Kodi PnC ndi chiyani komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe cha PnC

Kodi PnC ndi chiyani komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe cha PnC

I. Kodi PnC ndi chiyani? PnC:

Kuyika ndi Kuchaja (komwe nthawi zambiri kumafupikitsidwa kuti PnC) kumapatsa eni magalimoto amagetsi mwayi wosavuta wochaja. Ntchito ya PnC imalola kuti magalimoto amagetsi azichaja ndi kulipidwa pongoyika mfuti yochaja m'malo ochaja a galimotoyo, osafunikira masitepe ena, makadi enieni, kapena kutsimikizira chilolezo cha pulogalamu. Kuphatikiza apo, PnC imalola kuti magalimoto azichaja m'malo omwe ali kunja kwa netiweki yanthawi zonse ya galimotoyo, zomwe zimapereka zabwino zazikulu kwa iwo omwe akuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Mphamvu imeneyi imakopa kwambiri m'misika monga European Union ndi United States, komwe eni ake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magalimoto awo amagetsi paulendo watchuthi m'maiko ndi madera ambiri.

II. Mkhalidwe ndi Zachilengedwe za PnC Pakadali pano, magwiridwe antchito a PnC omwe amayendetsedwa motsatira muyezo wa ISO 15118 akuyimira njira yotetezeka kwambiri yolipirira magalimoto amagetsi pambuyo poti magalimoto amagetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Imapanganso ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso chilengedwe cha msika wolipirira mtsogolo.

Pakadali pano, Plug and Charge ikuyendetsedwa bwino kwambiri ku Europe ndi North America, ndipo chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi Plug and Charge chikukwera pang'onopang'ono. Malipoti amakampani akumayiko ena akuwonetsa kuti pamene opanga zida zoyambirira aku Europe ndi North America akukhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera Plug and Charge ndikuyika ntchito za Plug and Charge m'magalimoto awo amagetsi, chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi okhala ndi Plug and Charge pamsewu chawonjezeka katatu mu 2023, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kukula kwa 100% kuyambira kotala lachitatu mpaka kotala lachinayi. Opanga zida zoyambirira ochokera ku Europe, North America, ndi Asia adzipereka kupereka chidziwitso chapadera cholipirira makasitomala awo, ndi eni magalimoto amagetsi ambiri omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito PnC m'magalimoto awo omwe agula. Chiwerengero cha malo olipirira anthu onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PnC chakwera. Malipoti a Hubject akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa magawo olipirira anthu onse pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya PnC ku Europe ndi North America mu 2022. Pakati pa kotala lachiwiri ndi kotala lachitatu, zilolezo zopambana zawonjezeka kawiri, ndipo chiwonjezekochi chikupitilira mu kotala lachinayi la chaka chomwecho. Izi zikusonyeza kuti oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi akangozindikira ubwino wa ntchito ya PnC, amaika patsogolo maukonde olipirira PnC pazosowa zawo zolipirira anthu onse. Pamene ma CPO akuluakulu alowa nawo PKI, chiwerengero cha ma network ochapira magalimoto amagetsi omwe amathandizira PnC chikupitirira kukula. (PKI: Public Key Infrastructure, ukadaulo wotsimikizira zida za ogwiritsa ntchito mu gawo la digito, womwe umagwira ntchito ngati nsanja yodalirana) Chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha ma CPO tsopano chikutha kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwa malo ochapira anthu onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PnC. Chaka cha 2022 chinali chaka cha zatsopano kwa ophunzira angapo akuluakulu a CPO. Europe ndi America awonetsa utsogoleri wawo muukadaulo wochapira magalimoto a EV pokhazikitsa ukadaulo wa PnC m'ma network awo. Aral, Ionity, ndi Allego - onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma network ochapira magalimoto ambiri - pakadali pano akuyambitsa ndikuyankha ntchito za PnC.

Pamene anthu ambiri omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika akupanga ntchito za PnC, mgwirizano pakati pa omwe akutenga nawo mbali osiyanasiyana ndi wofunikira kuti pakhale kukhazikika ndi mgwirizano. Kudzera mu mgwirizano, eMobility ikuyesetsa kukhazikitsa miyezo ndi ma protocol ofanana, kuonetsetsa kuti ma PKI osiyanasiyana ndi zachilengedwe zitha kugwira ntchito limodzi komanso mogwirizana kuti zithandize makampaniwa. Izi zimapindulitsa ogula m'maukonde osiyanasiyana ndi ogulitsa. Pofika chaka cha 2022, njira zinayi zazikulu zogwirira ntchito limodzi zinali zitakhazikitsidwa: ISO 15118-20 imapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi. Kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana kosasunthika pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi ndi malo ochapira, chilengedwe cha PnC chiyenera kukhala chokonzeka mokwanira kuthana ndi mitundu yonse ya protocol ya ISO 15118-2 ndi ISO 15118-20. ISO 15118-2 ndiye muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe umayang'anira kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi ndi malo ochapira. Imafotokoza ma protocol olumikizirana omwe akuphatikizapo miyezo monga kutsimikizira, kulipira, ndi kuvomereza.

ISO 15118-20 ndiye muyezo wosinthidwa wotsatira ISO 15118-2. Kukhazikitsidwa kwake pamsika kukuyembekezeredwa m'zaka zikubwerazi. Yapangidwa kuti ipereke magwiridwe antchito owonjezereka, monga chitetezo chowonjezera cha kulumikizana ndi mphamvu zotumizira mphamvu mbali zonse ziwiri, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa miyezo ya Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G).

Pakadali pano, mayankho ozikidwa pa ISO 15118-2 akupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe mayankho ozikidwa pa muyezo watsopano wa ISO 15118-20 adzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zikubwerazi. Munthawi yosintha, dongosolo la PnC liyenera kukhala lotha kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito deta yolumikizira ndi yoyatsira pazinthu zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana. PnC imalola kuzindikira kokhazikika komanso chilolezo choyatsira pakalumikizidwa kwa EV. Ukadaulo uwu umagwiritsa ntchito chilolezo cha zomangamanga za PKI zobisika za TLS, umathandizira ma algorithms achinsinsi osafanana, ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito ziphaso zosungidwa mkati mwa ma EV ndi ma EVSE monga momwe ISO 15118 imafotokozera. Pambuyo potulutsa muyezo wa ISO 15118-20, kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kudzatenga nthawi. Komabe, makampani opanga mphamvu zatsopano akumayiko ena ayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono. Ntchito ya PnC imapangitsa kuti ntchito yoyatsira ikhale yosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira monga kulipira makhadi a ngongole, kusanthula ma QR code kudzera mu mapulogalamu, kapena kudalira makadi a RFID omwe amatayika mosavuta.