Ungayifumana njani intambo yokutshaja ye-EV efanelekileyo?

Njengoko izithuthi zombane (ii-EV) zisanda ukuthandwa, kubalulekile ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetshaja ze-EV. Ukusuka kwiitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 ezisebenzisa i-outlet eqhelekileyo ye-120-volt ukuya kwiitshaja ze-DC Fast ezinokubonelela ngetshaja epheleleyo ngaphantsi kweyure, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshaja ezifanela iimfuno zakho. Kule posi yebhlog, siza kuhlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetshaja ze-EV kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1

Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zezona ntlobo zisisiseko zetshaja yemoto yombane ekhoyo. Zisebenzisa iplagi eqhelekileyo ye-120-volt, efana naleyo ubuya kuyifumana nakweyiphi na ikhaya, ukutshaja ibhetri yemoto yakho yombane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngamanye amaxesha abantu bazibiza ngokuba “ziitshaja ezithambileyo” kuba zibonelela ngetshaja ecothayo nezinzileyo.

Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zihlala zitshaja ibhetri yesithuthi ixesha elide kuneetshaja zenqanaba eliphezulu. Itshaja yenqanaba loku-1, efana neNissan Leaf, ingathatha malunga neeyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 ukutshaja ngokupheleleyo imoto yombane eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha lokutshaja liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo webhetri yemoto kunye nenqanaba layo lokutshaja eliseleyo. Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zilungele izithuthi zombane ezineebhetri ezincinci okanye umgama wokuqhuba ocothayo imihla ngemihla.

Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zeetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 kukuba zilula. Kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye azidingi kufakelwa okukhethekileyo. Uzifaka nje kwiplagi eqhelekileyo uze ufake intambo yokutshaja emotweni yakho. Zikwabiza kancinci xa zithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutshaja.

Iingenelo kunye neengxaki zeetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1

Njengayo nayiphi na iteknoloji, iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki. Nazi ezinye zeengenelo kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa itshaja yeNqanaba loku-1:

Iingenelo:

Kulula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ayibizi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutshaja.

Akukho mfuneko yokufakela okukhethekileyo.

Ingasetyenziswa nayo nayiphi na indawo yokuphuma eqhelekileyo.

Iingxaki:

Ixesha lokutshaja elicothayo.

Umthamo webhetri ulinganiselwe.

Isenokungafaneleki kwiimoto zombane ezineebhetri ezinkulu okanye eziqhuba ixesha elide.

Isenokungahambelani nazo zonke iimoto zombane.

Imizekelo yeetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1

Kukho iitshaja ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeNqanaba loku-1 ezikhoyo kwimarike. Nazi ezinye zeemodeli ezidumileyo:

1. Itshaja ye-EV yeLectron Level 1:

Itshaja yeLectron yeLevel 1 EV inamandla okutshaja angama-12-amp. Le tshaja ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye xa useluhambeni. Ungayigcina nakwitranki yakho kwaye uyifake nanini na xa ufumana indawo yokuphuma, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olusebenziseka lula noluphathekayo.

2. Itshaja ye-AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV:

Itshaja ye-AeroVironment TurboCord Level 1 EV yenye itshaja ephathwayo efakwa kwi-outlet eqhelekileyo ye-120-volt. Inika amandla okutshaja afikelela kwi-12 amps kwaye inokutshaja imoto yombane ngokukhawuleza okuphindwe kathathu kunetshaja eqhelekileyo yeLevel 1.

3. Itshaja ye-EV yeBosch Level 1: 

Itshaja yeBosch Level 1 EV yitshaja encinci, ekhaphukhaphu exhuma kwi-outlet eqhelekileyo ye-120-volt. Inika amandla okutshaja afikelela kwi-12 amps kwaye inokutshaja ngokupheleleyo uninzi lwezithuthi zombane ubusuku bonke.

Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2

Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zinokutshaja ngokukhawuleza kuneetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1. Zihlala zifakelwa kwiindawo zokuhlala okanye zorhwebo kwaye ziyakwazi ukuhambisa isantya sokutshaja esifikelela kwiimayile ezingama-25 ngeyure. Ezi tshaja zifuna iplagi ye-240-volt, efana nohlobo lweplagi esetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezinkulu ezifana nee-dryer zombane.

Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zeetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 kukukwazi kwazo ukutshaja i-EV ngokukhawuleza kuneetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1. Oku kuzenza zibe lukhetho olungcono kubaqhubi bee-EV abafuna ukutshaja izithuthi zabo rhoqo okanye babe nexesha elide lokuhamba ngemoto imihla ngemihla. Ukongeza, iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zihlala zineempawu ezongezelelweyo, ezinje ngoqhagamshelo lwe-WiFi kunye neeapps zefowuni, ezinokubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nenkqubo yokutshaja.

Iingenelo kunye neengxaki zeetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2

Nazi ezinye izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngeetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2:

Iingenelo:

Amaxesha okutshaja akhawulezayo: Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zinokutshaja i-EV ngokukhawuleza okuphindwe kahlanu kuneetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1.

