Nigute washaka Insinga ikwiye yo gusharija amashanyarazi?

Uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zigenda zikundwa cyane, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwa chargers za EV. Kuva kuri chargers zo ku rwego rwa 1 zikoresha soutière isanzwe ya volti 120 kugeza kuri chargers za DC Fast zishobora gutanga charger yuzuye mu gihe kitarenze isaha imwe, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo charger bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye. Muri iyi nyandiko ya blog, tuzasuzuma ubwoko butandukanye bwa chargers za EV n'ibyiza n'ibibi byazo.

Amasharubu yo ku rwego rwa 1

Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1 ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gushajara z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Zikoresha soketi isanzwe ya volti 120, kimwe n'iyo wasanga mu rugo urwo ari rwo rwose, kugira ngo zishyure batiri y'imodoka yawe ikoresha amashanyarazi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari igihe abantu bazita "shajara zikoresha trickle" kuko zitanga shajara buhoro kandi idahindagurika.

Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1 zikunze gushyushya batiri y'imodoka igihe kirekire kurusha shajara zo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1, nka Nissan Leaf, zishobora gufata amasaha 8 kugeza kuri 12 kugira ngo zishyushye imodoka isanzwe ikoresha amashanyarazi yuzuye. Ariko, igihe cyo gushyushya kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubushobozi bwa batiri y'imodoka n'urwego rwayo rusigaye rwo gushyushya. Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1 zikwiriye imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite batiri nto cyangwa aho zitwara buhoro buri munsi.

Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi bya charger zo ku rwego rwa 1 ni uko zoroshye kuzikoresha kandi ntizisaba gushyirwaho byihariye. Uzishyira mu gikoresho gisanzwe hanyuma ugashyiramo insinga yo kuzishyurira mu modoka yawe. Nanone zirahendutse ugereranyije n'izindi charger.

Ibyiza n'ibibi byo gushyushya amashanyarazi yo ku rwego rwa 1

Kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose, charger zo ku rwego rwa 1 zifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Dore bimwe mu byiza n'ibibi byo gukoresha charger yo ku rwego rwa 1:

Ibyiza:

Byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha.

Birahendutse ugereranyije n'andi mahitamo yo gusharija.

Nta gushyiraho byihariye bikenewe.

Ishobora gukoreshwa n'isoko iryo ari ryo ryose risanzwe.

Ibibi:

Igihe cyo gushyushya buhoro.

Ubushobozi bwa bateri buke.

Ishobora kuba idakwiriye imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite batiri nini cyangwa ahantu haremereye ho gutwara.

Bishobora kuba bidahuye n'imodoka zose zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Ingero z'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa 1 byo gushyushya

Hari charger nyinshi zitandukanye zo ku rwego rwa 1 ku isoko. Dore zimwe muri moderi zikunzwe cyane:

1. Ishaja ya EV ya Lectron Level 1:

Shajara ya Lectron yo ku rwego rwa 1 EV ifite ubushobozi bwo gusharija bwa ampeta 12. Iyi shajara ni nziza cyane yo gukoreshwa mu rugo cyangwa mu rugendo. Ushobora no kuyibika mu gikapu cyawe ukayishyiramo igihe cyose ubonye aho usohoka, bigatuma iba amahitamo yoroshye kandi yoroshye gutwara.

2. AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV Charger:

AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV Charger ni indi shajara igendanwa ishyirwa mu muyoboro usanzwe wa volti 120. Itanga ingufu zigera kuri amps 12 zo gusharija kandi ishobora gusharija imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi inshuro eshatu kurusha shajara isanzwe ya Level 1.

3. Charger ya Bosch Level 1 EV: 

Bosch Level 1 EV Charger ni charger nto kandi yoroheje ikoreshwa mu mwobo usanzwe wa volti 120. Itanga ingufu zigera kuri ampere 12 z'amashanyarazi kandi ishobora gusharija imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu ijoro ryose.

