Te Hanganga Hangarau o te Whakamahinga EV Atamai: Te Taurite Utaina Hihiri me te Arotautanga BESS

Te Hanganga Hangarau Whānui o te Utu EV Atamai: Te Whakatutuki i te Taurite Utaina Hihiri mā roto i ngā Porowhita Whakahaere Matatau, te Whakaurunga Kapua-Rohe, te Arotautanga Maha-Pūngao me te PV me te BESS, me te Whakahaere Pūmautanga Matapae Whānui

Upoko 1: He Kupu Whakataki ki te Whakatakotoranga EV Atamai me te Hiahia o te Taurite Utaina Hihiri (DLB)

Kāore te whakawhiti ā-ao ki te nekeneke hiko i te mea noa iho, engari he pou matua o te whakakorenga o te rāngai kawe waka. I te mea e whakakapia ana ngā miriona waka miihini mura ā-roto (ICE) e ngā Waka Hiko (EV), kei te neke te hiahia mō te hiko mai i ngā wahie wai ki te whatunga hiko. He wero nui tēnei mō ngā hanganga hiko i hangaia i roto i ngā tau maha kua pahure. Ko te āhua wā-poto me te kaha-teitei o te utu EV ka arahi pea ki te pupū o te whatunga ā-rohe, te hekenga o te whakawhiti hiko, ā, i te mutunga, ki ngā rahunga kino mena kāore e whakahaerea tika.

Ko te Whakamahinga EV Atamai te piriti hangarau i waenga i te pikinga o te hiahia mō te nekenekehanga me ngā herenga ā-tinana o te whatunga hiko. Ko te whakamahinga atamai he mea e pā ana ki te mātauranga—te mōhio ki te wā, ki te tere, me te kaupapa matua me whakamahi te EV. Heoi, ko te wāhanga tino nui i roto i tēnei paparanga mātauranga ko te Taurite Utaina Hihiri (DLB).

Ko te Taurite Utaina Hihiri ko te tukanga o te aroturuki tonu i te kaha hiko e wātea ana o tētahi wāhi, me te tohatoha i taua hiko i waenga i ngā rihi EV hohe i te wā tūturu. Ki te kore he DLB, ka akiakihia tētahi whare, tētahi teihana utu rānei ki te mahi i tētahi rohe pumau, e ai ki te "tūāhua kino rawa atu" o te kawenga tihi. Ka arahi tēnei ki ngā ngoikoretanga nui: kāore i te rawaka ngā taputapu o te wāhi, ka puhoi te utu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, me whakapai ake rānei te hanganga o te wāhi i ngā utu nui hei whakahaere i ngā tihi ariā e puta ana mō ngā haora torutoru noa iho i te wiki.

E toru ngā take matua e hiahiatia ai te DLB:

1. Te Tiakitanga o ngā HangangaTe ārai i te pakaru o ngā whati hiko matua, me te tiaki i ngā whakawhiti hiko mai i te wera nui.
2. Te Whai Huatanga ŌhangaTe karo i ngā utu tono nui me ngā utu nui o te whakapai ake i ngā panera ratonga, i ngā whatunga tohatoha ā-rohe rānei.
3. Te Makona o te KaiwhakamahiTe whakanui ake i te tere utu mō ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa mā te whakamahi atamai i ia kilowatt-haora o te kaha e wātea ana.

I roto i tēnei tūhuratanga hangarau hōhonu, ka tātarihia e mātou ngā tikanga o te DLB, mai i ngā porowhita whakahaere taumata-mīriti-hekona e whakahaere ana i ngā hikohiko mana ki te whakaritenga kapua o ngā mano tini o ngā pūwāhi utu. Ka tirohia e mātou te whanaketanga o te DLB ina whakauruhia ki ngā puna pūngao whakahou pēnei i te Photovoltaics (PV) me ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Pūngao Pūhiko (BESS), me te pehea e taea ai e te whakatauira matapae te tuku i ngā pokapū utu nui ki te matapae i ngā huringa whatunga i mua i te puta. I a tātou e anga whakamua ana ki tētahi heke mai kāore te EV e noho hei kaihoko noa engari hei rauemi pūngao tohatoha, he mea nui te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te DLB mō ngā kaihangarau, ngā kaiwhakamahere tāone, me ngā kaiwhakarato pūngao.

Upoko 2: Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Taurite Utaina Hihiri

Hei mārama ki te mahi a te DLB, me mārama tuatahi ki te huarahi "Pūmau". I roto i te taiao taurite kawenga pūmau, ka whakawhiwhia ki ia rihi he nui o te iahiko kua whakaritea. Hei tauira, mena he rohe 100A te rahinga o tētahi whare, ā, e 5 ngā rihi, ka herea pea ia rihi ki te 20A. Mena kotahi anake te waka e utu ana, ka whiwhi tonu i te 20A, ka moumou te 80A o te kaha e wātea ana. I tetahi atu taha, mena kei te utu katoa ngā waka e 5, ā, ka tahuri tetahi i tētahi pūnaha HVAC kaha-teitei i roto i te whare, ka neke atu pea te kawenga katoa i te 100A, ka puta he pōuri.

Ka whakakapia tēnei tohatoha pakari e te DLB ki tētahi pūnaha rere, urupare hoki. Ko te kaupapa matua he porowhita urupare i waenga i te "Kāore e Wātea ana" me te "Tono Utu Kaha".