Isebenza ngcono: Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zisebenza ngcono kuneetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1, oko kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokutshaja inokuchitha amandla amancinci.

Ingcono xa uhamba umgama omde: Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zilungele ngakumbi xa uhamba umgama omde kuba zitshaja ngokukhawuleza.

Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha umbane: Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 ziyafumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha umbane, ukusuka kwi-16 amps ukuya kwi-80 amps, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zombane.

Iingxaki:

Iindleko zokufakela: Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2 zifuna umthombo wamandla we-240-volt, onokufuna umsebenzi wombane owongezelelweyo kwaye unokunyusa iindleko zokufakela.

Ayifanelekanga kuzo zonke izithuthi zombane: Ezinye iimoto zombane zisenokungahambelani neetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukutshaja.

Ukufumaneka: Iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zisenokungabi zininzi njengeetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni.

Imizekelo yeetshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2

1. Iqela leentambo ze-MIDA:

Ngoluhlu lwayo oluphambili lweetshaja ze-EV, iMida yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo kwimarike yehlabathi. Olu luhlu luquka iimodeli ezininzi ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo zokutshaja zabanini be-EV. Umzekelo, iimodeli zeBASIC kunye ne-APP zilungele ukusetyenziswa ekhaya. Iimodeli zeRFID (ukuhlawulisa) kunye ne-OCPP ziyafumaneka ngeenjongo zorhwebo ezifana nokuhlawulelwa ukupaka.

2. I-ChargePoint Home Flex:

Le tshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2 ekrelekrele nesebenza ngeWiFi inokubonelela ngamandla afikelela kwi-50 amps kwaye itshaje i-EV ngokukhawuleza okuphindwe kathandathu kunetshaja eqhelekileyo yeNqanaba loku-1. Inoyilo oluhle noluncinci kwaye ingafakwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

3. IJuiceBox Pro 40:

Le tshaja yeLevel 2 enamandla aphezulu inokuhambisa amandla afikelela kwi-40 amps kwaye itshaje i-EV kwiiyure ezi-2-3. Isebenza nge-WiFi kwaye inokulawulwa nge-app yefowuni, okwenza kube lula ukulandelela inkqubela yokutshaja kunye nokulungisa useto kude.

Iitshaja ezikhawulezayo zeDC

Iitshaja zeDc Fast, okanye iitshaja zeLevel 3, zezona ndlela zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo kwizithuthi zombane. Ezi tshaja zibonelela ngamanqanaba aphezulu amandla okutshaja ibhetri ye-EV ngokukhawuleza. Iitshaja zeDC Fast zihlala zifumaneka ezindleleni okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kwaye zinokutshaja i-EV ngokukhawuleza. Ngokungafaniyo neetshaja zeLevel 1 kunye neLevel 2, ezisebenzisa amandla e-AC, iitshaja zeDC Fast zisebenzisa amandla eDC ukutshaja ibhetri ngokuthe ngqo.

Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yokutshaja ye-DC Fast isebenza kakuhle kwaye ikhawuleza kuneetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 kunye nezeNqanaba lesi-2. Amandla okukhupha iitshaja ze-DC Fast ayahluka, kodwa zihlala zibonelela ngetshaja yeekhilomitha ezingama-60-80 kumgama ngemizuzu engama-20-30 kuphela. Ezinye iitshaja ze-DC Fast ezintsha zinokubonelela ngamandla afikelela kwi-350kW, zitshaje i-EV ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu eli-15-20 kuphela.

Iingenelo kunye neengxaki zeetshaja zeDC Fast

Nangona kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenzisa iitshaja zeDC, kukwakho neengxaki ezithile ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

Iingenelo:

Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokutshaja ii-EV.

Ilungele ukuhamba umgama omde.

Ezinye iitshaja zeDC Fast ezintsha zibonelela ngamandla aphezulu, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokutshaja.

Iingxaki:

Kubiza kakhulu ukuyifaka nokuyilungisa.

Ayifumaneki lula njengeetshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 kunye neNqanaba lesi-2.

Ezinye ii-EV ezindala zisenokungahambelani neetshaja ze-DC Fast.

Ukutshaja ngamandla aphezulu kunokubangela ukonakala kwebhetri ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Imizekelo yeetshaja zeDC Fast

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetshaja zeDC Fast ezikhoyo kwimarike. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

1. I-Tesla Supercharger:

Le yitshaja yeDC ekhawulezayo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa izithuthi zombane zeTesla. Ingatshaja iModel S, iModel X, okanye iModel 3 ukuya kwi-80% kwimizuzu engama-30, inika umgama ofikelela kwiimayile ezili-170. Inethiwekhi yeSupercharger iyafumaneka kwihlabathi liphela.

2. Itshaja ekhawulezayo ye-EVgo:

Le tshaja yeDC ekhawulezayo yenzelwe iindawo zorhwebo kunye nezoluntu kwaye inokutshaja uninzi lwezithuthi zombane ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-30. Ixhasa imigangatho yokutshaja ye-CHAdeMO kunye ne-CCS kwaye inika amandla afikelela kwi-100 kW.

