Chii chinonzi PnC uye ruzivo rwakabatana nezve PnC ecosystem

Chii chinonzi PnC uye ruzivo rwakabatana nezve PnC ecosystem

I. Chii chinonzi PnC? PnC:

Plug and Charge (inowanzo pfupikiswa sePnC) inopa varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi mukana wekuchaja zviri nyore. Basa rePnC rinogonesa kuchaja nekubhadharisa mota dzemagetsi nekungoisa pfuti yekuchaja muchiteshi chekuchaja chemotokari, pasina matanho ekuwedzera, makadhi chaiwo, kana kusimbiswa kwemvumo yeapp. Pamusoro pezvo, PnC inogonesa kuchaja pazviteshi zviri kunze kwenetwork yenguva dzose yemotokari, zvichipa mabhenefiti makuru kune avo vanoita nzendo refu. Kugona uku kunonyanya kufadza mumisika yakaita seEuropean Union neUnited States, uko varidzi vanowanzo shandisa mota dzavo dzemagetsi pakufamba kwezororo munyika dzakawanda nenzvimbo.

II. Mamiriro Azvino uye Ecosystem yePnC Parizvino, mashandiro ePnC anotungamirirwa zvinoenderana neISO 15118 standard anomiririra mhinduro yakachengeteka yekuchaja mushure mekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Izvi zvinoumbawo tekinoroji inotungamira uye ecosystem yemusika wekuchaja wemangwana.

Plug and Charge iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya muEurope neNorth America, nehuwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa Plug and Charge huchiramba huchiwedzera. Mishumo yeindasitiri yekunze kwenyika inoratidza kuti sezvo vagadziri vemidziyo yepakutanga vekuEurope neNorth America vachigadzira nzvimbo dzePlug and Charge uye vachibatanidza masevhisi ePlug and Charge mumotokari dzavo dzemagetsi, huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa Plug and Charge dziri mumugwagwa hwakawedzera katatu mugore ra2023, zvichiwana kukura kwe100% kubva muchikamu chechitatu kusvika muchikamu chechina. Vagadziri vemidziyo yepakutanga vakuru vanobva kuEurope, North America, neAsia vakazvipira kupa ruzivo rwakasiyana rwekuchaja kune vatengi vavo, nevaridzi vemotokari dzemagetsi vakawanda vari kutsvaga mashandiro ePnC mumotokari dzavo dzavakatenga. Huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeveruzhinji dzinoshandisa PnC hwakawedzera. Mishumo yeHubject inoratidza kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji vachishandisa mashandiro ePnC muEurope neNorth America muna 2022. Pakati pechikamu chechipiri nechikamu chechitatu, mvumo dzakabudirira dzakapetwa kaviri, nekukura uku kwakaramba kuripo muchikamu chechina chegore rimwe chete. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kana vatyairi vemotokari dzemagetsi vawana zvakanakira mashandiro ePnC, vanoisa pamberi network dzekuchaja dzinotsigira PnC kune zvavanoda zvekuchaja zveveruzhinji. Sezvo maCPO makuru achibatana nePKI, huwandu hwemanetwork ekuchaja mota dzemagetsi anotsigira PnC huri kuramba huchikura. (PKI: Public Key Infrastructure, tekinoroji yekusimbisa zvishandiso zvevashandisi munzvimbo yedhijitari, inoshanda sepuratifomu yakavakirwa pakuvimbana) Huwandu huri kuramba huchikwira hwemaCPO hwava kukwanisa kusangana nekudiwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchaja dzeruzhinji dzinogoneswa nePnC. Gore ra2022 rakaratidza gore rekuvandudza kune vanoverengeka vatori vechikamu vakuru veCPO. Europe neAmerica dzakaratidza hutungamiriri hwadzo mukuvandudza kwekuchaja kweEV nekushandisa tekinoroji yePnC mumanetwork avo. Aral, Ionity, neAllego - ese ari kushandisa network dzakakura dzekuchaja - parizvino ari kutanga uye ari kupindura masevhisi ePnC.

Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vari mumusika vachigadzira masevhisi ePnC, kushandira pamwe pakati pevane chekuita nemakambani akasiyana kwakakosha kuti pave nekuenzana uye kushanda pamwe chete. Kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe, eMobility iri kuedza kugadza mitemo nemaitiro akafanana, ichivimbisa kuti maPKI akasiyana uye ecosystems anogona kushanda pamwe chete uye panguva imwe chete kuti indasitiri ibatsirwe. Izvi zvinobatsira vatengi muma network akasiyana nevatengesi. Pakazosvika 2022, mashandisirwo mana makuru ekushanda pamwe chete akanga agadzirwa: ISO 15118-20 inopa mukana wepamusoro wevatyairi vemotokari dzemagetsi. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutaurirana kwakanaka pakati pemotokari dzemagetsi nenzvimbo dzekuchaja, PnC ecosystem inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa zvakakwana kubata ese ari maviri ISO 15118-2 uye ISO 15118-20 protocol versions. ISO 15118-2 ndiyo mwero wepasi rose uripo unodzora kutaurirana zvakananga pakati pemotokari dzemagetsi nenzvimbo dzekuchaja. Inotsanangura maitiro ekutaurirana anosanganisira zviyero zvakaita sekusimbiswa, kubhadharisa, uye mvumo.

ISO 15118-20 ndiyo yakagadziridzwa inotevera ISO 15118-2. Kushandiswa kwayo mumusika kunotarisirwa mumakore anotevera. Yakagadzirirwa kupa mashandiro akawedzerwa, akadai sekuchengetedzwa kwekutaurirana kwakawedzerwa uye kugona kwekufambisa simba munzira mbiri, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kune zviyero zveVehicle-to-Grid (V2G).

Parizvino, mhinduro dzakavakirwa paISO 15118-2 dziri kuwanikwa pasi rese, nepo mhinduro dzakavakirwa paISO 15118-20 standard itsva dzichaburitswa muhuwandu mumakore anotevera. Munguva yekuchinja, PnC ecosystem inofanirwa kukwanisa kugadzira nekushandisa plug-in uye data rekuchaja kune ese ari maviri specifications panguva imwe chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda pamwe chete. PnC inogonesa kuzivikanwa otomatiki uye mvumo yekuchaja yakachengeteka pakubatana kweEV. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandisa mvumo yePKI yeruzhinji ine TLS-encrypted, inotsigira maalgorithms emakiyi akaenzana, uye inoshandisa zvitupa zvakachengetwa mukati meEVs neEVSEs sezvakatsanangurwa neISO 15118. Mushure mekuburitswa kweISO 15118-20 standard, kushandiswa kwakapararira kunotora nguva. Zvisinei, makambani makuru emagetsi matsva emuno ari kuwedzera mhiri kwemakungwa atotanga kushandiswa zvine hungwaru. Kushanda kwePnC kunoita kuti ruzivo rwekuchaja ruve nyore, zvichiita kuti maitiro akadai sekubhadhara makadhi echikwereti, kuskena maQR codes kuburikidza nemaapplication, kana kuvimba nemakadhi eRFID asingashandiswe zviri nyore.