Ukusebenza Kahle Kweziteshi Zokushaja Zelanga Zonke Eziku-One BESS

Impendulo Esheshayo

Isiteshi sokushaja se-BESS selanga esihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-photovoltaic, isitoreji sebhethri, kanye nokushaja kwe-EV ohlelweni olulodwa oluklanywe ngendlela ehlukile, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwaso kuqondwa kahle kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni: ukukhanya kwelanga kuya emasondweni. Imiklamo yesimanje ehlanganisiwe ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle kwe-DC kusuka elangeni kuya ebhethrini okungu-95-98%, ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri kusuka ebhethrini okungu-93-96% ngamaseli e-LFP apholiswe uketshezi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushaja okungu-96-98% ebhasini le-DC - ukusebenza kahle kwe-solar kuya emotweni okulinganiselwa ku-75-85% kuye ngokwakhiwa kokuxhuma. Inzuzo eyinhloko yefomethi ehlanganisiwe akuyona irekhodi elilodwa lengxenye kodwa ukuqedwa kokulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa, izindawo eziphindaphindwayo, kanye nezilawuli ezingahambisani ezihlupha i-PV etholakala ngokwahlukana, isitoreji, kanye namashaja. Kubanikazi besayithi abaqhathanisa ubuchwepheshe, i-metric ebalulekile yi-kWh yamandla avuselelekayo alethwa ezimotweni nge-kW ngayinye efakiwe - futhi izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ziwina kuleyo metric.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziteshi zokushaja ze-BESS zelanga ezisebenza ndawonye ziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla emoto ngokusebenza kahle okungu-75–85% kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni, okubuswa ukujikeleza kwebhethri kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-inverter.
• Izakhiwo ezihlanganiswe yi-DC zisindisa amaphuzu angu-3-7% okusebenza kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezihlanganiswe yi-AC ngokuqeda ukuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili.
• Ukuphathwa kokushisa okuhlanganisiwe (ukupholisa uketshezi lwebhethri kanye ne-elekthronikhi yamandla) kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle okuqhubekayo futhi kwandise impilo yengxenye.
• Umhlinzeki oyedwa, uhlelo lokulawula olulodwa, iphakheji yesitifiketi esisodwa: ukuhlanganiswa kunciphisa izindleko zobunjiniyela, ukufakwa, kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza ngokulinganisela okungu-15–30% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zabathengisi abaningi.
• Ukuphathwa kwamandla ahlakaniphile kubeka phambili ukuzisebenzisa kwamandla elanga, ukunciphisa ukuthengwa kwegridi kanye nokuhambisana nemigomo ye-EU, US, kanye ne-Asia.

Iyini Isiteshi Sokushaja Se-BESS Selanga Esisebenza Konke Ku-One?

Cabanga ngesiteshi sokuphumula somgwaqo omkhulu eningizimu yeFrance. Izindawo zokushaja eziyisishiyagalombili zimi ngaphansi kophahla lwelanga. Ngemuva kwalezi zindawo kumi indawo encane ebiyelwe - cishe indawo yezitsha ezimbili zokuthumela - equkethe amabhethri, imishini yokuguqula ugesi, kanye nezihibe zokupholisa uketshezi. Umkhiqizi oyedwa unikeze lonke uhlelo, isilawuli esisodwa siqondisa konke ukugeleza kwamandla, kanye nethimba elilodwa eliqambayo laqala lokho ngesonto.

Lowo ngumqondo we-all-in-one: ukukhiqizwa kwe-PV, isitoreji sebhethri, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC okulethwa njengomkhiqizo owodwa oqinisekisiwe kunezinhlelo ezintathu ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganiswe ndawonye endaweni. Imakethe isihambele phambili ngokuzikhandla kulokhu. Abaqhubi benethiwekhi yokusabalalisa banciphisa kakhulu amandla okuxhumanisa izindawo ezintsha zokushaja, futhi abanikazi besayithi bathole ukuthi imiklamo ehlanganisiwe yesitoreji se-solar-plus-ivumela ukuthi bakhonze izimoto eziningi nge-kilowatt ngayinye yokuxhumeka kwegridi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarekhodi okusebenza kahle kwezinga lezingxenye awabalulekile kunomnotho wamandla wezinga lesistimu - okuyilapho ukuhlanganiswa kunqoba khona.