3. Itshaja ekhawulezayo ye-ABB Terra DC:

Le tshaja yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke nabucala kwaye ixhasa imigangatho yokutshaja ye-CHAdeMO kunye ne-CCS. Inika amandla afikelela kwi-50 kW kwaye inokutshaja uninzi lwezithuthi zombane ngaphantsi kweyure.

Iitshaja ezingenazingcingo

Iitshaja ezingenazingcingo, okanye iitshaja ezivuselelayo, ziyindlela elula yokutshaja imoto yakho yombane ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ziintambo. Iitshaja ezingenazingcingo zisebenzisa intsimi yemagnethi ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwephedi yokutshaja kunye nebhetri ye-EV. Iphedi yokutshaja idla ngokufakwa kwigaraji okanye kwindawo yokupaka, ngelixa i-EV inekhoyili yokwamkela efakwe kwicala elingaphantsi. Xa ezi zimbini zikufutshane, intsimi yemagnethi ibangela umbane kwikhoyili yokwamkela, etshaja ibhetri.

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi kweetshaja ezingenazingcingo

Njengayo nayiphi na iteknoloji, iitshaja ezingenazingcingo zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo. Nazi ezinye zeengenelo kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa itshaja engenazingcingo kwi-EV yakho:

Iingenelo:

Akukho mfuneko yeentambo, ezinokuba lula ngakumbi kwaye zithandeke ngakumbi.

Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, akukho mfuneko yokuyifaka ngqo emotweni.

Ilungele izitishi zokutshaja emakhaya, apho imoto ipakishwa khona kwindawo enye ubusuku ngabunye.

Iingxaki:

Ayisebenzi kakuhle kunezinye iintlobo zeetshaja, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ixesha lokutshaja libe lide.

Ayifumaneki ngokubanzi njengezinye iintlobo zeetshaja, ngoko ke ukufumana itshaja engenazingcingo kunokuba nzima ngakumbi.

Ibiza kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo zeetshaja ngenxa yeendleko ezongeziweyo zephedi yokutshaja kunye nekhoyili yokwamkela.

Imizekelo yeetshaja ezingenazingcingo

Ukuba unomdla wokusebenzisa itshaja engenazingcingo kwi-EV yakho, nantsi imizekelo embalwa onokuyiqwalasela:

1. Itshaja engenazingcingo ye-Evatran L2 engenaziplagi:

Le tshaja engenazingcingo iyahambelana neemodeli ezininzi ze-EV kwaye inesantya sokutshaja se-7.2 kW.

2. Inkqubo yokutshaja engenazingcingo ye-HEVO: 

Le tshaja engenazingcingo yenzelwe iinqwelo zorhwebo kwaye inokubonelela ngamandla afikelela kwi-90 kW ukutshaja izithuthi ezininzi ngaxeshanye.

3. Inkqubo yokutshaja engenazingcingo yeWiTricity:

Le tshaja engenazingcingo isebenzisa iteknoloji yokudibanisa i-magnetic resonant kwaye inokubonelela ngamandla afikelela kwi-11 kW. Iyahambelana neemodeli ezahlukeneyo ze-EV, kuquka iTesla, i-Audi, kunye ne-BMW.

Isiphelo

Ngamafutshane, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetshaja ze-EV ziyafumaneka kwimarike. Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 zezona zilula kwaye zicothayo, ngelixa iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zixhaphake ngakumbi kwaye zibonelela ngamaxesha okutshaja akhawulezayo. Iitshaja ze-DC Fast zezona zikhawulezayo kodwa zikwabiza kakhulu. Iitshaja ezingenazingcingo nazo ziyafumaneka kodwa azisebenzi kakuhle kwaye zithatha ixesha elide ukutshaja i-EV.

Ikamva lokutshaja nge-EV liyathembisa, kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji olukhokelela kwiindlela zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo nezisebenzayo. Oorhulumente kunye neenkampani zabucala nabo batyala imali eninzi ekwakheni izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ukuze ii-EV zifikeleleke lula.

Njengoko abantu abaninzi betshintshela kwizithuthi zombane, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwetshaja oluhambelana neemfuno zakho kubalulekile. Itshaja yeNqanaba loku-1 okanye leNqanaba lesi-2 inokwanela ukuba unomsebenzi omfutshane wokuhamba ngemini. Nangona kunjalo, iitshaja zeDC Fast zinokufuneka ukuba uhamba imigama emide rhoqo. Ukutyala imali kwisikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya nako kunokuba lukhetho olungabizi kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuphanda nokuthelekisa iitshaja ezahlukeneyo kunye neendleko zokufakela ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.

Lilonke, ngeziseko zokutshaja ezisemgangathweni, izithuthi zombane zinokuba yindlela yokuthutha ezinzileyo nelula kwixesha elizayo.