Ingancin Tashoshin Cajin BESS na Hasken Rana guda ɗaya

Amsa Mai Sauri

Tashar caji ta hasken rana ta BESS mai cikakken iko tana haɗa samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana, ajiyar batir, da kuma cajin EV a cikin tsarin injiniya guda ɗaya, kuma ingancinsa ya fi kyau a fahimce shi daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe: hasken rana zuwa ƙafafun. Tsarin zamani da aka haɗa sun cimma ingancin wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana zuwa batir na kashi 95-98%, ingancin wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da hasken rana zuwa batir na kashi 93-96% tare da ƙwayoyin LFP masu sanyaya ruwa, da kuma ingancin isar da caji na kashi 96-98% akan bas ɗin DC - cikakken ingancin wutar lantarki daga hasken rana zuwa abin hawa na kusan kashi 75-85% dangane da tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Babban fa'idar tsarin da aka haɗa ba rikodin abubuwa ɗaya bane amma kawar da asarar juyawa, maƙallan da aka kwafi, da kuma sarrafawa marasa jituwa waɗanda ke addabar PV, ajiya, da caja daban-daban. Ga masu wurin da ke kwatanta fasahohi, ma'aunin da ke da mahimmanci shine kWh na makamashin da ake sabuntawa wanda aka isar wa motoci a kowace kW da aka shigar - kuma tsarin da aka haɗa ya yi nasara akan wannan ma'aunin.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• Tashoshin caji na BESS masu amfani da hasken rana guda ɗaya suna canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin abin hawa a cikin inganci na kashi 75-85% daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe, wanda ya mamaye asarar da ke dawowa da kuma asarar inverter.
• Tsarin haɗin DC yana adana maki 3-7 na inganci idan aka kwatanta da madadin haɗin AC ta hanyar kawar da juyawa sau biyu.
• Haɗaɗɗen tsarin kula da zafi (sanyar ruwa don batir da na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki) yana ƙara inganci mai ɗorewa kuma yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar sassan.
• Mai samarwa ɗaya, tsarin sarrafawa ɗaya, fakitin takaddun shaida ɗaya: haɗakarwa tana rage farashin injiniya, shigarwa, da aiwatarwa da kimanin kashi 15-30% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin masu siyarwa da yawa.
• Gudanar da makamashi mai wayo yana ba da fifiko ga amfani da hasken rana da kansa, rage siyan hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma daidaita umarnin EU, Amurka, da Asiya.

Menene Tashar Cajin Hasken Rana ta BESS Mai Cike da Ɗaya?

Ka yi tunanin tashar hutu ta babbar hanya a kudancin Faransa. Tashoshin caji guda takwas suna ƙarƙashin rufin hasken rana. A bayan tashohin akwai ƙaramin katanga - kusan sawun kwantena biyu na jigilar kaya - wanda ke ɗauke da fakitin batirin, kayan aikin canza wutar lantarki, da madaukai masu sanyaya ruwa. Wani mai kera ya samar da tsarin gaba ɗaya, mai sarrafawa ɗaya yana daidaita kowace kwararar makamashi, kuma wata ƙungiyar mai aiki ta fara shi cikin mako guda.

Wannan shine ra'ayi ɗaya: samar da PV, ajiyar batir, da kuma caji cikin sauri na DC da aka kawo a matsayin samfuri ɗaya mai takardar shaida maimakon ƙananan tsarin guda uku da aka haɗa a wurin. Kasuwa ta ci gaba da tafiya a wannan hanyar. Masu gudanar da hanyoyin rarrabawa suna ƙara iyakance ƙarfin haɗin sabbin wuraren caji, kuma masu mallakar wurin sun gano cewa ƙirar ajiyar hasken rana da aka haɗa ta ba su damar yin hidima ga motoci da yawa a kowace kilowatt na haɗin grid. A lokaci guda, rikodin ingancin matakin sassa ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da tattalin arzikin makamashi na matakin tsarin - wanda shine ainihin inda haɗin kai ya yi nasara.

