Ungayithola Kanjani Ikhebula Lokushaja Le-EV Elifanele?

Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) ziya ngokuya zithandwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV. Kusukela kumashaja e-Level 1 asebenzisa i-outlet ejwayelekile yama-volt angu-120 kuya kumashaja e-DC Fast anganikeza ukushaja okugcwele ngaphansi kwehora, kunezinketho ezahlukene zokushaja ezifanela izidingo zakho. Kulesi sihloko sebhulogi, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwawo.

Amashaja Ezinga 1

Amashaja e-Level 1 uhlobo oluyisisekelo kakhulu lweshaja yemoto kagesi etholakalayo. Asebenzisa i-outlet ejwayelekile yama-volt angu-120, efana naleyo ongayithola kunoma yiliphi ikhaya, ukushaja ibhethri lemoto yakho kagesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngezinye izikhathi abantu bawabiza ngokuthi “amashaja asheshayo” ngoba anikeza ukushaja okuhamba kancane nokuzinzile.

Amashaja e-Level 1 avame ukushaja ibhethri lemoto isikhathi eside kunamashaja asezingeni eliphezulu. Ishaja ye-level 1, njenge-Nissan Leaf, ingathatha amahora angaba ngu-8 kuya kwangu-12 ukushaja imoto kagesi ejwayelekile ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokushaja siyahlukahluka kuye ngomthamo webhethri lemoto kanye nezinga layo lokushaja elisele. Amashaja e-Level 1 afanela izimoto zikagesi ezinamabhethri amancane noma ibanga lokushayela elihamba kancane nsuku zonke.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamashaja e-Level 1 ukuthi alula. Kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi awadingi ukufakwa okukhethekile. Umane uwafake endaweni yokuxhuma ejwayelekile bese ufaka ikhebula lokushaja emotweni yakho. Futhi ashibhile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zokushaja.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamashaja e-Level 1

Njenganoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe, amashaja e-Level 1 anezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokusebenzisa ishaja ye-Level 1:

Izinzuzo:

Kulula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Akubizi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho zokushaja.

Akukho ukufakwa okukhethekile okudingekayo.

Ingasetshenziswa nanoma iyiphi i-outlet ejwayelekile.

Ububi:

Isikhathi sokushaja esihamba kancane.

Umthamo webhethri olinganiselwe.

Kungase kungafaneleki ezimotweni zikagesi ezinamabhethri amakhulu noma ezikude.

Kungase kungahambisani nazo zonke izimoto zikagesi.

Izibonelo zamashaja e-Level 1

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokushaja zezinga 1 ezitholakala emakethe. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile:

1. Ishaja ye-EV yeLectron Level 1:

Ishaja ye-Level 1 EV kaLectron inekhono lokushaja elingu-12-amp. Le shaja ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya noma usohambeni. Ungayigcina ngisho nasebhuthini lakho bese uyixhuma noma nini lapho uthola indawo yokuphuma, okwenza kube inketho eguquguqukayo nephathekayo.

2. Ishaja ye-AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV:

Ishaja ye-AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV ingenye ishaja ephathekayo exhunywe ku-outlet ejwayelekile yama-volt angu-120. Inikeza amandla okushaja afinyelela kuma-amps angu-12 futhi ingashaja imoto kagesi ngokushesha okuphindwe kathathu kuneshaja ejwayelekile yeLevel 1.

3. Ishaja ye-Bosch Level 1 EV: 

I-Bosch Level 1 EV Charger iyishaja encane, elula exhuma ku-outlet ejwayelekile yama-volt angu-120. Inikeza amandla okushaja afinyelela kuma-amps angu-12 futhi ingashaja ngokugcwele izimoto eziningi zikagesi ubusuku bonke.

Amashaja Ezinga 2

Amashaja e-Level 2 anganikeza ukushaja okusheshayo kuneshaja ye-Level 1. Ngokuvamile afakwa ezindaweni zokuhlala noma zebhizinisi futhi ayakwazi ukuletha isivinini sokushaja esifinyelela kumamayela angu-25 ngehora. Lawa mashaja adinga i-outlet engu-240-volt, efana nohlobo lwe-outlet esetshenziswa ezintweni ezinkulu ezifana nemishini yokomisa kagesi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamashaja e-Level 2 ukuthi ayakwazi ukushaja i-EV ngokushesha kuneshaja ze-Level 1. Lokhu kubenza babe inketho engcono kubashayeli be-EV abadinga ukushaja izimoto zabo kaningi noma babe nohambo olude nsuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amashaja e-Level 2 avame ukuba nezici ezengeziwe, njengokuxhumeka kwe-WiFi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone, ezinganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nenqubo yokushaja.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamashaja e-Level 2

Nazi ezinye izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwamashaja e-Level 2:

Izinzuzo:

Izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo: Amashaja e-Level 2 angashaja i-EV ngokushesha okuphindwe kahlanu kuneshaja ze-Level 1.

