Ukuqinisa Uzinzo lweGrid ngeDistributed BESS Networks

Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:Iinethiwekhi zeBESS ezisasazwayo zomeleza uzinzo lwegridi ngokubeka [iiyunithi zokugcina ibhetri] ezincinci (https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) kulo lonke ummandla - kwiindawo zokugcina iinqanawa, kwiindawo zokutshaja iimoto ezinkulu, izakhiwo zorhwebo, nakwiindawo zelanga - kwaye zihlanganiswe ngesoftware yolawulo lwamandla kwisityalo samandla esibonakalayo (i-VPP) esibonelela ngolawulo lwefrikhwensi, inkxaso yevolthi, ukucheba okuphezulu, kunye neenkonzo zokuqina kumqhubi wegridi. Ngenxa yokuba impendulo yenzeka kwindawo (phantsi komzuzwana omnye wefrikhwensi, ngoko nangoko kwivolthi), indawo yokugcina esasazwayo idlula izityalo ezinkulu ezikwindawo enye ngesantya kunye nokuthembeka, kwaye ayifuni iindlela ezintsha zokuhambisa. Kubanini, iyunithi nganye esasazwayo ifumana imithombo emininzi yengeniso - iintlawulo zomthamo, i-arbitrage yamandla, ukonga intlawulo yemfuno, kunye nengeniso yenkonzo encedisayo - ngelixa inethiwekhi iyonke iba yeyona nto iguquguqukayo kwigridi. Iimarike zaseYurophu naseMntla Melika sele zihlawula i-30-120 USD/MW-h yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwifrikhwensi, okwenza iinethiwekhi zeBESS ezisasazwayo zibe yenye yeendawo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiziseko zegridi.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Iinethiwekhi zeBESS ezisasazwayo ziguqula amawaka eeyunithi zokugcina ezincinci zibe yi-asethi enye yegridi eguquguqukayo, zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezingenakukwazi ukufana nezityalo ezikwindawo enye ngokwesantya okanye indawo.
• Ulawulo lwefrikhwensi yeyona nkonzo ixabisa kakhulu: impendulo yemizuzwana engaphantsi ifumana i-30–120 USD/MW-h yentlawulo yomthamo kwiimarike ezinkulu.
• Iileya zokuhlanganisa (EMS + iiplatifomu zeVPP + OCPP 2.0.1 + ISO 15118) zezona ziguqula iibhetri ezisasazekileyo zibe sisixhobo esinye esinokuthunyelwa.
• Ezi yunithi zisasazwayo zikhonza indawo yazo yokuqala — zinciphisa iindleko zemfuno ngama-20–40% — zize zithengise ukuguquguquka kwegridi okwesibini.
• Izixhobo zokugcina ezisemgangathweni, ezisemgangathweni, zeprotokholi, zezona zivumelayo: ziiyunithi ezisemgangathweni kuphela ezinokudityaniswa ngexabiso elifanelekileyo ngokwezinga.

Kutheni Ukuzinza kweGrid Kuba yingxaki esasazekileyo

Umqhubi wegridi yengingqi kumazantsi eMelika ubukele irempu yangokuhlwa: umbane welanga uyehla, umthwalo we-air-conditioner uyenyuka, kwaye i-net-load gradient yemizuzu engama-30 iyanda minyaka le njengoko izixhobo ezivuselelekayo zisusa izityalo ezishushu. Izixhobo zomsebenzisi zexesha elidlulileyo - ii-gas peakers ezinkulu kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto - zibiza kakhulu ukuzakha, zikhawuleza ukuphendula (imizuzu emi-2-10), kwaye zikude neendawo zokuhambisa umbane ezixineneyo apho kwenzeka khona iingxaki ze-voltage. Okwangoku, zonke iindawo zokutshaja ze-EV, uphahla lwezorhwebo, kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto kulo mmandla zizinto ezinokwenzeka zokugcina izinto ezingasebenziyo.