Inda Aka Ci Nasara Kuma Aka Rasa Inganci

Kowace juyawar makamashi a cikin sarkar tana rasa ɗan zafi. Fahimtar asarar tana gaya muku inda za ku buƙaci ingantaccen injiniya:

Fahimta guda biyu sun fito daga wannan teburin. Na farko, ɓangaren PV da kansa ne ke mamaye kasafin kuɗi na asara - amma wannan asara ta zahiri ce kuma ba makawa a matakin module. Na biyu, daga cikin asarar da za a iya sarrafawa, tsarin juyawa da dawowar baturi shine inda shawarwarin injiniya suka fi muhimmanci. Tsarin haɗin DC wanda ke cajin baturi kai tsaye daga jerin PV kuma yana fitarwa kai tsaye zuwa bas ɗin DC na caja yana guje wa cikakken juyawa guda biyu da ƙirar haɗin AC ke yi. Waɗannan juyawar da aka guji suna da darajar maki 3-7 na ingancin ƙarshe-zuwa-ƙarshe - dubban kWh a kowace shekara a wurin da ke cike da aiki.

Inganci da Tsarin Haɗawa na Tafiya Zagaye

Mafi mahimmancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai guda ɗaya ga tashar caji ta BESS ta hasken rana shine ingancin batirin da zagayawa (RTE): ƙaramin kuzarin da aka saka a cikin batirin da ke dawowa. Sinadarin LFP a cikin tsarin sanyaya ruwa na zamani yana samar da kashi 93–96% RTE a ƙimar caji da fitarwa na 0.5C. Tsarin sanyaya yana da mahimmanci kamar sinadaran: kowane 10°C na zafin jiki na tantanin halitta yana haɓaka haɓakar juriya ta ciki kuma yana cinye RTE.

AC-Coupled vs DC-Coupled vs Hybrid

Ga sabon gini tare da tsarin hasken rana da ajiya tare, haɗin DC shine zaɓi na farko na inganci. Hakanan yana rage adadin inverter - ƙarancin wutar lantarki, ƙarancin zafi, ƙarancin kayan taimako, ingantaccen aminci. Haɗin AC yana riƙe da rawa a cikin sake gyara inda dole ne a sake amfani da caja na AC da ke akwai, amma hukuncin inganci gaskiya ne kuma ya kamata a ƙididdige shi a cikin yanayin kasuwanci.

Amfani da Kai: Ingancin da Ya Bayyana a Dokar

Mafi kyawun ma'aunin inganci ga tashar caji ta BESS ta hasken rana ba RTE ta dakin gwaje-gwaje ba ne amma ƙimar amfani da kanta: rabon samar da hasken rana da ake amfani da shi a wurin maimakon fitar da shi. Tashar da ke da kashi 85% na amfani da kanta tana siyan makamashin grid mai ƙarancin yawa fiye da wanda ke fitarwa da tsakar rana da kuma shigo da shi da daddare.

Tsarin sarrafa makamashi na zamani (EMS) yana cimma babban amfani da kansa tare da ayyuka guda huɗu masu daidaitawa:

1. Fifikon PV kai tsaye zuwa abin hawa— hasken rana yana ba wa caja wutar lantarki da farko, a ainihin lokaci. 2.Baturi a matsayin ma'ajiyar bayanai— ƙarin hasken rana yana cajin batirin maimakon a fitar da shi waje. 3.Santsi na shigo da grid— batirin yana rufe gibin lokacin da hasken rana ya faɗi ƙasa da buƙatar caji, yana riƙe da jan grid a matakin ƙasa da akai-akai. 4.Sanin lokacin amfani- fitar da makamashin batir mai yawa a lokacin kololuwar farashin, ba don a fitar da shi ba.

