Ingufu za sitasiyo za BESS zo gushyushya imirasire y'izuba zose muri imwe

Igisubizo cyihuse

Sitasiyo ya BESS yo gusarura imirasire y'izuba ihuza amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic, kubika bateri, no gusarura amashanyarazi ya EV muri sisitemu imwe yakozwe, kandi imikorere yayo irumvikana neza kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera: urumuri rw'izuba rugera ku mapine. Imiterere igezweho ihujwe igera ku mikorere ya DC ihuza imirasire y'izuba na bateri ya 95-98%, ikorana na bateri igera ku 93-96% hamwe na selile za LFP zikonjeshejwe n'amazi, kandi ikorana na 96-98% mu gutanga amashanyarazi kuri bisi ya DC - imikorere rusange ihuza imirasire y'izuba na bateri ya 75-85% bitewe n'imiterere y'aho ihurira. Inyungu ikomeye y'imiterere ihujwe si amateka y'igice kimwe ahubwo ni ukuvanaho igihombo cyo guhindura, ahantu habiri, n'uburyo budahuye bugaragara mu ikoranabuhanga rya PV, ububiko, na chargers. Ku ba nyir'ahantu bagereranya ikoranabuhanga, igipimo cy'ingenzi ni kWh y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa zitangwa ku modoka kuri kW imwe - kandi sisitemu zihujwe zitsinda kuri icyo gipimo.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Ibikoresho byo gusaruza imirasire y'izuba bya BESS byose hamwe bihindura imirasire y'izuba mo ingufu z'ibinyabiziga ku kigero cya 75–85% mu buryo bwiza kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku mpera, byiganjemo gutakaza batiri no kugaruka ndetse n'igihombo cya inverter.
• Imiterere y’ibikoresho bya DC irinda amanota 3-7 ku ijana y’imikorere myiza ugereranyije n’ibindi bikoresho bya AC binyuze mu gukuraho impinduka ebyiri.
• Gucunga ubushyuhe mu buryo buhuriweho (gukonjesha amazi kuri bateri n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ingufu) byongera imikorere myiza kandi bikongera igihe cyo kubaho kw'ibice byabyo.
• Umutanga serivisi umwe, sisitemu imwe yo kugenzura, paki imwe yo kwemeza: guhuza bigabanya ikiguzi cy’ubuhanga, gushyiraho, no gutanga serivisi ku kigero cya 15–30% ugereranyije na sisitemu zigurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi.
• Gucunga ingufu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishyize imbere ikoreshwa ry'izuba, kugabanya kugura grid no guhuza n'amabwiriza y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, Amerika na Aziya.

Sitasiyo yo Gushyushya Izuba ya BESS ikoresha ingufu z'izuba zose hamwe ni iki?

Tekereza aho imodoka zihagarara mu majyepfo y'u Bufaransa. Hari ahantu umunani ho gushyushya umuriro munsi y'ingufu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba. Inyuma y'aho hantu hari agace gato k'ubusitani - hafi y'aho imodoka ebyiri zohereza ibicuruzwa ziherereye - karimo bateri, ibikoresho byo guhindura ingufu, n'imiyoboro yo gukonjesha amazi. Uruganda rumwe rwatanze sisitemu yose, umugenzuzi umwe ahuza buri ruziga rw'ingufu, kandi itsinda rimwe ryabitangije mu cyumweru kimwe.

Icyo ni igitekerezo cy’ibintu byose muri kimwe: gukora PV, kubika bateri, no gusharija vuba bya DC bitangwa nk'ikintu kimwe cyemewe aho kuba uduce dutatu duto dufatanye aho. Isoko ryateye imbere muri iki cyerekezo. Abashinzwe imiyoboro y'itumanaho barushaho gukata ubushobozi bwo guhuza ahantu hashya ho gusharija, kandi ba nyir'aho bavumbuye ko imiterere y'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ituma bakoresha imodoka nyinshi kuri kilowati imwe y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, amateka y'imikorere y'ibice by'amashanyarazi nta gaciro afite kuruta ubukungu bw'ingufu ku rwego rwa sisitemu - ari naho ubufatanye butsindira.