Uzinzo lwegridi luba yingxaki esasazwayo ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu zesakhiwo. Okokuqala, ukungena okuvuselelekayo kutshabalalisa i-inertia ehambelanayo: ukuphambuka kwamaza ombane kuyakhula kwaye kufika ngokukhawuleza, impendulo ifuna impendulo ngemizuzwana endaweni yemizuzu. Okwesibini, ukuveliswa kuhambela kumda wokusasazwa (ilanga lophahla, indawo yokugcina uluntu), ngoko ke imiba ye-voltage kunye nokuxinana ifumaneka kwiindawo zokutyisa ezingenakubonwa zizityalo eziphakathi, ingasathethwa ke ngokuyilungisa. Okwesithathu, ukwandiswa kothumelo kuhamba kancinci kwaye kuyabiza kakhulu - iikhorido ezintsha zithatha iminyaka esi-7-10 kunye notyalo-mali lweebhiliyoni - ngelixa iibhetri ezisasazwayo zisasazwa kwiinyanga xa kufuneka. Isiphumo sisakhiwo segridi apho iinkonzo zozinzo zinikezelwa ngakumbi ziiyunithi ezincinci zokugcina ezidibeneyo endaweni yezityalo ezimbalwa ezinkulu.

I-Anatomy yeeNkonzo zeGrid: Oko i-BESS esasazekileyo ikuthengisa ngokwenene

Iiyunithi zeBESS ezisasazwe zifumana ingeniso ngokuthengisa iinkonzo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo, nganye inexesha layo lokuphendula, ubude, kunye nolwakhiwo lwemarike:

Ulawulo lwefrikhwensi yinkonzo ye-anchor kuba yenza imali ecacileyo yeebhetri ezisasaziweyo: isantya. Iyunithi ye-lithium-ion inokunyuka ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kumandla apheleleyo ngaphantsi kwe-100 milliseconds kwaye igcine loo mpendulo ngokungenasiphelo - amandla angenakufikelelwa zizityalo zobushushu kwaye iimarike zihlawulela kuwo ngamaxabiso aphezulu. Inkxaso ye-voltage isebenzisa indawo: ibhetri ekwi-feeder exineneyo ilawula i-voltage kanye apho ifunekayo, ithintela ilahleko kunye nokulibaziseka kwe-injection ekude.

I-Centralized vs. Distributed: Uthelekiso lwe-Architecture

Olu thelekiso luchaza indlela elihamba ngayo eli shishini: ngelixa izityalo ezikwindawo enye zisafuneka ukugcina amandla amaninzi, imali encinci yotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo lwegridi iya ngakumbi kwiinethiwekhi ezisasazekileyo, kuba ziyakhawuleza ukwakhiwa, zitshiphu ngeMW nganye, kwaye ziqinile ngakumbi.

Uyilo lwezakhiwo: Indlela iNethiwekhi yeBESS esasazwe ngayo ehlelwe ngayo

Inethiwekhi ye-BESS esasazekileyo yinkqubo enamaleko amathathu.umaleko wehardwareyinqwaba yeeyunithi zokugcina ezisemgangathweni — iibhloko zebhetri, iimodyuli zamandla ezibhekisa kwicala elinye, kunye neetshaja — nganye ine-BMS yendawo kunye nokhuseleko.umaleko wolawuloyi-EMS ekumgangatho wesiza eqhuba ukulungiswa kwe-demand-charge kwindawo yomgcini, ibamba i-headroom yebhetri, kwaye iveza ujongano oluqhelekileyo lwemiyalelo yegridi.umaleko wokudibanisayi-VPP/inkqubo yolawulo lwemithombo yamandla esasazwayo (i-DERMS) ehlanganisa amakhulu okanye amawaka eeyunithi kwipotifoliyo enye ethunyelwayo kwaye iyibhide kwiimarike.