Te Pūtake Pāngarau

I tōna māmā noa iho, ka taea te whakaatu i te DLB mā te whārite e whai ake nei:P_e_available_for_EVs(t) = P_total_limit – P_non_EV_loads(t)

Kei hea:

• P_tapeke_hereko te rohe ā-tinana, ā-kirimana rānei o te pae.
• Ngā utaina_kore_EV(t)ko te whakapaunga wā-tūturu o ngā rama, ngā mīhini, ngā ararewa, me ētahi atu, e inehia ana e te mita atamai.
• P_e_wātea_ana_mō_ngā_EV(t)ko te mana e toe ana ka taea te tohatoha haumaru i waenga i ngā EV.

Ka puta te uauatanga ina me whakatau te pūnaha me pēhea te tohatohaP_e_wātea_ana_mō_ngā_EV(t)i roto iNngā rihi. Kei raro i ngā rauropi e whai whakaaro ana ki tēnei tohatoha:

• Āhua o te Utu (SoC)Tērā pea ka nui ake te aro ki tētahi waka kua tata pau te pākahiko.
• Te Wā WehengaKa taea te whakakī puhoi i te pākahiko o te waka e noho ana i te pō, engari ka taea te whakakī tere i te pākahiko o te waka e hiahia ana kia whakakīia wawetia.
• Taurite WāhangaI roto i ngā pūnaha wāhanga-toru, me whakarite e te DLB kia kaua te wāhanga kotahi e taumaha rawa, he mahi e hiahia ana ki te arorau whakawhiti uaua, ki te tohatoha mōhio-wāhanga rānei.

Te Pūrongo me te Ine

Ko te tika o te DLB e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te kounga o ngā raraunga e whiwhihia ana. Ko te tikanga, ka uru atu ki tēnei ko ngā Whakawhiti Iahiko (CT) me ngā mita atamai motuhake kua tāutahia ki te pūwāhi hononga noa (PCC). Me tuku e ēnei taputapu ngā raraunga kawenga me te auau teitei (he maha ngā wā 1Hz, neke atu rānei) kia taea ai e te kaiwhakahaere DLB te urupare ki ngā pikinga ohorere o te kawenga whare—pērā i te tīmatanga o te motuka ahumahi—i roto i ngā hēkona hei ārai i te pakaru o te kaiwawao matua.

Te Hanganga Hirarangi

He maha ngā wā ka whakahaerehia e te DLB i roto i tētahi kaupapa whakarōpū. I te taumata "Rohe", ka whakahaerehia e te kaiwhakahaere he rōpū utu hiko. I te taumata "Pae", ka mahi tahi me te pūnaha whakahaere whare. I te taumata "Whatunga", ka whakautu pea ki ngā tohu Whakautu Tono (DR) mai i te kamupene hiko. Mā tēnei huarahi maha-paparanga ka mau tonu te haumaru o te rohe me te whai wāhi tonu ki ngā mākete pūngao whānui.

Upoko 3: Te Hoahoa Porowhita Whakahaere mō ngā Arorau DLB: PID me te Mana Matapae Tauira (MPC)

Ko te whai huatanga o tētahi pūnaha Taurite Utaina Hihiri ka inehia i te mutunga mā tōna whakaroa me te tika. Mēnā ka piki ake te kawenga o te whare, ā, e 30 hēkona te roa o te pūnaha DLB ki te whakatika i te iahiko utu EV, tera pea ka motu te kaiwawao matua i mua i te whakatikatika. Nō reira, ko te hoahoa o te porowhita whakahaere te "roro" o te teihana utu atamai. I roto i tēnei upoko, ka rukuhia e mātou ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau o ēnei tikanga whakahaere, me te arotahi ki ngā kaiwhakahaere Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) me te Model Predictive Control (MPC) matatau ake.

Te Anga Whakahaere PID i roto i te DLB

Ko ngā pūmana PID ngā mea tino kaha o te aunoatanga ahumahi, ā, he whakamahinga tūturu tā rātou i roto i te DLB. Ko te whāinga o te porowhita PID he pupuri i te kawenga pae katoa ($P_{total}$) ki te taumata tautuhinga ($P_{limit}$) rānei, mā te whakarerekē i te taurangi whakahaere, koinei te rohenga iahiko mōrahi e tukuna ana ki ngā EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment).

• Āhuatanga (P): Ka whakaratohia e te kupu-P he urupare tonu ki te hapa (te rerekētanga i waenga i te $P_{limit}$ me te $P_{total}$). Mena he nui te hapa (hei tauira, he hekenga nui o te kawenga hanga), ka tere te whakanui ake o te kupu-P i te iahiko utu EV e whakaaetia ana. Heoi, ko te mana whakahaere-P anake ka arahi i te "hapa pumau" ki te kore e tino eke te pūnaha ki te rohe.
• Taupū (I)Ko te kupu-I e whakaatu ana i te kohikohinga o ngā hapa o mua. Ka āta whakanuia, ka āta whakahekehia rānei te iahiko hei whakakore i te hapa āhua-pūmau, kia mōhio ai ka whakamahia e te pūnaha ngā ampere katoa e wātea ana i roto i te wā.
• Whakaputa (D)Mā te D-term ka matapae i ngā hapa ā muri ake nei mā te titiro ki te tere o te huringa. He mea nui tēnei hei ārai i te "tāpiritanga nui". Mena kei te tere te pikinga o te kawenga, ka kaha te whakawhāiti a te D-term i ngā rihi EV i mua i te taenga ki te rohe.