Aho Umusaruro Uboneka Ugatakaza

Ihinduka ryose ry'ingufu mu muyoboro ritakaza ubushyuhe buke. Gusobanukirwa igihombo bikubwira aho ugomba gusaba ubuhanga bwiza:

Muri iyi mbonerahamwe hagaragara ibitekerezo bibiri. Ubwa mbere, panel ya PV ubwayo niyo igenga ingengo y'imari y'igihombo - ariko icyo gihombo ni ikintu gifatika kandi ntigishobora kwirindwa ku rwego rwa module. Icya kabiri, mu bihombo bishobora kugenzurwa, inzira yo gusubiramo no guhindura bateri niho ibyemezo by'ubuhanga bigira akamaro cyane. Sisitemu ihujwe na DC ishyira umuriro kuri bateri iva kuri PV array hanyuma igasohoka kuri DC bus ya charger yirinda impinduka ebyiri zuzuye nk'uko igishushanyo mbonera cya AC gikora. Izo mpinduka zakuweho zifite agaciro ka 3-7 ku ijana by'imikorere kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera - ibihumbi bya kWh ku mwaka ahantu hahuze.

Uburyo bwo gukora ingendo no kugaruka n'uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu

Igipimo cy'ingenzi cyane ku ishashi ry'izuba rya BESS ni uburyo bateri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi (RTE): igice cy'ingufu zishyirwa muri bateri igaruka. Ubutabire bwa LFP muri sisitemu zigezweho zikonjeshwa n'amazi butanga RTE ya 93–96% ku gipimo cya 0.5C cyo gushyushya no gusohora. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha ifite akamaro kanini kimwe na shimi: buri dogere selisiyusi 10 z'ubushyuhe bw'uturemangingo buzamuka hejuru y'ubunini butuma ubushyuhe bw'imbere buzamuka kandi bugatera RTE kwiyongera.

AC-Coupled vs DC-Coupled vs Hybrid

Ku bwubatsi bushya bufite imirasire y'izuba n'ububiko byabugenewe hamwe, DC coupling ni yo mahitamo ya mbere mu mikorere myiza. Igabanya kandi umubare w'inverter — ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bike, ubushyuhe buke, imizigo mike y'inyongera, kandi irushaho kwizerwa. AC coupling igumana uruhare mu kongera gukora aho AC chargers zisanzwe zigomba kongera gukoreshwa, ariko igihano cyo gukora neza ni ukuri kandi kigomba kubarwa mu bucuruzi.

Kwiyishyurira: Ingufu zigaragara ku mushinga w'itegeko

Igipimo cy'ingirakamaro cyane ku mikorere myiza ya sitasiyo ya BESS yo gushyushya imirasire y'izuba si RTE yo muri laboratwari ahubwo ni igipimo cyo kwikoresha: igice cy'ingufu zikoreshwa aho zikorerwa aho aho koherezwa mu mahanga. Sitasiyo ifite 85% by'ingufu zikoreshwa ubwayo igura ingufu nke cyane z'amashanyarazi ugereranyije n'iyoherezwa mu mahanga saa sita z'amanywa ikayitumiza nijoro.

Sisitemu zigezweho zo gucunga ingufu (EMS) zikoresha ingufu zazo cyane, zifite inshingano enye zihujwe:

1. Gushyira imbere PV ijya ku modoka mu buryo butaziguye— Imirasire y'izuba ni yo ibanza guha ingufu chargers, mu gihe nyacyo. 2.Bateri nk'aho ari buffer— Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zishyuza bateri aho kuyitumiza hanze. 3.Gutunganya grid yo kwinjiza— Bateri itwikira icyuho iyo imirasire y'izuba igabanutse cyane, igafata gridi ku rwego rwo hasi kandi ruhoraho. 4.Kumenya igihe cyo gukoresha— ingufu nyinshi za bateri zisohoka mu gihe cy'ibiciro birenga, atari ukugira ngo zisohoke.

Abakoresha bavuga ko uburyo bwo kugenzura EMS buhuriweho byongera amanota 15-25 ku ijana ugereranije na sisitemu zigizwe n'ibice bitandukanye, kuko icyuma gipima amashanyarazi kibona umusaruro wa PV, SOC ya bateri, n'ikoreshwa rya charger icyarimwe.