Imigangatho emithathu yeprotocol yenza ukuba la maleya asebenzisane:

• I-OCPP 2.0.1ilawula ulawulo lwetshaja kunye nogcino kuyo yonke inethiwekhi, yongeza ukhuseleko lwe-TLS kunye nee-primitives ezisemgangathweni zokutshaja ezikrelekrele ezingenazo izixhobo ezindala ze-1.6J.
• I-ISO 15118 (kubandakanya -20)yandisa iinqwelo-moya kwiibhetri zezithuthi, ukuze [ii-EV ezikwaziyo ukusebenza nge-V2G](https://www.midapower.com/30kw-40kw-v2g-charging-module-bidirectional-ac-dc-converter-product/) kwiindawo zokugcina izithuthi zibe ngumthamo owongezelelweyo osasazwayo.
• I-OpenADR 2.0b / DNP3 / IEC 61850qhagamshela umaleko wokudibanisa kwiinkonzo kunye nee-TSO zeziganeko ze-DR, imiqondiso yomthetho, kunye ne-telemetry.

Umgaqo wobunjineli kukuba iyunithi nganye kufuneka izuze nganye nganye kwindawo yayo — ngokonga i-demand-charge, i-arbitrage, kunye ne-charge service income — ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwiinkonzo zegridi. Ingeniso yegridi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo; uqoqosho lwesayithi luphantsi. Oku kwenza iinethiwekhi ezisasazwe zikwazi ukubhengezwa: imeko yeshishini yeyunithi nganye ayixhomekekanga kumaxabiso eenkonzo ezincedisayo aguquguqukayo.

Iipateni zokusasazwa kwehlabathi lokwenyani

Iipateni ezintathu zokusasazwa zilawula iinethiwekhi zeBESS ezisasazwayo ngoku, nganye ibambelela kwindawo yokugcina izinto kwindawo yokusetyenziswa ebonakalayo.

Iindawo zokubeka iimoto kunye neendawo zokutshaja.Indawo yokugcina izinto kwindawo yokugcina izinto inciphisa incopho yokutshaja, ize ithengise amandla okulawula ngexesha lokungasebenzi. Ii-MIDA's [482 kWh/320 kW](https://www.midapower.com/320kw-482kwh-bess-charger-mobile-ev-charging-station-energy-storage-system-product/) kunye ne [625 kWh/400 kW izikhululo ezidibeneyo](https://www.midapower.com/400kw-625kwh-bess-charger-station-mobile-charging-battery-energy-storage-system-product/) zisebenza kanye kule ndima: ii-battery buffers ziyatshaja ngelixa isivumelwano se-VPP senza imali kwifestile engasebenziyo. Indawo yokugcina izinto eneebhasi ezingama-30 idla ngokuvelisa amandla aguquguqukayo angama-500 kW–1.5 MW kwinethiwekhi ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina izinto ebekelwe bucala.

Iikluster zokutshaja ezindleleni ezinkulu nezithengiswayo.Izikhululo ezininzi ze-120–400 kW ecaleni kwendlela zihlanganiswe zaba yipotifoliyo yengingqi, zibonelela ngokucheba okuphezulu kwindawo nganye kunye nolawulo lwamaza e-TSO. Ngenxa yokuba i-hardware isemgangathweni kwaye ihambelana neprotokholi, ukuhlanganiswa ngumsebenzi wesoftware endaweni yokulungiswa kwe-hardware.

Iinkqubo ezidityaniswe yilanga kunye nezingaphandle kwegridi.Iiyunithi zokugcina amandla elanga kunye ne-solar ezisasazwe ngokubanzi — ezifana ne-MIDA's [200 kWh/120 kW off-grid solar MPPT charger](https://www.midapower.com/200kwh-120kw-mobile-ev-charger-off-grid-solar-mppt-dc-fast-charging-station-product/) — imveliso evuselelekayo eqinileyo kwaye inika amandla okuhlala esiqithini. Kwimimandla enegridi ezibuthathaka, ezi yunithi zibonelela ngenkonzo yokuqina engenakukwazi ukugcinwa yimpahla ephakathi: zigcina imithwalo ebalulekileyo kwi-intanethi ngexesha lokungasebenzi.