Lapho Ukusebenza Kahle Kuzuzwa Futhi Kulahleka Khona

Ukuguqulwa kwamandla ngakunye ochungechungeni kulahlekelwa ukushisa okuncane. Ukuqonda ukulahlekelwa kukutshela ukuthi ungadinga kuphi ubunjiniyela obungcono:

Kuvela imibono emibili kuleli thebula. Okokuqala, iphaneli ye-PV ngokwayo ilawula isabelomali sokulahlekelwa — kodwa lokho kulahlekelwa kuyinto ebonakalayo futhi akunakugwenywa ezingeni lemojuli. Okwesibili, phakathi kokulahlekelwa okungalawuleka, ukwakheka kokujikeleza kwebhethri kanye nokuguqulwa yilapho izinqumo zobunjiniyela zibaluleke kakhulu khona. Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-DC olushaja ibhethri ngqo kusuka ku-PV array bese luphuma ngqo ebhasini le-DC leshaja lugwema ukuguqulwa okubili okugcwele okwenziwa umklamo ohlanganisiwe we-AC. Lokho kuguqulwa okugwenyiwe kubiza amaphuzu angu-3–7 amaphesenti okusebenza kahle kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni — izinkulungwane ze-kWh ngonyaka endaweni ematasa.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kohambo Oluya Nokujika kanye Nokwakhiwa Kokuhlanganisa

Incazelo eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS selanga ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri okuya nokubuya (RTE): ingxenye yamandla afakwa ebhethrini ebuyayo. I-LFP chemistry ezinhlelweni zanamuhla ezipholile ngoketshezi inikeza i-93–96% RTE ngamanani okushaja nokukhipha angu-0.5C. Uhlelo lokupholisa lubaluleke kakhulu njenge-chemistry: njalo ngo-10 °C wokushisa kwamaseli okukhuphuka ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esifanele kusheshisa ukukhula kokumelana kwangaphakathi futhi kudle i-RTE.

I-AC-Coupled vs DC-Coupled vs Hybrid

Ngokwakhiwa okusha okune-solar kanye nesitoreji esakhelwe ndawonye, ​​ukuxhumanisa kwe-DC kuyindlela yokuqala yokusebenza kahle. Kuphinde kunciphise inani le-inverter — amandla kagesi ambalwa, ukushisa okuncane, imithwalo ephansi yokusiza, ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Ukuxhumanisa kwe-AC kugcina indima ekufakweni kabusha lapho amashaja e-AC akhona kufanele asetshenziswe kabusha, kodwa inhlawulo yokusebenza kahle ingokoqobo futhi kufanele ilinganiswe endabeni yebhizinisi.

Ukuzisebenzisa: Ukusebenza Kahle Okubonakala KuMthethosivivinywa

Isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle esiwusizo kakhulu sesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS selanga akuyona i-RTE yelabhorethri kodwa izinga lokuzisebenzisa: isabelo sokukhiqizwa kwelanga esisetshenziswa endaweni esikhundleni sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isiteshi esinokusetshenziswa kwaso okungu-85% sithenga amandla egridi amancane kakhulu kunesinye esithumela kwamanye amazwe emini bese singenisa ebusuku.

Izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla zanamuhla (i-EMS) zifinyelela ukuzisebenzisa okuphezulu ngemisebenzi emine ehlelekile:

1. Ukubaluleka kwe-PV ngqo emotweni— amandla elanga kuqala, ngesikhathi sangempela. 2.Ibhethri njenge-buffer— amandla elanga angaphezulu ashaja ibhethri esikhundleni sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. 3.Ukungenisa igridi bushelelezi— ibhethri limboza igebe lapho amandla elanga ehla ngaphansi kwesidingo sokushaja, libambe igridi idonse ezingeni eliphansi nelingaguquguquki. 4.Ukuqwashisa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa— ukukhishwa kwamandla ebhethri ngokweqile ngesikhathi sezintengo eziphakeme, hhayi ngenxa yokukhipha.

Abaqhubi babika ukuthi ukulawulwa kwe-EMS okuhlanganisiwe kuphakamisa ukusetshenziswa komshini ngamaphesenti angu-15-25 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezihlukene, ngoba isilawuli sibona ukuphuma kwe-PV, i-SOC yebhethri, kanye nesidingo seshaja ngasikhathi sinye.