Capex na Opex: Icyo Integration Ikiza mu by'ukuri

Izigama zo gushyira hamwe akenshi ntizikunze gufatwa nk'izisanzwe kuko zikwirakwira mu kugura, gushyiramo, n'ibikorwa - niyo mpamvu abakora isuzuma [imiterere y'ibicanwa bya BESS by'izuba] (https://www.midapower.com/) bagomba kugaragaza ikiguzi cyose cyashyizweho, atari ibiciro by'ibice:

Imiterere irahamye: guhuza bikuraho ikoranabuhanga ryiyongera, ibikoresho byo guhindura ibikoresho bidakoreshwa, hamwe n'imiyoboro itwara amafaranga mu gushushanya, gushyiramo no kubungabunga. Ku rubuga rwa MW 1, ubwizigame bwa mbere bwanditseho 15–30% ni ibintu bisanzwe, kandi ubwizigame bwa O&M buri mwaka bugizwe n'ibice 15–20 by'ubuzima bwa sisitemu.

Imiterere y'imikorere y'Isi Nyayo

Tekereza kuri sitasiyo ya BESS yo gusharija imirasire y'izuba itanga shariji za DC za 6 × 180 kW ku muhanda munini muri Esipanye:

• Igisenge cy'izuba: 400 kWp, itanga ~ 600 MWh ku mwaka.
• BESS: 600 kWh LFP ikonjeshejwe n'amazi, imiterere yayo imara igihe cy'amasaha 10.000.
• Uguhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi: 250 kVA — hafi 40% by'ibyo charger esheshatu za kW 180 zakenera zitabitse.
• Umwirondoro wa buri munsi: ingufu z'izuba ziyongera ku 300 kW saa 14h00; ubwinshi bw'abakoresha ingufu z'izuba buzamuka ku 500 kW saa 19h00. Bateri irusha ingufu z'izuba nyuma ya saa sita kandi igashyigikira imbaraga z'izuba nimugoroba, mu gihe ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitarenga 180 kW.

Mu gihe cy'umwaka, iyi mibare itanga ingufu zingana na MWh 1.100 z'amashanyarazi, aho hafi 45% biva mu bubiko bw'izuba naho ibindi biva mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi ku gipimo kitari icy'umuvuduko. Ikiguzi cy'ingufu gikoreshwa n'umukoresha kuri kWh kuri kWh kiri hagati ya 30–50% n'aho ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa gusa, mbere yo kubara amafaranga azigamwa n'abashaka kuyakoresha.

Amahame ngenderwaho, Umutekano, n'Iramba

Sisitemu yose muri imwe ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ritatu rigenzurwa mu gace kamwe, bityo urwego rw'impamyabumenyi ni ingenzi:

• Umutekano mu bubiko: Isuzuma rya UL 9540A / IEC 62933 ry’umuriro n’ubushyuhe, hamwe n’ubukonje bw’amazi nk’urukuta rw’ibanze rw’ubushyuhe.
• Uburyo bwo gusharija: IEC 61851, ISO 15118 (Plug & Charge), na OCPP 2.0.1 yo guhuza umuyoboro.
• Izuba n'amashanyarazi: IEC 61215 ku byerekeye modules, IEC 62109 ku bijyanye n'umutekano wa inverter.
• Kode y'urusobe rw'amakuru: ibisabwa mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga haba mu buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga buciriritse ndetse no mu buryo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ntarengwa.

Udupaki twa bateri dukonjeshejwe n'amazi dukomeza ubushyuhe bungana hagati ya ± 2 °C, ari nabyo bifasha mu gihe cy'impinduka 10.000 no kugira RTE ihoraho umwaka ushize. Udupaki twakonjeshejwe n'umwuka, mu buryo bunyuranye, dukunze kubona ubushyuhe bwa 5-8 °C muri paki, bigatuma uturemangingo dushyuha cyane turushaho gusaza kandi bigatuma sisitemu irushaho gukora neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Umwanzuro