Isebenza kahle kakhulu: Amashaja eLevel 2 asebenza kahle kakhulu kuneshaja zeLevel 1, okusho ukuthi inqubo yokushaja ingachitha amandla amancane.

Kungcono ukuhamba ibanga elide: Amashaja e-Level 2 afaneleka kakhulu ukuhamba ibanga elide ngoba ashaja ngokushesha.

Itholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhipha amandla: Amashaja e-Level 2 atholakala ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhipha amandla, kusukela kuma-amps angu-16 kuya kuma-amps angu-80, okwenza afaneleke ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimoto zikagesi.

Ububi:

Izindleko zokufaka: Amashaja e-Level 2 adinga umthombo wamandla angu-240-volt, okungadinga umsebenzi kagesi owengeziwe futhi kungandisa izindleko zokufaka.

Akufaneleki kuzo zonke izimoto zikagesi: Ezinye izimoto zikagesi zingase zingahambisani namashaja e-Level 2 ngenxa yamakhono azo okushaja.

Ukutholakala: Amashaja e-Level 2 angase angabi maningi njengamashaja e-Level 1, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Izibonelo zamashaja eZinga lesi-2

1. Iqembu Lekhebula le-MIDA:

Ngochungechunge lwayo oluhamba phambili lweshaja ye-EV, i-Mida yenze intuthuko enkulu emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Lolu chungechunge luhlanganisa amamodeli amaningi aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zokushaja zabanikazi be-EV. Isibonelo, amamodeli e-BASIC kanye ne-APP alungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Amamodeli e-RFID (ukukhokhisa) kanye ne-OCPP ayatholakala ngezinjongo zezentengiselwano ezifana nokukhokhelwa ukuze upake.

2. I-ChargePoint Home Flex:

Le shaja ye-Level 2 ehlakaniphile, enikwe amandla yi-WiFi ingaletha amandla afinyelela kuma-amps angu-50 futhi ishaje i-EV ngokushesha okuphindwe kasithupha kuneshaja ejwayelekile ye-Level 1. Inomklamo omuhle, omncane futhi ingafakwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

3. I-JuiceBox Pro 40:

Le shaja ye-Level 2 enamandla aphezulu ingaletha amandla afinyelela kuma-amps angu-40 futhi ishaje i-EV emahoreni angu-2-3. Isebenza nge-WiFi futhi ingalawulwa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela inqubekela phambili yokushaja nokulungisa izilungiselelo kude.

Amashaja Asheshayo e-DC

Amashaja e-Dc Fast, noma amashaja e-Level 3, ayindlela yokushaja esheshayo yezimoto zikagesi. Lawa mashaja anikeza amazinga aphezulu amandla okushaja ibhethri le-EV ngokushesha. Amashaja e-DC Fast avame ukutholakala emigwaqweni emikhulu noma ezindaweni zomphakathi futhi angashaja i-EV ngokushesha. Ngokungafani namashaja e-Level 1 kanye ne-Level 2, asebenzisa amandla e-AC, amashaja e-DC Fast asebenzisa amandla e-DC ukushaja ibhethri ngqo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokushaja i-DC Fast isebenza kahle futhi ishesha kakhulu kuneshaja zeLevel 1 kanye nezeLevel 2. Amandla okukhipha amashaja e-DC Fast ayahlukahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile anganikeza ukushaja okungamamayela angu-60-80 ngemizuzu engama-20-30 kuphela. Amanye amashaja e-DC Fast anganikeza amandla afinyelela ku-350kW, ashaje i-EV ibe ngu-80% ngemizuzu eyi-15-20 kuphela.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwama-DC Fast charger

Nakuba kunezinzuzo eziningana zokusebenzisa amashaja e-DC, kunezinye izinkinga okufanele uzicabangele:

Izinzuzo:

Inketho yokushaja esheshayo yama-EV.

Kulula ukuhamba ibanga elide.

Amanye amashaja e-DC Fast anikeza amandla aphezulu okukhipha, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja.

Ububi:

Kubiza kakhulu ukufaka nokunakekela.

Ayitholakali kabanzi njengeshaja zeLevel 1 kanye nezeLevel 2.

Amanye ama-EV amadala angase angahambisani namashaja e-DC Fast.

Ukushaja ngamazinga aphezulu wamandla kungabangela ukuwohloka kwebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izibonelo zamashaja e-DC Fast

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zamashaja e-DC Fast atholakala emakethe. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

1. I-Tesla Supercharger:

Lena ishaja esheshayo ye-DC eyenzelwe ngqo izimoto zikagesi zeTesla. Ingashaja iModel S, iModel X, noma iModel 3 kuya ku-80% cishe ngemizuzu engama-30, inikeza ibanga elingafika kumamayela angu-170. Inethiwekhi ye-Supercharger iyatholakala emhlabeni wonke.