Masu aiki sun ba da rahoton cewa haɗin gwiwar sarrafa EMS yana ƙara yawan amfani da kai da maki 15-25 idan aka kwatanta da tsarin sassan daban-daban, saboda mai sarrafawa yana ganin fitowar PV, SOC na baturi, da buƙatar caja a lokaci guda.

Capex da Opex: Abin da Haɗin kai ke Ajiyewa Ainihin

Sau da yawa ba a rage darajar tanadin haɗaka ba saboda an bazu su a cikin sayayya, shigarwa, da ayyuka - shi ya sa masu aiki da ke kimantawa [tsarin tashoshin caji na BESS masu haɗakar rana](https://www.midapower.com/) ya kamata su yi samfurin jimillar kuɗin da aka shigar, ba farashin kayan aiki ba:

Tsarin ya yi daidai: haɗin kai yana kawar da kwafin injiniya, kayan aikin juyawa masu yawa, da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke kashe kuɗi don tsarawa, shigarwa, da kulawa. A kan wani rukunin yanar gizo mai girman MW 1, tanadin farko da aka rubuta na kashi 15-30% na yau da kullun ne, kuma tarin tanadin O&M na shekara-shekara a tsawon shekaru 15-20 na tsarin.

Bayanin Aiki na Gaske

Yi la'akari da tashar caji ta BESS mai amfani da hasken rana wadda ke ba da caji na DC mai ƙarfin 6 × 180 kW a wani babban fili na hidimar babbar hanya a Spain:

• Rufin rana: 400 kWp, yana samar da ~ 600 MWh/shekara.
• BESS: LFP mai sanyaya ruwa 600 kWh, tsawon lokacin ƙira na zagaye 10,000.
• Haɗin grid: 250 kVA — kusan kashi 40% na abin da caja shida masu ƙarfin 180 kW za su buƙata ba tare da ajiya ba.
• Bayanan yau da kullun: ƙarfin hasken rana yana kaiwa 300 kW da ƙarfe 14:00; buƙatar caji yana kaiwa 500 kW da ƙarfe 19:00. Batirin yana caji ne daga yawan hasken rana da rana kuma yana tallafawa kololuwar dare, yayin da jan grid ɗin ba ya wuce 180 kW.

Tsawon shekara guda, wannan bayanin martaba yana samar da kusan 1,100 MWh na makamashin caji, wanda kusan kashi 45% ya fito ne daga tsarin adana hasken rana, sauran kuma ya fito ne daga grid a lokacin da ba a cika samun wutar lantarki ba. Ingancin farashin makamashin da mai aiki ke kashewa a kowace kWh yana ƙasa da kashi 30-50% a ƙasa da wurin da aka yi amfani da grid kawai, kafin a ƙidaya tanadin kuɗin da ake kashewa.

Ma'auni, Tsaro, da Tsawon Rai

Tsarin da ke cikin-ɗaya yana tattara fasahohi uku da aka tsara a cikin wani wuri, don haka iyakokin takaddun shaida suna da mahimmanci:

• Tsaron ajiya: UL 9540A / IEC 62933 gwajin wuta da na'urar thermal, tare da sanyaya ruwa a matsayin babban shingen zafi.
• Cajin ke dubawa: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 (Filogi & Caji), da OCPP 2.0.1 don haɗa hanyar sadarwa.
• Hasken rana da lantarkiIEC 61215 don kayayyaki, IEC 62109 don amincin inverter.
• Lambar Grid: buƙatun haɗin gida don duka hanyoyin aiki na fitarwa mai iyaka da kuma sifili.

Fakitin batirin da aka sanyaya da ruwa suna kiyaye daidaiton zafin jiki tsakanin tantanin halitta da tantanin halitta a cikin ±2 °C, wanda shine mabuɗin rayuwar ƙirar zagaye 10,000 da kuma daidaiton RTE kowace shekara. Fakitin da aka sanyaya da iska, akasin haka, yawanci suna ganin digiri 5-8 °C a cikin fakitin, suna hanzarta tsufa na ƙwayoyin da suka fi zafi kuma suna rage ingancin tsarin akan lokaci.