I-Capex ne-Opex: Lokho Ukuhlanganiswa Okukusindisayo Ngempela

Ukonga kokuhlanganiswa kuvame ukunganakwa ngoba kusakazeke ekuthengweni, ekufakweni, kanye nasekusebenzeni — yingakho opharetha abahlola [imiklamo yesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS yelanga ehlanganisiwe](https://www.midapower.com/) kufanele babonise izindleko ezifakiwe eziphelele, hhayi amanani ezingxenye:

Iphethini iyavumelana: ukuhlanganiswa kususa ubunjiniyela obuphindaphindiwe, ihadiwe yokuguqulwa ephindaphindayo, kanye nezixhumi ezibiza imali ukuklama, ukufaka, nokunakekela. Esizeni seklasi eli-1 MW, ukonga okubhalwe phansi kwezindleko zokuqala okungu-15–30% kuyinto evamile, futhi ukonga kwe-O&M kwaminyaka yonke kuhlanganisa impilo yesistimu yeminyaka engu-15–20.

Iphrofayili Yokusebenza Yomhlaba Wangempela

Cabanga ngesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS selanga esihlinzeka ngamashaja e-DC angu-6 × 180 kW endaweni yesevisi yomgwaqo omkhulu eSpain:

• Ikhava yelanga: 400 kWp, ekhiqiza ~600 MWh ngonyaka.
• I-BESS: I-LFP epholiswe ngoketshezi engu-600 kWh, impilo yomklamo wama-cycle ayi-10,000.
• Ukuxhumeka kwegridi: 250 kVA — cishe u-40% walokho okungadingwa amashaja ayisithupha angu-180 kW ngaphandle kwesitoreji.
• Iphrofayela yansuku zonke: amandla elanga aphezulu ku-300 kW ngo-14:00; isidingo sokushaja siphezulu ku-500 kW ngo-19:00. Ibhethri lishaja kusuka elangeni eliningi ntambama futhi lisekela amandla elanga aphezulu kusihlwa, kuyilapho ukudonsa kwegridi kungadluli ku-180 kW.

Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka, le phrofayili inikeza cishe ama-MWh angu-1,100 wamandla okushaja, cishe u-45% wawo uvela ohlelweni lokugcina amandla elanga kanti okunye kuvela kugridi ngamanani angewona awokuqala. Izindleko zamandla ezisebenzayo zomqhubi nge-kWh ngayinye ehanjiswayo zingama-30-50% ngaphansi kwendawo yokubhekisela yegridi kuphela, ngaphambi kokubala ukonga kwezindleko zokufunwa.

Izindinganiso, Ukuphepha, kanye Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside

Uhlelo oluhlanganisa konke lugxila ubuchwepheshe obuthathu obulawulwayo endaweni eyodwa, ngakho-ke ububanzi besitifiketi bubalulekile:

• Ukuphepha kwesitoreji: Ukuhlolwa komlilo nokushisa kwe-UL 9540A / IEC 62933, okupholisa uketshezi njengesivikelo esiyinhloko sokushisa.
• Isixhumi sokushaja: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 (Ipulaki Nokushaja), kanye ne-OCPP 2.0.1 yokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi.
• Ilanga kanye nogesi: IEC 61215 yamamojula, IEC 62109 yokuphepha kwe-inverter.
• Ikhodi yegridi: izidingo zokuxhumeka kwendawo kokubili izindlela zokusebenza ezikhawulelwe ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe kanye nezingekho.