I roto i te taiao DLB, me āta whakarite te porowhita PID. Mēnā he kaha rawa, ka whakarerekē tonu ngā EVSE i tō rātou iahiko, ka pakaru pea te rihi o runga o te waka (OBC) ā, ka whakapataritari pea i te pūmanawa o te EV, ka puta ai ngā hapa utu. Mēnā he puhoi rawa, ka kore e tutuki tana kaupapa matua o te tiaki whatunga.

Kei tua atu i te PID: Te Mana Matapae Tauira (MPC)

Ahakoa he whai hua te PID mō ngā āhuatanga māmā, kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā pokapū utu nui o ēnei rā i te Model Predictive Control (MPC). Kāore i rite ki te PID, he tauhohe, he matatau te MPC. Ka whakamahia e ia he tauira pāngarau o te pūnaha hei matapae i tana whanonga ā muri ake nei i runga i tētahi "pae matapae" motuhake.

I roto i te horopaki o te DLB, ka whakaarohia e te kaiwhakahaere MPC:

1. Ngā Herenga PūnahaNgā rohe ā-tinana o ngā rihi, te kaha o te whakawhiti hiko, me te tere whakauru mōrahi o te waka.
2. Ngā Matapae ā-MāramaTe matapae i te kawenga o te whare i runga i ngā tauira o mua, ngā matapae huarere (e pā ana ki te kawenga HVAC), me ngā taenga mai o ngā waka e tumanakohia ana.
3. Mahi WhāingaHe whāinga pāngarau, pērā i te "Whakaitihia te utu pūngao katoa, me te whakarite kia eke ngā waka katoa ki te 80% SoC i mua i te 8 AM."

Ka whakaotihia e te rauropi MPC tētahi raruraru arotau i ia taahiraa wā (hei tauira, i ia 5 meneti). Ka tatauhia he raupapa o ngā mahi whakahaere tino pai engari ka whakatinanahia ko te tuatahi anake, kātahi ka tatau anō i te taahiraa e whai ake nei. Mā tēnei ka taea e te pūnaha DLB te "whakangawari" i ngā kōtaha utu. Hei tauira, ki te mōhio te pūnaha kei te haere mai he pikinga nui o te kawenga hanga i te 2 i te ahiahi, ka taea e ia te utu i mua i ngā EV i te 1:30 i te ahiahi, kātahi ka whakawhāitihia i te 2 i te ahiahi, kaua e tauhohe ohorere ina pā te pikinga.

Ngā Kawa Whakaroa me te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero

Ko te tere o te porowhita whakahaere he rite tonu ki tōna hononga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I roto i te maha o ngā tautuhinga DLB, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrero te kaiwhakahaere me ngā rihi mā Modbus TCP, RTU, te Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) rānei.

• ModbusHe iti rawa te whakaroa (mirihēkona), he mea tino pai mō te DLB ā-rohe, he mea nui ki te haumaru.
• OCPP 1.6/2.0.1Ko te paerewa ahumahi mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kapua-ki-te-whakawhitiwhiti raraunga. Ahakoa he nui ake ngā āhuatanga (te whakahaere i te nama, te manatoko, me ngā whakahōu pūmanawa), ka puta he whakaroa nui (he maha ngā wā 1-5 hēkona) nā te nui o ngā karere JSON i runga i ngā WebSockets me te whakawhiti i te ipurangi tūmatanui.

Me whiriwhiri e ngā kaihangarau te kawa tika i runga i te hiranga o te taurite kawenga. Mō te kāinga noho, he nui pea te DLB kapua puhoi ake. Mō te tipu ahumahi e utu ana i ngā mano tāra te wā whakatā mō te pakaru o te pūngao hiko, me whai i tētahi huringa ā-rohe e hangai ana ki te Modbus.

Upoko 4: Te Hanganga DLB ā-Rohe, ā-Kapua rānei: He Tātaritanga Whakataurite

I te wā e hoahoa ana i tētahi hanganga utu atamai, ko tētahi o ngā whakataunga hoahoanga tino taketake ko te wāhi e noho ana te "mātauranga". Me whakahaere te arorau taurite kawenga i runga i tētahi taputapu kei te papaanga (Local DLB), me whakahaere rānei e tētahi tūmau mamao (Cloud DLB)? He rerekē ngā painga me ngā taupatupatu o ngā huarahi e rua i runga i te pono, te utu, me te tauine.

DLB ā-Rohe: Te Huarahi Rorohiko Tapa

Kei roto i te DLB ā-rohe tētahi pūmana ā-tinana—he maha ngā wā he PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), he kuwaha motuhake, he rihi "Matua" rānei—e kōrero tika ana ki ētahi atu rihi i runga i te whatunga rohe ā-rohe (LAN).

Ngā Painga:

1. Te Pono me te Pūmanawa TuimotuKāore te pūnaha e whakawhirinaki ki te hononga ipurangi. Mēnā ka tapahia te aho muka, ka haere tonu te taurite o te kawenga ā-rohe e ngā rihi hiko, kia mau ai te haumaru hiko o te whare.
2. Te Whakaroa ItiE ai ki te kōrero i te Upoko 3, ka puta ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ā-rohe (Modbus, OCPP ā-rohe rānei) i ngā tere iti iho i te hēkona. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā wāhi he nui ngā kawenga kore-EV, pērā i ngā wheketere, i ngā hōhipera rānei.
3. HaumarutangaMā te pupuri i ngā tohu whakahaere i roto i te whatunga ā-rohe ka whakaiti i te mata o ngā whakaekenga mō ngā tūmomo riri ipurangi e ngana ana ki te whakahaere i te pumau o te whatunga.

