Iyini i-PnC nolwazi oluhlobene mayelana ne-PnC ecosystem

Iyini i-PnC nolwazi oluhlobene mayelana ne-PnC ecosystem

I. Yini i-PnC? I-PnC:

I-Plug and Charge (evame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi i-PnC) inikeza abanikazi bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ukuzizwisa ukushaja okulula kakhulu. Umsebenzi we-PnC uvumela ukushaja nokukhokhiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ngokumane ufake isibhamu sokushaja endaweni yokushaja yemoto, okungadingi izinyathelo ezengeziwe, amakhadi aphathekayo, noma ukuqinisekiswa kokugunyazwa kohlelo lokusebenza. Ukwengeza, i-PnC inika amandla ukushaja eziteshini ezingaphandle kwenethiwekhi evamile yemoto, enikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kulabo abenza uhambo olude. Leli khono libonakala likhanga ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezifana ne-European Union ne-United States, lapho abanikazi bevame ukusebenzisa izimoto zabo zikagesi uma behamba ngamaholide benqamula amazwe nezifunda eziningi.

II. Isimo Samanje Ne-Ecosystem ye-PnC Okwamanje, ukusebenza kwe-PnC okuphethwe ngokuvumelana nezinga le-ISO 15118 kumelela isixazululo sokushaja esiphephe kunazo zonke ngemva kokwamukelwa kabanzi kwezimoto zikagesi. Futhi yakha ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili kanye ne-ecosystem yemakethe yokushaja yesikhathi esizayo.

I-Plug and Charge okwamanje isamukelwa njengenjwayelo e-Europe naseNyakatho Melika, nenani lezimoto zikagesi ezisebenza nge-Plug and Charge likhula kancane kancane. Imibiko yemboni yaphesheya ikhombisa ukuthi njengoba abakhiqizi bemishini yoqobo base-Europe nabaseNyakatho Melika besungula i-Plug and Charge ecosystems futhi bahlanganise izinsiza ze-Plug and Charge ezimotweni zabo zikagesi, inani lezimoto zikagesi ezifakwe i-Plug and Charge emgwaqeni liphindeke kathathu ngo-2023, bafinyelela ingqopha-mlando yokukhula engu-100% ukusuka ku-Q3 kuya ku-Q4. Abakhiqizi abakhulu bemishini yoqobo abavela e-Europe, eNyakatho Melika, nase-Asia bazinikele ekuletheni isipiliyoni sokushaja kumakhasimende abo, njengoba kunabanikazi bezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi abaningi abafuna ukusebenza kwe-PnC ezimotweni zabo ezithengiwe. Inani lezindawo zokushaja zomphakathi kusetshenziswa i-PnC selinyukile. Imibiko ye-Hubject ibonisa ukukhuphuka kwezikhathi zokushaja zomphakathi kusetshenziswa ukusebenza kwe-PnC kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ngo-2022. Phakathi kwe-Q2 ne-Q3, ukugunyazwa okuyimpumelelo kuphindeke kabili, ngaleli zinga lokukhula liqiniswe kuyo yonke i-Q4 yonyaka ofanayo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi uma abashayeli bezimoto zikagesi bethola izinzuzo zokusebenza kwe-PnC, babeka phambili amanethiwekhi okushaja asekela i-PnC ngezidingo zabo zokushaja zomphakathi. Njengoba ama-CPO amakhulu ejoyina i-PKI, inani lamanethiwekhi okushaja izimoto zikagesi asekela i-PnC liyaqhubeka nokukhula. (I-PKI: Ingqalasizinda Ebalulekile Yomphakathi, ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisekisa amadivayisi omsebenzisi endaweni yedijithali, esebenza njengenkundla esekelwe ukwethenjwa) Inani elikhulayo lama-CPO manje selikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samaphoyinti okushaja omphakathi anikwe amandla i-PnC. U-2022 umake unyaka wokuqanjwa kabusha kubahlanganyeli abambalwa abakhulu be-CPO. I-Europe neMelika bakhombise ubuholi babo ekushajeni okusha kwe-EV ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-PnC kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi abo. I-Aral, i-Ionity, ne-Allego - wonke amanethiwekhi okushaja abanzi - okwamanje yethula futhi isabela kumasevisi we-PnC.

Njengoba abahlanganyeli bemakethe abaningi bathuthukisa izinsizakalo ze-PnC, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza abahlukene kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukulinganiswa nokusebenzisana. Ngokubambisana, i-eMobility ilwela ukusungula izindinganiso nezimiso ezifanayo, iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-PKI ahlukene kanye nesimiso semvelo singasebenza ndawonye futhi ngokufana ukuze kuzuze imboni. Lokhu kuzuzisa abathengi kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi ahlukene nabahlinzeki. Ngo-2022, sekusungulwe ukusetshenziswa okune okuyisisekelo kokusebenzisana: I-ISO 15118-20 inikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwabashayeli bezimoto zikagesi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungenazihibe phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi neziteshi zokushaja, i-PnC ecosystem kufanele ihlonyiswe ngokugcwele ukuze isingathe kokubili izinguqulo zephrothokholi ye-ISO 15118-2 ne-ISO 15118-20. I-ISO 15118-2 iyindinganiso yamanje yomhlaba wonke elawula ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwezimoto zikagesi neziteshi zokushaja. Icacisa izimiso zokuxhumana ezihlanganisa amazinga afana nokuqinisekisa, ukukhokha, nokugunyazwa.

I-ISO 15118-20 iyindinganiso ebuyekeziwe yomlandeli ku-ISO 15118-2. Ukuqaliswa kwayo emakethe kulindeleke phakathi neminyaka ezayo. Idizayinelwe ukuhlinzeka ngesethi enwetshiwe yemisebenzi, njengokuvikeleka kokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe namandla okudlulisa amandla aqondiswa kabili, angasetshenziswa kumazinga e-Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G).

Njengamanje, izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-ISO 15118-2 zitholakala ngokwentengiso emhlabeni wonke, kuyilapho izixazululo ezisekelwe ezingeni elisha le-ISO 15118-20 zizokwethulwa ngevolumu eminyakeni ezayo. Phakathi nenkathi yenguquko, i-PnC ecosystem kufanele ikwazi ukudala nokusebenzisa i-plug-in nokushaja idatha yakho kokubili okucacisiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenzisana. I-PnC inika amandla ukuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo okuvikelekile nokugunyazwa kokushaja ekuxhumekeni kwe-EV. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa ukugunyazwa kwengqalasizinda yomphakathi ye-TLS-encrypted PKI, isekela ama-algorithms wokhiye we-asymmetric, futhi isebenzisa izitifiketi ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kwama-EVs nama-EVSE njengoba kuchazwe yi-ISO 15118. Ngemva kokukhishwa kwezinga le-ISO 15118-20, ukutholwa okusabalele kuzodinga isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi amasha asekhaya ahamba phambili akhula phesheya kwezilwandle aseqalile ukuthunyelwa ngamasu. Ukusebenza kwe-PnC kwenza kube lula ukushaja, izinqubo zokunikeza ezifana nezinkokhelo zekhadi lesikweletu, ukuskena amakhodi e-QR ngezinhlelo zokusebenza, noma ukuthembela emakhadini e-RFID alahleka kalula aphelelwe yisikhathi.