Amaphakethe ebhethri apholile ngoketshezi agcina izinga lokushisa elifana phakathi kweseli neseli ngaphakathi kuka-±2 °C, okuyisihluthulelo sempilo yomklamo wemijikelezo eyi-10,000 kanye ne-RTE ehambisanayo unyaka nonyaka. Amaphakethe apholile ngomoya, ngokuphambene, ngokuvamile abona ama-gradients angu-5-8 °C kulo lonke iphakethe, okusheshisa ukuguga kwamaseli ashisayo futhi kwehlise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isiphetho

Ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS se-solar esisebenza kuyo yonke indawo kuyimpahla yesistimu, hhayi isici sengxenye. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-DC, isitoreji se-LFP esipholile ngoketshezi, kanye nokulawulwa kwe-EMS okuhlanganisiwe kuhlangana ukuletha ukusebenza kahle kwe-75-85% kokukhanya kwelanga kuya emotweni, amazinga okusebenzisa ngokwakho angaphezu kuka-80%, kanye nokonga izindleko zokuqala okungu-15-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa kwabathengisi abaningi. Kwabaqhubi bemigwaqo emikhulu, izindiza, kanye nabanikazi bezindlu bezentengiselwano abahlola ukushaja kwe-solar endaweni, ifomethi ehlanganisiwe iyimpendulo yobunjiniyela evikelekile: ukuguqulwa okumbalwa, izixhumi ezimbalwa, izindlela zokwehluleka ezimbalwa, kanye necala lebhizinisi elingcono. Hlola [ukucushwa kwesistimu yokushaja ye-BESS yelanga](https://www.midapower.com/) kanye [nezilawuli zokuphathwa kwamandla ezihlanganisiwe](https://www.midapower.com/) ukuze uthole imodeli yokusebenza ethile yesayithi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi sokushaja se-BESS selanga?Ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kwelanga emotweni kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni kuvame ukuba ngu-75–85%. Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu okungenakugwenywa ukuguqulwa kwemodyuli ye-PV; ukulahlekelwa okungalawuleki kuncishiswa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-DC kanye nesitoreji se-LFP esipholile ngoketshezi.

2. Kuyini ukusebenza kahle kohambo oluya nokubuya ku-BESS?Ukusebenza kahle kokuhamba nokubuya yiphesenti lamandla agcinwe ebhethri abuyiselwa ekukhishweni. Izinhlelo ze-LFP zanamuhla ezipholile ngoketshezi zifinyelela ku-93–96% RTE ngamanani ajwayelekile angu-0.5C.

3. Okuhlanganiswe yi-DC noma okuhlanganiswe yi-AC: yikuphi okusebenza kahle kakhulu?Ukuxhumanisa kwe-DC kungamaphesenti angu-3–7 asebenza kahle kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni ngoba amandla aguqulwa kanye esikhundleni sokushintshwa kabili noma kathathu. Ukuxhumanisa kwe-AC kusasebenza kuphela ekufakweni kabusha kwamashaja e-AC akhona.

4. Ngidinga amandla elanga angakanani esiteshini esisebenza ndawonye?Umthetho ojwayelekile u-0.5–0.8 kWp we-PV nge-kW yomthamo wokushaja, kanye nebhethri elilingana no-1–1.5 kWh nge-kW yomthamo wokushaja — elilungiselelwe ukukhanya kwendawo, amaphrofayili weseshini, kanye nama-grid caps.

5. Ingabe isiteshi esisebenza ndawonye sisadinga uxhumano lwegridi?Yebo, cishe kuzo zonke izimo. Ilanga kanye nendawo yokugcina izinto kungamboza ingxenye enkulu yesidingo, kodwa igridi inikeza ukuhlinzekwa okuyisisekelo, ukumbozwa kwasebusika nasebusuku, kanye nokuthobela imithetho (isib., ukusebenza kwe-zero-export).

6. Amaphaneli elanga namabhethri ahlala isikhathi esingakanani kulolu hlelo lokusebenza?Amamojula e-PV aneziqinisekiso zokusebenza zeminyaka engu-25-30; amabhethri e-LFP apholiswe ngoketshezi aklanyelwe imijikelezo engu-8,000-10,000 (iminyaka engu-12-20 yokushaja), uma kuqhathaniswa nemijikelezo engu-4,000-6,000 yamaphakethe ajwayelekile apholiswe ngomoya.

7. Yiziphi izitifiketi okumele uhlelo oluphelele lube nazo?I-UL 9540A/IEC 62933 (ukuphepha kwesitoreji), i-IEC 61851 kanye ne-ISO 15118 (ukushaja), i-IEC 61215/IEC 62109 (i-PV kanye ne-inverter), kanye nokuhambisana nekhodi yegridi yendawo — okungcono kakhulu ukulethwa njengephakheji eyodwa yesitifiketi evela kumhlinzeki oyedwa.