Ngā ngoikoretanga:

1. Te utu taputapuMe hoko me te tāuta i ētahi atu taputapu kei te papaanga.
2. Te Uauatanga o te TiakiKo te whakahou i te arorau DLB ka hiahiatia pea he toro ki te papaanga, he whakahaere mamao uaua rānei o ngā taputapu taha.
3. Raraunga Kua WhakatārewatiaHe iti noa te tirohanga a te kaiwhakahaere ā-rohe ki ngā āhuatanga whānui o te whatunga, ki ngā utu pūngao rānei o te kamupene, ki te kore e whakauruhia motuhake ki tētahi papamuri kapua.

DLB e hangai ana ki te kapua: Te whakarite i te tauine

I roto i te hoahoa kapua, ka tukuna e te mita atamai me ngā rihi katoa ā rātou raraunga ki tētahi tūāpapa whakahaere matua. Ka tatau te kapua i te mana tino pai mō ia rihi, ā, ka tukuna teUtu Atamai.Tautuhia te KōtahaUtuwhakahau whakahoki ki ngā EVSE.

Ngā Painga:

1. Te WhakawhanuitangaHe tino māmā ake te whakahaere i ngā pae tukutuku 1,000 mai i te papaaho kapua kotahi i te whakahaere i ngā kaiwhakahaere ā-rohe 1,000 takitahi.
2. Arotautanga Ao WhānuiKa taea e te kapua te kohikohi raraunga mai i ngā pae maha hei whai wāhi atu ki ngā Whare Hiko Mariko (VPP) hei whakautu rānei ki te ahotea whatunga rohe.
3. Whakaurunga AI MatatauHe nui ake te whai hua o te whakahaere i ngā tauira ako mīhini uaua mō te matapae (ka kōrerohia i te Upoko 8) i runga i ngā tūmau kapua kaha i runga i ngā taputapu taha kua herea.
4. Te Utu Whakamua ItiKāore e hiahiatia he pūmana ā-rohe motuhake mēnā ka taea e ngā rihi te kōrero tika ki te kapua.

Ngā ngoikoretanga:

1. Te Whakawhirinakitanga HonongaKi te kore te ipurangi e whakamahia, ka hoki te pūnaha ki te "āhua haumaru" (hei tauira, te iti rawa o te iahiko utu mō ngā waka katoa), ka kore pea e tino whai hua, ā, ka puta he amuamu a ngā kaihoko.
2. Te Whakaroa TeiteiKa roa pea te wā haere hoki-mai i waenga i te mita, te kapua, me te rihi hiko, he maha ngā hēkona. Nā tēnei ka uaua te aro atu ki ngā pikinga kawenga "ōhorere".
3. Ngā Āwangawanga TūmataitingaKo te rere tonu o ngā raraunga pūngao ki te kapua ka ara ake ngā take mana motuhake me te tūmataitinga o ngā raraunga mō ētahi kiritaki kamupene.

Te Tauira Ranu: Te Mea Pai o Ngā Ao e Rua

I te mōhio ki ēnei taupatupatu, kei te neke te umanga ki tētahi tauira ranu. I roto i tēnei whakatakotoranga, ka whakahaerehia e tētahi kuwaha ā-rohe te taurite kawenga taumata-mirihi-hekona, he mea nui ki te haumaru (kia kore ai e pakaru te kaiwawao). I taua wā, ka whakaratohia e te kapua te rautaki taumata-tiketike—te whakatakoto i ngā "tahua" mō te kaiwhakahaere ā-rohe i runga i ngā utu pūngao, ngā kaupapa kaiwhakamahi, me ngā tohu whatunga. Mā tēnei huarahi "taumaha-taha, kua whakaritea e te kapua" ka whakaratohia te pono e hiahiatia ana mō te tiaki hanganga me te pupuri tonu i te ngāwari o te whakahaere kapua.

Upoko 5: Ngā Rautaki me ngā Kaupapa Matua mō te Tohatoha Mana Wā-tūturu

Ko te whakatau me pēhea te wehewehe i te mana e wātea ana i waenga i ngā EV maha te wero matatini rawa atu o te Dynamic Load Balancing. Ehara i te mea he mea wehewehe noa i te katoa o ngā kilowatt mā te maha o ngā motuka. Me whakataurite e te pūnaha DLB matatau te ōritetanga, te whai huatanga, me ngā whakaritenga takitahi a te kaiwhakamahi. I roto i tēnei upoko, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā rautaki tohatoha mana e whakamahia ana i te mara i ēnei rā.

Tuatahi-Haere mai, Tuatahi-Mahi (FCFS)

Ko te rautaki tohatoha māmā rawa ko te FCFS. Ko te waka tuatahi ka monohia ka whiwhi i te mana nui rawa e tonoa ana. Ko ngā waka e whai ake nei ka whiwhi i te toenga.

Ngā Painga:

• He māmā ki te whakatinana.
• He mārama, he mārama hoki mō ngā kaiwhakamahi tuatahi.

Ngā Huakore:

• Tino kore taurite. Tērā pea kāore he hiko e whiwhihia ana e te tuarima o ngā kaiwhakamahi ahakoa he haerenga tere tā rātou, engari kua 90% kē te utu o te kaiwhakamahi tuatahi, ā, ka taea e ia te tatari.
• Ka hua ake te "pupuri hiko," ina noho te motuka i tētahi wāhi hiko nui mō ngā hāora, me te whakaū tonu i ana ōrau whakamutunga i te tere tino puhoi.

