PnC ni iki n'amakuru ajyanye nayo yerekeye urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bya PnC?

PnC ni iki n'amakuru ajyanye nayo yerekeye urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bya PnC?

I. PnC ni iki? PnC:

Plug and Charge (ikunze kuvugwa mu magambo ahinnye nka PnC) itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Uburyo bwa PnC butuma umuntu abasharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no kuzishyuza binyuze mu gushyira imbunda yo kuzishyuza mu mwanya w’imodoka, nta ntambwe zindi zisabwa, amakarita akoreshwa, cyangwa kwemeza uburenganzira bwa porogaramu. Byongeye kandi, PnC ituma umuntu abasharija imodoka ku biro bitari umuyoboro usanzwe w’imodoka, bitanga inyungu zikomeye ku bakora ingendo ndende. Ubu bushobozi bugaragarira cyane cyane ku masoko nka Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho ba nyirayo bakoresha imodoka zabo zikoresha amashanyarazi mu ngendo zo mu biruhuko mu bihugu byinshi n’uturere.

II. Imiterere n'ibidukikije bya PnC Muri iki gihe, imikorere ya PnC icungwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO 15118 ni igisubizo cy’umutekano muke cyo gushyushya nyuma yo gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ni nacyo kigize ikoranabuhanga rikomeye n'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ku isoko ryo gushyushya mu gihe kizaza.

Plug and Charge iri gukoreshwa cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru, aho umubare w'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha Plug and Charge wiyongera buhoro buhoro. Raporo z'inganda zo mu mahanga zigaragaza ko uko inganda nini z'ibikoresho by'umwimerere zo mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru zishyiraho ibidukikije bya Plug and Charge kandi zigashyira serivisi za Plug and Charge mu modoka zazo zikoresha amashanyarazi, umubare w'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha Plug and Charge mu muhanda wikubye gatatu mu mwaka wa 2023, bigeza ku ntambwe y'iterambere rya 100% kuva mu gihembwe cya gatatu kugeza mu gihembwe cya kane. Inganda zikomeye zikora ibikoresho by'umwimerere zo mu Burayi, muri Amerika ya Ruguru, na Aziya ziyemeje gutanga uburambe budasanzwe bwo gushyushya abakiriya bazo, aho ba nyir'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi benshi bashaka imikorere ya PnC mu modoka zabo baguze. Umubare w'ahantu ho gushyushya rusange hakoreshejwe PnC wariyongereye. Raporo za Hubject zigaragaza ko ubwiyongere bw'ibikorwa byo gushyushya rusange hakoreshejwe imikorere ya PnC mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru mu 2022. Hagati y'igihembwe cya kabiri n'icya gatatu, uburenganzira bwagenze neza bwikubye kabiri, hamwe n'iki gipimo cy'ubwiyongere bukomeje mu gihembwe cya kane cy'umwaka umwe. Ibi bigaragaza ko abashoferi b'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bamaze kuvumbura ibyiza by'imikorere ya PnC, bashyira imbere imiyoboro yo gushyushya ishyigikira PnC mu byo bakeneye mu rwego rwo gushyushya rusange. Uko CPO zikomeye zinjira muri PKI, umubare w’imiyoboro yo gushyushya imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ishyigikira PnC ukomeje kwiyongera. (PKI: Public Key Infrastructure, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga, rikora nk'urubuga rushingiye ku kwizerana) Umubare w’imiyoboro yo gushyushya ukomeje kwiyongera ubu ushobora guhaza icyifuzo cy’ahantu ho gushyushya abantu hakoreshejwe PnC. 2022 ni umwaka w’udushya ku bitabiriye CPO benshi bakomeye. Uburayi na Amerika byagaragaje ko ari abayobozi mu guhanga udushya mu gushyushya abantu hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya PnC binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa ikoranabuhanga rya PnC mu miyoboro yabo. Aral, Ionity, na Allego - zose zikora imiyoboro minini yo gushyushya - ubu ziri gutangiza kandi zisubiza serivisi za PnC.

Mu gihe abantu benshi bitabiriye isoko bateza imbere serivisi za PnC, ubufatanye hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku bufatanye n’imikoranire. Binyuze mu bufatanye, eMobility iri kwihatira gushyiraho amahame n’amabwiriza ahuriweho, igenzura ko PKI zitandukanye n’ibidukikije bishobora gukorana kandi icyarimwe ku bw’inyungu z’inganda. Ibi bigirira akamaro abaguzi mu miyoboro itandukanye n’abatanga serivisi. Mu 2022, hari hamaze gushyirwaho uburyo bune bw’ibanze bwo gukorana: ISO 15118-20 itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo koroshya abashoferi b’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo habeho itumanaho ryiza hagati y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n’ibigo bitanga amashanyarazi, imikorere ya PnC igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byose byo gucunga verisiyo za protocole za ISO 15118-2 na ISO 15118-20. ISO 15118-2 niyo ngenderwaho ku isi yose igenga itumanaho ritaziguye hagati y’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n’ibigo bitanga amashanyarazi. Igaragaza amabwiriza y’itumanaho akubiyemo amahame nko kwemeza, kwishyuza, no kwemerera.

ISO 15118-20 ni yo ngingo ivuguruye izasimbura ISO 15118-2. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ku isoko riteganijwe mu myaka iri imbere. Yagenewe gutanga imikorere yagutse, nko kunoza umutekano w'itumanaho no kohereza ingufu mu cyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri, ishobora gukoreshwa ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'imodoka kuva kuri gridi (V2G).

Ubu, ibisubizo bishingiye kuri ISO 15118-2 biraboneka ku isoko ku isi yose, mu gihe ibisubizo bishingiye ku gipimo gishya cya ISO 15118-20 bizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu myaka iri imbere. Mu gihe cy'inzibacyuho, ikoranabuhanga rya PnC rigomba kuba rishoboye gukora no gukoresha amakuru yo gushora no gushyushya kuri buri kimwe kugira ngo ribeho gukorana neza. PnC yemerera kwigaragaza no gushyushya mu buryo bwikora igihe cyose habayeho guhuza amashanyarazi. Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha uburenganzira bwo gushyira mu bikorwa imfunguzo rusange za PKI, rishyigikira uburyo bw'imfunguzo butaringaniye, kandi rigakoresha ibyemezo bibitswe muri EV na EVSE nk'uko bisobanurwa na ISO 15118. Nyuma yo gusohora igipimo cya ISO 15118-20, kwemezwa kwagutse bizatwara igihe. Ariko, ibigo bikomeye by'ingufu nshya byo mu gihugu byaguka mu mahanga byatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bw'ingamba. Imikorere ya PnC yoroshya uburyo bwo gushyushya, bigatuma ibikorwa nko kwishyura amakarita y'inguzanyo, gushakisha kode za QR binyuze muri porogaramu, cyangwa kwishingikiriza ku makarita ya RFID yoroshye kubura ubusa.