Kammalawa

Ingancin tashar caji ta BESS mai amfani da hasken rana gaba ɗaya mallakar tsarin ne, ba takamaiman kayan aiki ba. Haɗin DC, ajiyar LFP mai sanyaya ruwa, da haɗin gwiwar EMS sun haɗu don samar da inganci na hasken rana zuwa abin hawa 75-85%, ƙimar amfani da kai sama da 80%, da kuma tanadi na farko na 15-30% idan aka kwatanta da ginin masu siyarwa da yawa. Ga masu aiki a manyan hanyoyi, jiragen ruwa, da masu gidaje na kasuwanci waɗanda ke kimanta cajin hasken rana a wurin, tsarin da aka haɗa shine amsar injiniya mai kariya: ƙarancin juyawa, ƙarancin hanyoyin sadarwa, ƙarancin hanyoyin gazawa, da kuma mafi kyawun yanayin kasuwanci. Bincika [tsarin tsarin caji na rana BESS](https://www.midapower.com/) da [sarrafa sarrafa makamashi mai haɗawa](https://www.midapower.com/) don ƙirar aiki na musamman a wurin.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Menene ingancin tashar caji ta BESS mai amfani da hasken rana?Ingancin hasken rana daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe daga motoci yawanci shine kashi 75–85%. Babban asara da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba shine canza tsarin PV; ana rage asara da za a iya sarrafawa ta hanyar haɗa DC da ajiyar LFP mai sanyaya ruwa.

2. Menene ingancin tafiya da dawowa a cikin BESS?Ingancin tafiya da dawowa shine kaso na kuzarin da aka adana a cikin batirin da aka dawo dashi bayan an fitar da shi. Tsarin LFP na zamani mai sanyaya ruwa yana samun kashi 93–96% na RTE a matsakaicin ƙimar 0.5C.

3. Haɗin DC ko Haɗin AC: wanne ya fi inganci?Haɗin DC yana da maki 3-7 cikin ɗari mafi inganci daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe saboda ana canza makamashi sau ɗaya maimakon sau biyu ko uku. Haɗin AC yana da amfani ne kawai don sake haɗa na'urorin caji na AC da ke akwai.

4. Nawa ne kudin wutar lantarki ta hasken rana nake buƙata don tashar da ke da dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata?Dokar gama gari ita ce 0.5–0.8 kWp na PV a kowace kW na ƙarfin caji, tare da girman batirin a 1–1.5 kWh a kowace kW na ƙarfin caji - an daidaita shi don hasken gida, bayanan zaman, da murfi na grid.

5. Shin tashar da ke cikin ɗaya har yanzu tana buƙatar haɗin grid?Eh, a kusan dukkan lokuta. Hasken rana da ajiya na iya biyan babban kaso na buƙata, amma layin wutar lantarki yana ba da wadatar asali, ɗaukar hoto na hunturu da dare, da kuma bin ƙa'idodi (misali, aikin fitar da kaya ba tare da fitarwa ba).

6. Har yaushe ne faifan hasken rana da batura za su daɗe a wannan aikace-aikacen?Na'urorin PV suna ɗauke da garantin aiki na shekaru 25-30; an tsara batirin LFP mai sanyaya ruwa don zagayowar 8,000-10,000 (shekaru 12-20 na caji), idan aka kwatanta da zagayowar 4,000-6,000 don fakitin sanyaya iska na yau da kullun.

7. Waɗanne takaddun shaida ne tsarin da ya ƙunshi dukkan abubuwa dole ne ya kasance?UL 9540A/IEC 62933 (amincin ajiya), IEC 61851 da ISO 15118 (caji), IEC 61215/IEC 62109 (PV da inverter), tare da bin ƙa'idodin lambar grid na gida - mafi kyawun isarwa azaman fakitin takardar shaida ɗaya daga mai samarwa guda ɗaya.