Te Tiritiri ōrite

I tēnei tauira, ka wehea ōrite te mana e wātea ana ki ngā wā katoa e hohe ana. Mena kei te wātea te 100kW, ā, e whā ngā waka e utu ana, ka whiwhi ia waka i te 25kW. Mena ka uru mai te tuarima o ngā waka, ka heke te mana o te katoa ki te 20kW.

Ngā Painga:

• He "tika" tūturu i roto i te tikanga taketake.
• Ka whakanui ake i te maha o ngā waka e whiwhi ana i tētahi utu.

Ngā Huakore:

• Kāore e whai hua mō ngā waka he iti ngā pākahiko, mō ngā waka rānei e tata ana ki te kī. Mēnā ka taea e te waka te tango i te 7kW anake, ka "tohaina" he 20kW, ka moumou te 13kW i taea te whakamahi mō te waka e kaha ana ki te 50kW.

Te Tohatoha Matua (SoC me te Pūhiko)

Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha DLB hou te arotautanga atamai ake, maha-taurangi. Ka whakatairangahia ngā motuka i runga i tō rātou Āhua Utu (SoC). Ka whakatairangahia te motuka i te 10% SoC i te motuka i te 80% nā te mea he nui ake te hiahia o te motuka 10% ki te whānuitanga, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaae i te tere utu teitei ake nā te pihi utu lithium-ion (wāhanga iahiko pumau).

Hei tāpiri atu, ka whakaarohia e te pūnaha tete reiti whakaae mōrahio te waka. Mā te whakamahi i teIaianei Nuie whakaaturia ana e te waka (mā te PWM i roto i te utunga AC, mā te whakawhitiwhiti matihiko rānei i roto i te utunga DC), ka whakarite te kaiwhakahaere DLB kia kore e nui ake te mana e tohaina ana i tā te motuka e taea ai te whakamahi, ā, ka tohatoha anō i te "tāpui" ki ētahi atu waka.

Ngā Kaupapa Matua i Tautuhia e te Kaiwhakamahi me te Utu "Premium"

I roto i ngā taiao arumoni, ka taea te hono i te DLB ki tētahi pūnaha utu. Tērā pea ka utua e te kaiwhakamahi he utu nui mō te utu "Fast Track", kia mau tonu ai te mana nui rawa atu ahakoa ngā kawenga kē atu. I tētahi atu taha, tērā pea ka tohaina ngā kaupapa matua rerekē ki ngā waka roopu i runga i ō rātou wā wehenga kua whakaritea. Ka whiwhi te waka tuku waka i te 5 i te ata i te kaupapa matua i te 3 i te ata, kaua ki te waka i te 9 i te ata.

Pūnaha Taurite-Tika

I ahu mai i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero (te whakaritenga LTE/5G), ka ngana tēnei pūnaha ki te whakanui ake i te "whai huatanga" katoa o te pūnaha. Ka whakataurite i te hiahia tere mō te mana teitei (te whai huatanga) me te hiahia mō te wā roa kia kore ai he waka e waiho kia kore e utua (te tika). Ka tatau i te kaute matua mō ia waka:Kaute = (Mana i tonoa / Mana toharite i whiwhihia tae noa ki tēnei wā)Ko ngā waka e whiwhi ana i ngā kaute teitei rawa ka whiwhi i te tohatoha mana e whai ake nei.

Upoko 6: Te Pūmautanga o te Whatunga me ngā Tikanga Ārai i te Taumahatanga Nui

Ehara i te mea he āhuatanga noa iho te Taurite Utaina Hihiri mō te whakamarie o te kaiwhakamahi; he pūnaha haumaru nui hoki mō te pumau o te whatunga hiko. I te pikinga ake o te urunga o te EV, ka pāngia te whatunga tohatoha e ngā momo ahotea hou, tae atu ki ngā pikinga tere o te tono me te whakapōturitanga o te rangimārie. Ka tirohia e tēnei upoko ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e te DLB hei tiaki i te whatunga hiko me te ārai i ngā taumahatanga nui whakaharahara.

Te Arorau Parenga "Pīkoi Haere"

He "kōpiko haere" tō ngā whati hiko - ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te taumaha iti mō ētahi meneti engari ka tere tonu te haere mena ka puta he ngaru nui. Me whakatauira e te kaiwhakahaere DLB pakari tēnei kōpiko haere. Me āhei kia puta he pikinga poto rawa (hei tauira, te tīmatanga o te ararewa) kia kore ai e whakaroa rawa i ngā rihi EV, engari me mahi kaha mena ka mau tonu te taumaha.

Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakahaere matatau tētahi huarahi "paepae-rua":

1. Paepae Whakatūpato (hei tauira, 90% o te rohe)Ka tīmata te kaiwhakahaere i te "whakangāwari i te whakatere" o ngā rihi EV kia kore ai e eke ki te taumata e hiahiatia ana.
2. Paepae Hiranga (hei tauira, 98% o te rohenga)Ka whakatinanahia e te kaiwhakahaere he "kati-ōhorere" he whakaiti kaha rānei ki te iahiko iti rawa e whakaaetia ana (ko te tikanga he 6A mō te utu AC) hei tiaki i te fiusi matua.