Iimodeli zeShishini kunye neMijelo yeNgeniso

Abaqhubi benza imali kwiinethiwekhi ezisasaziweyo ngokusebenzisa imithombo yengeniso emihlanu edibeneyo:

1. I-Demand-charge kunye ne-energy arbitrage kwindawo yokusingatha— Ukunciphisa i-demand-charge ye-20–40% kunye nokonga amandla e-TOU (isiseko esihlawulela ibhetri). 2.Ulawulo lwamaxesha okuphindaphinda kunye neenkonzo ezincedisayongeekhontrakthi ze-TSO okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabaqokeleli — 30–120 USD/MW-h yentlawulo yomthamo. 3.Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike yomthamoapho indawo yokugcina ifanelekile — iintlawulo zonyaka zokukhupha izinto ngexesha leziganeko zokunqongophala. 4.Iikhontrakthi ze-DR kunye nokuguquguqukangeenkonzo zombane — iintlawulo zesiganeko ngasinye zokunciphisa okanye ukufaka imali ebekelwe ixesha elithile. 5.Iinkonzo zeenqwelo-moya ze-V2G— iibhetri zezithuthi ezithunyelwa ngexesha leefestile zolawulo, zifumana iintlawulo zamandla nge-MWh nganye ngaphezu kwamandla esikhululo.

Ukufakwa kwe-stacking kusebenza kuba iinkonzo zahlulwe ngexesha: ibhetri ayinakulawula i-frequency kwaye inciphise i-peak ngexesha elinye, kodwa i-peak yi-4-6 pm, imfuno yomthetho iyaqhubeka, kwaye iifestile zokutshaja zeenqwelo zobusuku zahlukile - i-EMS icwangcisa amandla onke ngokwexesha lawo.

Ukwenza iNethiwekhi ibe Yeyokwenene: Oko AbaSebenzisi Bafanele Bakwenze

Iinethiwekhi ze-BESS ezisasazwe ngokubanzi zingqinisisiwe, kodwa imbuyekezo yeyabasebenzi abenza iziseko:

1. Yenza izixhobo zibe semgangathweni.Khetha usapho olunye lwemveliso yemodyuli olunenkxaso ye-OCPP 2.0.1 kunye ne-ISO 15118 kuzo zonke iisayithi — uqoqosho lokuhlanganisa luyawa ukuba yonke indawo isebenzisa iiprotokholi ezahlukeneyo. 2.Misela yonke iyunithi kuqoqosho lwendawo yokusingatha kuqala— ukonga imali efunekayo kunye nengeniso yokuhlawulisa kufuneka kuhlawule ityala leshishini elisisiseko. 3.Isivumelwano nomntu oqokelela izinto kwangethubaukuze iinqwelomoya zikwazi ukubhida kwiimarike ukususela ngosuku lokuqala kunokuba emva kwenkqubo yokufaneleka ethatha iminyaka emininzi.Gcina indlu yangasemva ngokwendlela eyilwe ngayo— iibhetri ezinobukhulu obungama-20–30% ngaphezu kweemfuno zesiza ukuze iinkonzo zegridi zingaze ziphazamise amava omqhubi. 5.Yonke into yesixhobo— iiyunithi ezilinganisiweyo, ezisebenzisa i-telemetry zezona ziza kuthunyelwa ngabaqokeleli kunye neenkonzo zombane; amandla angadibaniyo ayimali iphelileyo.