Amasharubu yo ku rwego rwa 2

Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 2 zishobora gutanga charger yihuta kurusha shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1. Ubusanzwe zishyirwa ahantu ho gutura cyangwa mu bucuruzi kandi zishobora gutanga umuvuduko wo charger ugera kuri kilometero 30 ku isaha. Izi shajara zikenera soutiere ya volti 240, nk'ubwoko bw'isoutiere ikoreshwa mu bikoresho binini nka mashini zumisha umuriro w'amashanyarazi.

Imwe mu nyungu z'ibanze z'amasharubu yo ku rwego rwa 2 ni ubushobozi bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV vuba kurusha ayo ku rwego rwa 1. Ibi bituma aba amahitamo meza ku bashoferi ba EV bakeneye kongera gushyushya imodoka zabo kenshi cyangwa bakaba bakora urugendo rurerure ku munsi. Byongeye kandi, amasharubu yo ku rwego rwa 2 akunze kugira ibindi bintu, nko guhuza WiFi na porogaramu za telefoni zigendanwa, zishobora gutanga amakuru menshi ku bijyanye no kongera gushyushya.

Ibyiza n'ibibi byo gushyushya amashanyarazi yo ku rwego rwa 2

Dore ibyiza n'ibibi bya chargers zo ku rwego rwa 2:

Ibyiza:

Igihe cyo gusharija vuba: Shajara zo ku rwego rwa 2 zishobora gusharija amashanyarazi inshuro eshanu kurusha shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1.

Ikora neza: Ishaja zo ku rwego rwa 2 zikora neza kurusha ishaja zo ku rwego rwa 1, bivuze ko inzira yo gushaja ishobora gutakaza ingufu nke.

Ni byiza ku ngendo ndende: Imashini zo mu bwoko bwa 2 zikwiriye cyane mu ngendo ndende kuko zishyushya vuba.

Iboneka mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutanga ingufu: Imashini zo mu rwego rwa 2 ziboneka mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutanga ingufu, kuva kuri ampeta 16 kugeza kuri ampeta 80, bigatuma zikoreshwa mu bwoko butandukanye bw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.

Ibibi:

Ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho: Gutanga amashanyarazi yo ku rwego rwa 2 bisaba isoko ry'amashanyarazi rya volti 240, bishobora gusaba akazi k'amashanyarazi k'inyongera kandi bishobora kongera ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho.

Ntibikwiriye imodoka zose zikoresha amashanyarazi: Imodoka zimwe na zimwe zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora kudahuza na charger zo ku rwego rwa 2 bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo bwo gusharija.

Kuboneka: Gutanga charger zo ku rwego rwa 2 bishobora kuba bidahagije nk'ibyo gutanga charger zo ku rwego rwa 1, cyane cyane mu byaro.

Ingero z'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa 2 byo gushyushya

1. Itsinda rya MIDA Cable:

Hamwe n'uruhererekane rwayo rwa charger za EV ruyoboye, Mida yateye intambwe ikomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Uru ruhererekane rurimo moderi nyinshi zagenewe guhaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye n'ibidukikije byo gushyushya charger by'abafite EV. Urugero, moderi za BASIC na APP ni nziza cyane mu rugo. Moderi za RFID (kwishyura) na OCPP ziraboneka ku nyungu z'ubucuruzi nko kwishyura ugiye guparika.

2.ChargePoint Home Flex:

Iyi charger y’urwego rwa 2 ikoresha WiFi irashobora gutanga ingufu zigera kuri ampemetero 50 no gushyushya amashanyarazi inshuro esheshatu kurusha charger isanzwe yo ku rwego rwa 1. Ifite imiterere myiza kandi nto kandi ishobora gushyirwa imbere no hanze.