Te Whakahaere Tauritekore o te Wāhanga

I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko toru-wāhanga (he mea noa i Ūropi me ngā wāhi ahumahi), ka taea te utaina rawatia te hiko kotahi-wāhanga ahakoa kei roto i ngā rohe te mana katoa o ngā wāhanga-toru. Ka puta tēnei mēnā he maha ngā EV kei te papa he rihi wāhanga-kotahi, ā, kua honoa ki te wāhanga kotahi (hei tauira, te Wāhanga L1).

Ka aroturukihia takitahitia ia wāhanga e te pūnaha DLB e mōhio ana ki te āhua. Mēnā ka eke te Wāhanga L1 ki tōna rohe i te wā kāore i te tino whakamahia te L2 me te L3, ka whakawhāiti noa te kaiwhakahaere i ngā waka e hono ana ki te L1. Ka taea e ētahi EVSE matatau te whakawhiti āhua hihiri (Phase Switching), ka nekehia te waka mai i te āhua kī tonu ki te āhua tuwhera me te kore e whakararu i te wā utu.

Te Whakapōturitanga Harmonic me te Kounga Mana

He kawenga kore-raina ngā rihi hiko hiko (ngā taputapu whakatikatika) e whakamahi ana i ngā hikohiko mana (ngā taputapu whakatikatika). Ka taea e ēnei te wero i ngā haunga ki roto i te whatunga hiko, ka wera rawa ngā kaiārahi hiko koretake, ka pokanoa hoki ki ngā taputapu hiko tairongo. Ahakoa ko te DLB te kaiwhakahaere matua o te "Mana Tuturu" (kW), ka aroturukihia anō hoki e ngā pūnaha matatau te "Total Harmonic Distortion" (THD) me te "Power Factor" (PF). Mena ka nui ake te THD i ngā rohe ture (hei tauira, IEEE 519), ka whakaitihia pea e te pūnaha DLB ngā tere utu hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te kounga mana.

Te Whakautu Tono me te Whakahaere Auautanga

I te taumata whānui, ka taea e ngā pūnaha DLB te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kaupapa Whakautu Tono (DR). Ina heke te auau o te whatunga hiko (e tohu ana i te korenga o te tuku), ka tukuna he tohu e te kamupene hiko. Ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere DLB te urupare i roto i ngā mirihekona, ka heke te kawenga EV puta noa i ngā rau o ngā rihi i te wā kotahi. Ka whakaratohia he pānga "Pūhiko Mariko" he tere ake, he iti ake te utu i te tahu i tētahi tipu hau peaker. Ko tēnei nekehanga mai i te "kawenga kore mahi" ki te "rawa whatunga hohe" te heke mai o te utu atamai.

Te Tūranga o ngā Kāwanatanga Whakamuri

Ko tētahi wāhanga nui o te ārai i te taumaha nui ko te "Āhua Haumaru" te "Au Whakamuri" rānei. Mēnā ka rahua te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te kaiwhakahaere me te mita (te kapua rānei), me whakamahi te pūnaha DLB i tētahi rohe au haumaru kua tautuhia i mua. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakatakotoria tēnei ki tētahi uara tino iti (hei tauira, 6A mō ia rihi) ki te kore rānei, kia mau tonu ai te tiakitanga o te hanganga o te whare ahakoa te rahua katoa o te pūnaha.

Upoko 7: Te Whakauru i ngā Pūnaha Maha-Pūngao: Te Arotautanga DLB me te PV me te BESS

Mā te whakaurunga o ngā pūtake pūngao hou, inā koa ko ngā Photovoltaics (PV), me te rokiroki ā-rohe, pērā i ngā Pūnaha Rokiroki Pūngao Pūhiko (BESS), ka tāpirihia he taha hou o te uaua ki te Taurite Utaina Hihiri. I roto i te whakatakotoranga DLB tuku iho, ko te whāinga kia noho i raro i te rohe whatunga. I roto i te pūnaha maha-pūngao, ko te whāinga kia whakarite i ēnei rawa rerekē kia nui ake ai te whakamahinga whaiaro, kia whakaitihia ngā utu whatunga, kia whakarite hoki i te pono.

Te Whārite Taurite Mana Maha-Pūtake

I roto i tētahi wāhi kei reira te PV me te BESS, ko te mana e wātea ana mō te utu EV ehara i te "Tepe Whatunga me te Utaina Hanga" anake. Ka noho hei:P_ev(t) = P_grid_limit – P_building(t) + P_pv(t) + P_bess_discharge(t) – P_bess_charge(t)

Ka whakaurua mai e tēnei whārite ētahi taurangi whakahaere hou. Me whakatau e te kaiwhakahaere DLB inaianei me pēhea te tohatoha hiko ki ngā EV, me te wā hoki hei utu, hei whakakore rānei i te BESS.

Te Utu Arotau-Rā (Te Ārai i te Whakaiti PV)

Ko tētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua mō te DLB maha-pūngao ko te "Aroturuki Rā." Ina whiti te rā, ka nui ake te hiko ka whakaputaina e te pūnaha PV i tā te whare e pau ai. Mena kāore e taea te werohanga (kore-kaweake) te iti rānei o te utu whāngai, ka maumauria tēnei hiko (ka whakawhāitihia). Ka aroturukihia e te pūnaha DLB atamai te putanga PV, ā, ka whakanuia aunoatia te tere utu EV kia rite ki te whakaputanga rā. He tino rongonui tēnei aratau "Utu Kakariki" i roto i ngā wāhi noho me ngā wāhi pakihi nā te mea ka taea te nekeneke 100% mai i te whakahou me te kore pānga o te whatunga.