Uzinzo lwegridi luyanda ukuba yingxaki esasazwayo, kwaye impendulo iyanda ibe yisiseko seeasethi ezisasazwayo. Abaqhubi abasebenzisa indawo yokugcina esemgangathweni, esetyenziswa ngokwemigaqo kwiindawo zabo namhlanje abapheleli nje ekuphuculeni iindleko zabo zamandla - baba ngababoneleli bokuguquguquka kwegridi ka-2030, befumana ingeniso kwiziseko eziluncedo ezikwanceda ishishini labo eliphambili. Isiphumo senethiwekhi siyinyani: yonke iyunithi eyongezelelweyo emiselweyo yenza ipotifoliyo ehlanganisiweyo ibe luncedo ngakumbi, isasazwe ngakumbi, kwaye iqine ngakumbi - kumqhubi nakwigridi.

FAQ

1. Yintoni inethiwekhi ye-BESS esasazekileyo?Inethiwekhi ye-BESS esasazwe yiqela leeyunithi zokugcina iibhetri ezincinci ezikwiindawo ezininzi, ezidityaniswe yisoftware zibe sisixhobo esinye esithunyelwayo esibonelela ngeenkonzo zozinzo lwegridi ezifana nolawulo lwamaza, inkxaso yevolthi, kunye nokucheba okuphezulu.

2. Indawo yokugcina izinto ezisasazwayo iphucula njani uzinzo lwegridi xa ithelekiswa nesityalo esiphakathi?Iiyunithi ezisasazekileyo ziphendula ngaphantsi komzuzwana omnye, zihlala kanye apho iingxaki ze-voltage kunye nokuxinana kwenzeka khona, azifuni zindlela zokudlulisela umbane, kwaye ziyasilela kakuhle iyunithi enye ngexesha endaweni yokuba zisilele kwindawo enye yokusilela.

3. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-VPP kunye nenethiwekhi ye-BESS esasazekileyo?I-VPP yindlela yokudibanisa kunye nojongano lwemarike — umaleko wesoftware obhida ukusasaza iiasethi kwiimarike zamandla; inethiwekhi ye-BESS esasazekileyo yi-hardware fleet edityanisiweyo. Zii-layers ezimbini zenkqubo enye.

4. Yeyiphi inkonzo yegridi exabiso liphezulu kwiibhetri ezisasaziweyo?Ulawulo lwefrikhwensi, oluhlawula amandla angama-30–120 USD/MW-h kwimpendulo ye-sub-second — amandla apho iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zisebenza ngcono kunezinye iindlela zobushushu.

5. Ngaba iisayithi zokutshaja ii-EV zingabandakanyeka kwiinkonzo zegridi ngaphandle kokulimaza abaqhubi?Ewe. I-EMS icwangcisa ukuthunyelwa kwegridi kwiifestile ezingaphandle kwe-peak kwaye igcina igumbi langaphakathi, ukuze iiseshoni zokutshaja zabaqhubi zingaphazamiseki; ii-buffer zebhetri ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zombini.

6. Zeziphi iiprotokholi ezifunekayo ukuze iyunithi yebhetri ijoyine inethiwekhi yeenkonzo zegridi?I-OCPP 2.0.1 yokulawula itshaja/ugcino, i-ISO 15118 yokudibanisa isithuthi ecaleni, kunye ne-OpenADR 2.0b, DNP3, okanye i-IEC 61850 yokusetyenziswa kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-TSO.

7. Ngaba ndifuna isivumelwano seenkonzo zoluntu ukuze ndifumane ingeniso kwi-BESS esasazwe?Hayi ekuqaleni — ukonga imali yemfuno kunye ne-arbitrage yamandla ziyafumaneka nakweyiphi na indawo ukususela ngomhla wokuqala; ulawulo lwefrikhwensi kunye neentlawulo zomthamo zifuna i-aggregator okanye inxaxheba ye-TSO, nto leyo uninzi lwabaqhubi abayongezayo emva kokuba ityala leshishini lendawo liqinisekisiwe.