3. JuiceBox Pro 40:

Iyi charger yo mu rwego rwa 2 ifite ingufu nyinshi ishobora gutanga ingufu zigera kuri amps 40 no gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV mu masaha 2-3 gusa. Ikoresha WiFi kandi ishobora kugenzurwa ukoresheje porogaramu ya terefone igendanwa, bigatuma byoroha gukurikirana aho charger igeze no guhindura imiterere yayo uri kure.

DC Fast Chargers

Ishajara za Dc Fast, cyangwa shajara zo ku rwego rwa 3, ni zo zihutisha cyane gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Izi shajara zitanga ingufu nyinshi zo gusharija bateri ya EV vuba. Ishajara za DC Fast zikunze kuboneka ku mihanda minini cyangwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi kandi zishobora gusharija EV vuba. Bitandukanye na shajara zo ku rwego rwa 1 n'izo ku rwego rwa 2, zikoresha ingufu za AC, shajara za DC Fast zikoresha ingufu za DC kugira ngo zisharije bateri mu buryo butaziguye.

Ibi bivuze ko inzira yo gusharija DC Fast ikora neza kandi yihuta kurusha charger zo ku rwego rwa 1 na 2. Ingufu zitangwa na DC Fast ziratandukanye, ariko ubusanzwe zishobora gutanga charger ya kilometero 60-80 mu minota 20-30 gusa. Zimwe muri charger nshya za DC Fast zishobora gutanga ingufu zigera kuri 350kW, zigatanga charger ya EV kuri 80% mu minota 15-20 gusa.

Ibyiza n'ibibi bya DC Fast chargers

Nubwo hari inyungu nyinshi zo gukoresha chargers za DC, hari n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe ugomba gusuzuma:

Ibyiza:

Uburyo bwo gusharija bwihuse cyane kuri EVs.

Byoroshye gukora ingendo ndende.

Zimwe muri DC Fast chargers nshya zitanga ingufu nyinshi, bigabanya cyane igihe cyo gusharija.

Ibibi:

Birahenze kuyishyiraho no kuyibungabunga.

Ntabwo biboneka cyane nk'amasharubu yo ku rwego rwa 1 n'urwo ku rwego rwa 2.

Hari ibyuma bya elegitoroniki bishaje bishobora kudahuza na DC Fast chargers.

Gushaja ku ngufu nyinshi bishobora gutuma bateri yangirika uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Ingero za DC Fast chargers

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa DC Fast chargers buboneka ku isoko. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

1. Tesla Supercharger:

Iyi ni DC fagitire yihuta yagenewe by'umwihariko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi za Tesla. Ishobora gushyushya Model S, Model X, cyangwa Model 3 kugeza kuri 80% mu minota 30, ikaba ifite intera igera kuri kilometero 270. Umuyoboro wa Supercharger uraboneka ku isi yose.

2. EVgo Fast Charger:

Iyi DC fast charger yagenewe ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi n'ahandi hose, kandi ishobora gushyushya imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu minota iri munsi ya 30. Ishyigikira ibipimo byo gushyushya CHAdeMO na CCS kandi itanga ingufu zigera kuri 100 kW.

3. ABB Terra DC Fast Charger:

Iyi chargeur yagenewe gukoreshwa mu nzego za leta n'iz'abikorera ku giti cyabo kandi ishyigikira amahame yo gusharija ya CHAdeMO na CCS. Itanga ingufu zigera kuri 50 kW kandi ishobora gusharija imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe kiri munsi y'isaha imwe.

Amashari adafite umugozi

Ishaja zikoresha umugozi, cyangwa shaja zikoresha umugozi, ni uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyushya imodoka yawe ikoresha amashanyarazi nta ngorane z'imigozi. Ishaja zikoresha umugozi wa rukuruzi zikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi kugira ngo zohereze ingufu hagati y'ishaja na bateri ya EV. Ishaja ikoreshwa mu gushyushya akenshi ishyirwa muri gareji cyangwa aho baparika imodoka, mu gihe EV ifite umugozi wo kwakira ushyizwe munsi. Iyo byombi biri hafi cyane, imbaraga za rukuruzi zitera umuriro w'amashanyarazi muri iyo shaja, ikaba ari yo ishyushya bateri.

