochajira a DC akhala njira yodziwika bwino, ndipo ma module ochajira nawonso alowa mu kufunikira. Gawo la chitukuko momwe kukoka ndiye mphamvu yayikulu yoyendetsera.

(2) Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa ma voltage ambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri

Chomwe chimatchedwa kuti kuchaja mwachangu chimatanthauza mphamvu yochaja kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kuchaja mwachangu, ma module ochaja akupitiliza kukula molunjika ku mphamvu yayikulu. Mphamvu yayikulu ya mulu wochaja imakwaniritsidwa m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba ndikulumikiza ma module angapo ochaja nthawi imodzi kuti akwaniritse mphamvu yowonjezera; china ndikuwonjezera mphamvu imodzi ya module yochaja. Kutengera zosowa zaukadaulo zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuchepetsa malo, ndikuchepetsa zovuta za kapangidwe ka magetsi, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya module imodzi yochaja ndi njira yopitira patsogolo kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma module ochaja mdziko langa adutsa mibadwo itatu ya chitukuko, kuyambira m'badwo woyamba 7.5kW mpaka m'badwo wachiwiri 15/20kW, ndipo tsopano ali munthawi yosinthira kuchokera m'badwo wachiwiri kupita ku mbadwo wachitatu 30/40kW. Ma module ochaja amphamvu kwambiri akhala chinthu chachikulu pamsika. Nthawi yomweyo, kutengera mfundo yopangira miniaturization, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kwa ma module ochaja kwawonjezekanso nthawi imodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu.

Pali njira ziwiri zopezera mphamvu zambiri zolipirira DC fast charging: kuonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi. Njira yolipirira mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ndi Tesla. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti mtengo wokonza zinthu ndi wotsika, koma mphamvu yamagetsi ...

Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a masinthidwe ndi chizindikiro chaukadaulo chomwe ma module ochaja nthawi zonse amatsatira. Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a masinthidwe kumatanthauza kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kwa ma module ochaja komanso kutayika kochepa. Pakadali pano, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri a ma module ochaja nthawi zambiri amakhala 95% ~ 96%. M'tsogolomu, ndi chitukuko cha zida zamagetsi monga zida zamagetsi za m'badwo wachitatu komanso mphamvu yotulutsa ya ma module ochaja ikupita ku 800V kapena 1000V, kuyendetsa bwino ntchito kwa masinthidwe kudzawonjezeka.

(3) Mtengo wa ma module ochaja a ev ukuwonjezeka

Gawo lochapira ndilo gawo lalikulu la mulu wa DC charging, lomwe limawerengera pafupifupi 50% ya mtengo wa zida za mulu wa charging. Kuwongolera bwino kwa charging mtsogolo kumadalira kwambiri kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a ma module ochapira. Kumbali imodzi, ma module ambiri ochapira omwe amalumikizidwa motsatana adzawonjezera mwachindunji mtengo wa gawo lochapira; kumbali ina, kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya gawo limodzi lochapira kumadalira kapangidwe kabwino ka ma hardware circuits ndi mapulogalamu owongolera komanso ukadaulo wa zigawo zazikulu. Kupambana, awa ndi ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wowongolera mphamvu ya mulu wonse wochapira, zomwe zidzawonjezeranso mtengo wa gawo lochapira.

6. Zopinga zaukadaulo mumakampani ochaja magetsi amagetsi a ev

Ukadaulo wamagetsi ndi nkhani yophatikizana yomwe imagwirizanitsa ukadaulo wa topology ya dera, ukadaulo wa digito, ukadaulo wamaginito, ukadaulo wa zigawo, ukadaulo wa semiconductor, ndi ukadaulo wopanga kutentha. Ndi makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wambiri. Monga maziko a mulu wa DC wochapira, gawo lochapira limatsimikizira mwachindunji momwe chaji imagwirira ntchito, kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mulu wa chaji, ndipo kufunika kwake ndi mtengo wake ndizabwino kwambiri. Chogulitsa chimafuna ndalama zambiri kuchokera kuzinthu ndi akatswiri kuyambira kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito kwa terminal. Momwe mungasankhire zigawo zamagetsi ndi kapangidwe kake, kukweza ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa algorithm ya mapulogalamu, kumvetsetsa bwino zochitika za ntchito, komanso kuwongolera khalidwe kokhwima komanso luso loyesa nsanja zonse zimakhudza Ubwino wa chinthu ndi kukhazikika kwake zimakhudza mwachindunji. N'zovuta kuti atsopano omwe alowa mumakampaniwa asonkhanitse ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana, antchito, ndi deta ya zochitika za ntchito munthawi yochepa, ndipo ali ndi zopinga zambiri zaukadaulo.