Ubushobozi bw'ikigo cyo gushyushya imirasire y'izuba cya BESS cyose muri kimwe ni imiterere ya sisitemu, ntabwo ari umwihariko w'ibice. Guhuza DC, kubika LFP ikonjeshejwe n'amazi, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura EMS buhuriweho bihuza kugira ngo bitange umusaruro mwiza wa 75-85% ku mirasire y'izuba ku modoka, ibipimo byo kwiyishyurira biri hejuru ya 80%, no kuzigama amafaranga ya mbere ya 15-30% ugereranije n'inyubako z'abacuruzi benshi. Ku bakora imihanda minini, abacuruzi, n'abafite amazu basuzuma uburyo bwo gushyushya imirasire y'izuba ku kibuga, imiterere ihuriweho ni igisubizo cy'ubuhanga: guhindura ibintu bike, guhuza ibintu bike, uburyo bwo gucika intege buhoro, n'uburyo bwiza bw'ubucuruzi. Suzuma [imiterere ya sisitemu yo gushyushya imirasire y'izuba ya BESS] (https://www.midapower.com/) na [igenzura ry'imicungire y'ingufu] (https://www.midapower.com/) kugira ngo ubone icyitegererezo cy'imikorere yihariye ku kibuga.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gushyushya umuriro w'izuba wa BESS?Ubusanzwe imikorere myiza y'izuba hagati y'imodoka n'izuba kuva ku nshuro ya mbere kugeza ku nshuro ya nyuma ni 75–85%. Igihombo kinini cyane gishobora kwirindwa ni uguhindura module za PV; igihombo gishobora kugenzurwa kigabanuka iyo DC coupling na liquid-cooled LFP storage.

2. Ni iki gisobanura imikorere myiza mu rugendo rwo kugaruka no kugaruka muri BESS?Uburyo bwo gukora neza mu rugendo rwo kugaruka ni igipimo cy'ingufu zibikwa muri batiri zisubizwa iyo zisohotse. Sisitemu zigezweho za LFP zikonjeshejwe n'amazi zigera kuri 93–96% RTE ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 0.5C.

3. DC-coupled cyangwa AC-coupled: ni iyihe ikora neza kurusha iyindi?Guhuza DC bifite amanota 3-7 ku ijana bikora neza kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera kuko ingufu zihindurwa rimwe aho kuba inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu. Guhuza AC biracyafite akamaro gusa mu kongera gushyiramo chargers za AC zisanzwe.

4. Nkeneye ingufu zingana iki kugira ngo nshinge sitasiyo ikora byose hamwe?Itegeko risanzwe ni 0.5–0.8 kWp ya PV kuri kW y'ubushobozi bwo gusharija, hamwe na bateri ifite ingano ya 1–1.5 kWh kuri kW y'ubushobozi bwo gusharija — yahinduwe hakurikijwe imirasire yo mu gace, imiterere y'igihe, n'imigozi y'urukuta.

5. Ese sitasiyo ikora byose hamwe iracyakeneye umurongo w'amashanyarazi?Yego, hafi ya byose. Imirasire y'izuba n'ububiko bishobora gutanga umusaruro munini w'ibikenewe, ariko ikoranabuhanga ritanga umusaruro w'ibanze, ubwishingizi bw'imbeho n'ijoro, ndetse n'amategeko akurikizwa (urugero, nta bikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga).

6. Ibyuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba n'amabateri bimara igihe kingana iki muri ubu buryo?Module za PV zifite garanti y'imikorere y'imyaka 25-30; bateri za LFP zikonjeshejwe n'amazi zagenewe amagare 8.000-10.000 (imyaka 12-20 yo gusharija), mu gihe bateri 4.000-6.000 zo mu mapaki asanzwe akonjeshejwe n'umwuka.

7. Ni izihe mpamyabumenyi zigomba kuba zifite sisitemu yose muri imwe?UL 9540A/IEC 62933 (umutekano wo kubika), IEC 61851 na ISO 15118 (gushyiramo amafaranga), IEC 61215/IEC 62109 (PV na inverter), hamwe n'amategeko agenga gridi y'amashanyarazi yo mu gace — ni byiza gutanga ipaki imwe y'impamyabushobozi iturutse ku mucuruzi umwe.