Te Heu Tino Pai me te BESS

Ka mahi te BESS hei ārai. I ngā wā e tino hiahiatia ana te hiko—pērā i te wā e mahi tahi ana ngā taputapu utu tere DC mana-teitei maha—ka taea e te BESS te tuku hiko hei tāpiri i te hiko o te whatunga hiko. Mā tēnei ka taea e te papa te tautoko i ngā taputapu utu maha atu i tā te hononga whatunga hiko e āhei ai. Ka whakahaerehia e te kaiwhakahaere DLB te "Āhua o te Pūngao" (SoE) o te BESS. Me whakarite kia nui te kaha o te pākahiko ki te whakahaere i te pikinga e whai ake nei, me te whakarite hoki i te utu anō i ngā wā e iti ana te tono, e nui ana rānei te whakaputanga o te rā.

Arotautanga Rauemi Maha kua Whakaritea

Ko ngā pūnaha tino matatau e whakamahi ana i te huarahi "Whakaarotau-tahi". Engari ko te whakahaere i ngā PV, BESS, me ngā EV hei hinonga motuhake, ka whakahaerehia rātou hei whatunga iti kotahi. Ka whakamahi te kaiwhakahaere i te hōtaka raina, i ngā rauropi whanaketanga rānei hei whakaoti rapanga taurite pūngao i ia hēkona ruarua. Hei tauira, ki te hiahia te motuka ki te wehe i roto i te 1 hāora, ā, kei te heke te hanga PV nā te kapua, me whakatau te kaiwhakahaere: Me nui ake te hiko mai i te whatunga (he utu nui), me tuku te BESS (te utu pahikara), me whakawhāiti rānei i te motuka (te kore e pai ki te kaiwhakamahi)? Ko te arorau "Tukunga Ōhanga" (kua hipokina i roto i te Upoko 9) e whakarato ana i te anga mō ēnei whakataunga.

Upoko 8: Ngā Tauira Matapae Hiko Matatau mō ngā Teihana Utu Tauine Nui

Mō ngā pokapū utu nui—pērā i ngā teihana ratonga huarahi tere, i ngā teihana pahi rānei o te tāone—kāore e ranea te DLB tauhohe. Hei ārai i te kore pumau o te whatunga hiko me te arotau i ngā utu hiko, me whakamahi ēnei pae i ngā tauira matapae hei matapae i te tono. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei upoko te pūtaiao raraunga me ngā tikanga whakatauira e whakamahia ana mō te matapae hiko i roto i te utu hiko atamai.

Te Matapae i te Hiahia: Te Matapae i te Taenga Mai o ngā Waka

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te matapae ko te matapae i te wā me te maha o ngā EV ka tae mai. Mō tētahi pokapū arumoni, ko te tātari i ēnei:

1. Ngā Tauira Taenga Mai o MuaNgā wā o te rā, ngā rā o te wiki, me ngā ia o ngā wā.
2. Raraunga o WahoNgā āhuatanga o te waka, te rangi (e pā ana ki te whānuitanga o te waka EV me te kawenga whakamahana/whakamatao), me ngā huihuinga ā-rohe.
3. Ariā TūtiraMā te whakamahi i ngā tauira matapōkere pēnei i ngā rārangi M/M/s hei whakatau tata i te tūponotanga o te kīia o ngā rihi katoa.

Ka whakamahia e ngā tauira matatau ngā whatunga io Mahara Poto-Roa (LSTM), ngā Rākau Whakatairanga Gradient rānei (XGBoost) hei matapae i te "Kōtaha Tono Whakakotahi" mō ngā haora 24 e whai ake nei me te tino tika.

Te Matapae i te Utaina o te Whare

Kia mahi ai te DLB, me matapae anō hoki e ia tekawenga kore-EVI roto i tētahi whare tari, he tino matapaetia tēnei (ka eke ki te tihi i ngā hāora mahi). I roto i tētahi papa ahumahi, ka taea te huri haere. Ko ngā tauira matapae mō ngā kawenga whare e whakamahi ana i:

• Te Toharite Nekehanga Whakauru-Aunoa (ARIMA)Mō ngā raraunga pumau, ā-wā.
• Poropiti (nā Meta)He tino pai mō te whakahaere i ngā raraunga ngaro me ngā mea o waho i roto i ngā raraunga pūngao raupapa-wā.
• Ngā Tauira e Hangai ana ki te AhupūngaoTe matapae i te kawenga HVAC mā te whakaaro ki te papatipu wera o te whare me te pāmahana o waho e matapaetia ana.

Matapae Whakaputa PV

He mea nui te matapae i te whakaputanga o te rā mō te DLB maha-pūngao. Me whakauru tēnei ki ngā API huarere taumira teitei (raraunga Irahiko Rā) me ngā pūoko kei te papaanga. Ko te matapae wā poto (0-15 meneti) he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā kāmera "Sky Imaging" e whai ana i te nekehanga o te kapua hei matapae i ngā hekenga ohorere o te putanga PV, e āhei ai te pūnaha DLB ki te whakaroa i ngā rihi, ki te whakarite rānei i te BESS ki te tukunga.

