He aha te PnC me ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te pūnaha rauropi PnC

He aha te PnC me ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te pūnaha rauropi PnC

I. He aha te PnC? PnC:

Mā te Plug and Charge (e whakarapopototia ana ko PnC) ka māmā ake te utu i ngā waka hiko. Mā te mahi PnC ka taea te utu me te nama mō ngā waka hiko mā te whakauru noa i te pū utu ki te tauranga utu o te waka, kāore e hiahiatia he mahi tāpiri, he kāri tinana, he manatoko whakamanatanga taupānga rānei. Hei tāpiri, mā te PnC ka taea te utu i ngā teihana i waho o te whatunga noa o te waka, ka tukuna he painga nui mō te hunga e haere ana i ngā haerenga tawhiti. He tino ātaahua tēnei āheinga i ngā mākete pērā i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika, e whakamahi pinepine ana ngā rangatira i ā rātou waka hiko mō ngā haerenga hararei puta noa i ngā whenua me ngā rohe maha.

II. Te Tūnga o Nāianei me te Pūnaha Āhuatanga o te PnC I tēnei wā, ko te mahi PnC e whakahaeretia ana i runga anō i te paerewa ISO 15118 te otinga utu haumaru whai muri i te whānui o te whakamahinga o ngā waka hiko. Koinei anō hoki te hangarau me te pūnaha ā-mua mō te mākete utu ā-muri.

Kei te whakamahia whānuitia a Plug and Charge i Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki i tēnei wā, ā, kei te piki haere tonu te maha o ngā waka hiko e āhei ana ki te Plug and Charge. E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo ahumahi o tāwāhi, i te mea he nui ake ngā kaihanga taputapu taketake nui o Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki e whakatū ana i ngā pūnaha Plug and Charge me te whakauru i ngā ratonga Plug and Charge ki roto i ā rātou waka hiko, kua toru te maha o ngā waka hiko e wātea ana ki te Plug and Charge i runga i te rori puta noa i te tau 2023, ā, kua eke ki te 100% te tipu mai i te Hauwhā 3 ki te Hauwhā 4. Kei te whakapau kaha ngā kaihanga taputapu taketake nui mai i Ūropi, Amerika Te Raki, me Āhia ki te whakarato i tētahi wheako utu tino pai mō ā rātou kiritaki, me te nui ake o ngā kaipupuri waka hiko e rapu ana i te mahi PnC i roto i ā rātou waka kua hokona. Kua piki ake te maha o ngā pūwāhi utu tūmatanui e whakamahi ana i te PnC. E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo Hubject i te pikinga ake o ngā wā utu tūmatanui e whakamahi ana i te mahi PnC puta noa i Ūropi me Amerika Te Raki i te tau 2022. I waenganui i te Hauwhā 2 me te Hauwhā 3, kua rua te maha o ngā whakamanatanga angitu, ā, i mau tonu tēnei tere tipu puta noa i te Hauwhā 4 o taua tau anō. E tohu ana tēnei ina kitea e ngā taraiwa waka hiko ngā painga o te mahi PnC, ka whakatairangahia e rātou ngā whatunga utu e tautoko ana i te PnC mō ā rātou hiahia utu tūmatanui. I te urunga mai o ngā kamupene utu hiko nui ki te PKI, kei te piki haere tonu te maha o ngā whatunga utu waka hiko e tautoko ana i te PnC. (PKI: Hanganga Kī Tūmatanui, he hangarau hei manatoko i ngā taputapu kaiwhakamahi i te ao matihiko, e mahi ana hei tūāpapa whakawhirinaki) Kei te piki haere te maha o ngā kamupene utu hiko e taea ana te whakatutuki i te hiahia mō ngā pūwāhi utu tūmatanui e whakahohea ana e te PnC. Ko te tau 2022 te tau o te auahatanga mō ētahi kaiuru nui o te CPO. Kua whakaatu a Ūropi me Amerika i tō rātou kaiārahi i roto i te auahatanga utu hiko EV mā te whakatinana i te hangarau PnC puta noa i ā rātou whatunga. Ko Aral, Ionity, me Allego – e whakahaere ana i ngā whatunga utu whānui – kei te whakarewa me te whakautu ki ngā ratonga PnC i tēnei wā.

I te mea he maha ngā kaiuru mākete e whakawhanake ana i ngā ratonga PnC, he mea nui te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kaipupuri moni rerekē kia tutuki ai te paerewa me te mahi tahi. Mā te mahi tahi, kei te whai a eMobility ki te whakatū i ngā paerewa me ngā kawa noa, kia taea ai e ngā PKI me ngā pūnaha rauropi rerekē te mahi tahi me te mahi tahi i te wā kotahi hei painga mō te umanga. Ka whai hua tēnei ki ngā kaihoko puta noa i ngā whatunga me ngā kaiwhakarato rerekē. I te tau 2022, e whā ngā whakatinanatanga matua o te mahi tahi kua whakatūria: Ka whakaratohia e te ISO 15118-20 te ngāwari mō ngā taraiwa waka hiko. Hei whakarite i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai i waenga i ngā waka hiko me ngā teihana utu, me tino rite te pūnaha PnC ki te whakahaere i ngā putanga kawa ISO 15118-2 me te ISO 15118-20. Ko te ISO 15118-2 te paerewa o te ao e whakahaere ana i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika i waenga i ngā waka hiko me ngā teihana utu. Ka tohua e ia ngā kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e kapi ana i ngā paerewa pēnei i te manatoko, te nama, me te whakamanatanga.

Ko te ISO 15118-20 te paerewa whakahōu mō te ISO 15118-2. E matapaetia ana ka whakatinanahia ki te mākete i roto i ngā tau e haere ake nei. Kua hangaia hei whakarato i tētahi huinga mahi whānui ake, pērā i te haumarutanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whakarei ake me ngā āheinga whakawhiti hiko e rua-ara, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā paerewa Waka-ki-Whatunga (V2G).

I tēnei wā, kei te wātea arumoni puta noa i te ao ngā otinga e ahu mai ana i te ISO 15118-2, ko ngā otinga e ahu mai ana i te paerewa hou ISO 15118-20 ka tukuna whānuitia i roto i ngā tau e haere ake nei. I roto i te wā whakawhiti, me kaha te pūnaha PnC ki te waihanga me te whakamahi i ngā raraunga mono-mai me te utu mō ngā whakaritenga e rua i te wā kotahi kia pai ai te mahi tahi. Ka taea e PnC te tautuhi aunoa me te whakamana utu haumaru i runga i te hononga EV. Ka whakamahia e tēnei hangarau te whakamanatanga hanganga kī tūmatanui PKI kua whakamunatia e te TLS, ka tautoko i ngā rauropi kī kore taurite, ā, ka whakamahia ngā tiwhikete kua rongoatia i roto i ngā EV me ngā EVSE e ai ki te ISO 15118. Whai muri i te tukunga o te paerewa ISO 15118-20, ka roa te wā e whakamahia whānuitia ai. Heoi, kua tīmata kē ngā umanga hiko hou o te rohe e horapa ana ki tāwāhi ki te whakatinanatanga rautaki. Ka whakangawari ake te mahi PnC i te wheako utu, ka waiho ngā mahi pēnei i te utu kāri nama, te matawai i ngā waehere QR mā ngā tono, te whakawhirinaki rānei ki ngā kāri RFID e ngaro ngāwari ana.