2. Ishaja esheshayo ye-EVgo:

Le shaja esheshayo ye-DC yenzelwe izindawo zezentengiselwano nezomphakathi futhi ingashaja izimoto eziningi zikagesi ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30. Isekela amazinga okushaja e-CHAdeMO kanye ne-CCS futhi inikeza amandla afinyelela ku-100 kW.

3. Ishaja esheshayo ye-ABB Terra DC:

Le shaja yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kanye nokwangasese futhi isekela amazinga okushaja e-CHAdeMO kanye ne-CCS. Ihlinzeka ngamandla afinyelela ku-50 kW futhi ingashaja izimoto eziningi zikagesi ngaphansi kwehora.

Amashaja angenantambo

Amashaja angenantambo, noma amashaja okungenisa, ayindlela elula yokushaja imoto yakho kagesi ngaphandle kokuhlupheka kwezintambo. Amashaja angenantambo asebenzisa insimu yamagnetic ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwephedi yokushaja nebhethri le-EV. Iphedi yokushaja ivame ukufakwa egaraji noma endaweni yokupaka, kuyilapho i-EV inekhoyili yokwamukela efakwe ngaphansi. Uma lokhu kokubili kuseduze, insimu yamagnetic ibangela ugesi ku-coil yokwamukela, eshaja ibhethri.

Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Beshaja Ezingenantambo

Njenganoma yiluphi ubuchwepheshe, amashaja angenantambo anezinzuzo nezinkinga zawo. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo nezinkinga zokusebenzisa ishaja engenantambo ye-EV yakho:

Izinzuzo:

Azikho izintambo ezidingekayo, okungaba lula futhi kube kuhle kakhulu.

Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhuma imoto.

Kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni zokushaja ekhaya, lapho imoto ipakwa khona endaweni efanayo njalo ebusuku.

Ububi:

Ayisebenzi kahle kunezinye izinhlobo zamashaja, okungabangela izikhathi zokushaja ezinde.

Ayitholakali kabanzi njengezinye izinhlobo zamashaja, ngakho ukuthola ishaja engenantambo kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Kubiza kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamashaja ngenxa yezindleko ezengeziwe zephedi yokushaja kanye nekhoyili yokwamukela.

Izibonelo Zamashaja Angenantambo

Uma unesifiso sokusebenzisa ishaja engenantambo ye-EV yakho, nansi izibonelo ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele:

1. Ishaja engenantambo ye-Evatran Plugless L2:

Le shaja engenantambo iyahambisana namamodeli amaningi e-EV futhi inesilinganiso sokushaja esingu-7.2 kW.

2. Uhlelo Lokushaja Olungenantambo lwe-HEVO: 

Le shaja engenantambo yenzelwe izimoto zezentengiselwano futhi inganikeza amandla afinyelela ku-90 kW ukushaja izimoto eziningi ngasikhathi sinye.

3. Uhlelo Lokushaja Olungenantambo lwe-WiTricity:

Le shaja engenantambo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa obune-resonant magnetic futhi inganikeza amandla afinyelela ku-11 kW. Iyahambisana namamodeli ahlukahlukene e-EV, kufaka phakathi i-Tesla, i-Audi, ne-BMW.

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV ziyatholakala emakethe. Amashaja e-Level 1 alula kakhulu futhi ahamba kancane, kuyilapho amashaja e-Level 2 evame kakhulu futhi anikeza izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo. Amashaja e-DC Fast ashesha kakhulu kodwa futhi abiza kakhulu. Amashaja angenantambo nawo ayatholakala kodwa awasebenzi kahle futhi athatha isikhathi eside ukushaja i-EV.

Ikusasa lokushaja i-EV liyathembisa, ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eholela ezindleleni zokushaja ezisheshayo nezisebenza kahle. Ohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele nabo batshala imali eningi ekwakheni iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ukuze benze ama-EV afinyeleleke kalula.

Njengoba abantu abaningi beshintshela ezimotweni zikagesi, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lweshaja olufanela izidingo zakho kubalulekile. Ishaja yeLevel 1 noma yeLevel 2 inganele uma unomsebenzi omfushane wokuhamba nsuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, amashaja e-DC Fast angadingeka uma uhamba amabanga amade njalo. Ukutshala imali esiteshini sokushaja ekhaya nakho kungaba inketho engabizi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukucwaninga nokuqhathanisa amashaja ahlukene nezindleko zokufaka ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.

Sekukonke, ngengqalasizinda yokushaja esezinzile, izimoto zikagesi zinamandla okuba yindlela yokuhamba eqhubekayo nelula yesikhathi esizayo.