Ibyiza n'ibibi byo gukoresha charger zidafite umugozi

Kimwe n'ikoranabuhanga iryo ari ryo ryose, charger zidafite insinga zifite ibyiza n'ibibi byazo. Dore bimwe mu byiza n'ibibi byo gukoresha charger idafite insinga kuri EV yawe:

Ibyiza:

Nta nsinga zikenewe, zishobora koroha kandi zigashimisha ubwiza.

Byoroshye gukoresha, nta mpamvu yo gushyiramo imodoka mu buryo bufatika.

Ni byiza cyane ku mazu yo kwishyuriramo, aho imodoka iba iparitse ahantu hamwe buri joro.

Ibibi:

Nta bushobozi buhagije ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko bwa charger, bishobora gutuma igihe cyo gushyushya kirushaho kuba kirekire.

Ntabwo biboneka cyane nk'ubundi bwoko bwa charger, bityo kubona charger idakoresha insinga bishobora kugorana cyane.

Birahenze cyane kurusha ubundi bwoko bwa charger bitewe n'igiciro cyiyongereyeho cya charger pad na receiver coil.

Ingero z'amashaja adafite umugozi

Niba ushishikajwe no gukoresha charger idakoresha insinga kuri EV yawe, dore ingero nke zo gutekerezaho:

1. Evatran Plugless L2 Wireless Charger:

Iyi charger idakoresha umugozi irahuye n'izindi modeli nyinshi za EV kandi ifite igipimo cyo gusharija cya 7.2 kW.

2. Sisitemu yo gusharija ya HEVO idafite umugozi: 

Iyi charger idakoresha umugozi yagenewe indege z'ubucuruzi kandi ishobora gutanga ingufu zigera kuri 90 kW zo gushyushya imodoka nyinshi icyarimwe.

3. Sisitemu yo gusharija idafite umugozi ya WiTricity:

Iyi charger idakoresha umugozi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya resonant magnetic coupling kandi ishobora gutanga ingufu zigera kuri 11 kW. Irahuye n'imodoka zitandukanye za EV, harimo Tesla, Audi, na BMW.

Umwanzuro

Muri make, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa charger za EV ku isoko. Charger zo ku rwego rwa 1 ni zo zisanzwe kandi zitinda cyane, mu gihe charger zo ku rwego rwa 2 zikunze gukoreshwa cyane kandi zitanga igihe cyo gusharija vuba. Charger za DC Fast ni zo zihuta cyane ariko kandi zihenze cyane. Charger zitagira umugozi nazo zirahari ariko ntizikora neza kandi zitwara igihe kirekire charger ya EV.

Ahazaza ho gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV hari icyizere, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rizatuma habaho uburyo bwo gushyushya amashanyarazi bwihuse kandi bunoze. Guverinoma n’ibigo byigenga nabyo birimo gushora imari nyinshi mu kubaka ahantu henshi ho gushyushya amashanyarazi ya EV kugira ngo imodoka za EV zirusheho kuboneka.

Uko abantu benshi bahinduka bakajya mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa charger bujyanye n'ibyo ukeneye ni ngombwa. charger yo ku rwego rwa 1 cyangwa 2 ishobora kuba ihagije niba ufite urugendo rugufi rwa buri munsi. Ariko, charger za DC Fast zishobora kuba ngombwa niba ukunda kugenda intera ndende. Gushora imari mu kigo cyo gushyushya imodoka mu rugo nabyo bishobora kuba amahitamo meza. Ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi no kugereranya charger zitandukanye n'ikiguzi cyo kuzishyiraho mbere yo gufata icyemezo.

Muri rusange, hamwe n’ibikorwaremezo byo kwishyuza bihamye, imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora kuba amahitamo arambye kandi yoroshye yo gutwara abantu mu gihe kizaza.