Te Atanga Matapae-Mana

Ka tukuna ngā putanga o ēnei matapae ki roto i te porowhita Mana Matapae Tauira (MPC) kua whakamāramahia i te Upoko 3. Mā te matapae ka whakaratohia te "Pae Matapae," e āhei ai te kaiwhakahaere ki te whakatau i tēnei rā e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā āhuatanga e tumanakohia ana i roto i ngā haora e rua mai i nāianei. Ko tēnei āheinga "Tiro-Amua" te mea e wehewehe ana i tētahi rihi atamai taketake mai i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere hiko kua whakauruhia ki te whatunga.

Upoko 9: Te Arotau i ngā Utu me te Tukunga Ōhanga i roto i te Utu Atamai

Ahakoa ko te whāinga matua o te DLB he hangarau (te ārai i ngā taumaha rawa), ko te whāinga tuarua, ā, e piki haere ana te hiranga, ko te ōhanga. I roto i tēnei upoko, ka matapakihia e mātou te huarahi e arotau ai ngā pūnaha DLB mō te utu iti rawa o te pūngao.

Whakataunga Wā-Whakamahinga (ToU)

Ko te nuinga o ngā ratonga hiko e tuku ana i ngā utu hihiri. Tērā pea he $0.30/kWh te utu hiko i te 5 i te ahiahi, engari he $0.05/kWh anake i te 2 i te ata. Ka tangohia ēnei tohu utu e te pūnaha DLB atamai hei whakauru. Ka nekehia e te "Cost-Optimal Scheduler" te nui o te kawenga EV e taea ana ki ngā wā utu iti. Heoi anō, me whakataurite tēnei ki ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi. Mēnā e hiahia ana te kaiwhakamahi ki tā rātou waka i te 8 i te ahiahi, kāore e taea e te pūnaha te tatari kia tae ki te 2 i te ata ki te tīmata utu. Ka tatauhia e te rauropi te "Pōwhiringa Utu" o te whakaroa i ia wā.

Whakahaere Utu Tono

Mō ngā kiritaki arumoni, ka wehea te pire ratonga kia rua ngā wāhanga: Te Whakamahinga Pūngao (kWh) me te Hiahia Nui (kW). Ko te utu tono nui e ahu mai ana i te wā 15 meneti teitei rawa atu o te marama. Ka taea e te pikinga kotahi te utu mano tāra. Ko te pūnaha DLB te mahi hei "Peak Clipper." Mā te whakatakoto i tētahi rohe pakari mō te kawenga katoa o te papaanga me te whakamahi i te BESS, te whakaroa rānei hei pupuri, ka whakarite te pūnaha kia noho tonu te utu tono nui i roto i te awhe kua whakaritea.

Te Whai Wāhi ki ngā Mākete Urupare Auau

Ka utua e ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga hiko (TSO/DSO) te "Ngāwari." Mena ka taea e te whatunga utu te whakaatu ka taea e ia te whakaiti i tana kawenga i runga i te mana whakahaere, ka taea e ia te whai wāhi atu ki ngā mākete pēnei i te FFR (Firm Frequency Response) me te DSR (Demand Side Response). Ko te kaiwhakahaere DLB te atanga. Ina tae mai he "Flexibility Tono", ka tatau te kaiwhakahaere i te nui o tana whakaiti haumaru i te kawenga me te kore e takahi i ngā whakaritenga SoC iti rawa a ngā kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka whakatakoto tono ki te mākete. Ka taea e te moni whiwhi mai i ēnei ratonga te whakaiti nui i te utu o te hanganga utu.

Te Mahi Whāinga o te Tukunga Ōhanga

Ko te pāngarau kei muri i tēnei arotautanga he mahi maha-whāinga te tikanga:Whakaitihia: (Te Utu o te Pūngao Whatunga) + (Te Utu mō te Pakaru o te Pūhiko) + (Te Whiu mō te Utu Tomuri) Kei raro i te: (Te Pūmanawa o te Whatunga) me (Ngā Rā Katinga o te Kaiwhakamahi)

Mā te whakaoti i tēnei i ia meneti torutoru, ka whakarite te pūnaha DLB ka whakahaerehia te teihana i te "Efficiency Frontier"—te taurite tino pai i waenga i te utu me te mahi.

Upoko 10: Ngā Auahatanga o te Ao: V2G, DLB e whakahaerehia ana e te AI, me te Whakapūmautanga (OCPP 2.0.1)

Kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o te ao o te utu hiko atamai. I te pakeketanga o te hangarau, kei te neke atu tātou i te whakahaere kawenga ngāwari ki te whakauru whatunga katoa me te arotautanga motuhake. Ka tirohia e tēnei upoko ngā au nui e toru e hanga ana i te heke mai o te Taurite Utaina Hihiri: Waka-ki-Whatunga (V2G), Matauranga Horihori, me te tango i ngā paerewa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei.

Waka-ki-Whatunga (V2G) me te DLB Ahunga-rua

Ko te V2G te whanaketanga tino pai o te utu atamai. Engari ko te EV he kawenga noa iho, ka huri hei pākahiko pūkoro ka taea te werohanga hiko ki te whatunga hiko. Mō te DLB, ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te hiko e wātea ana i roto i te whārite ka taea te kino. I roto i te wāhi e whakahohea ana e te V2G, me whakahaere e te kaiwhakahaere DLB te "Taurite Utaina Ahunga-rua." Mena ka nui ake te kawenga o te whare i te rohe whatunga hiko, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te whakahau i ngā EV kia tukuna ā rātou pākahiko hei tautoko i te whare. Me whai "Whakahaere Huringa" tino matatau tēnei kia kore ai e tino whakaitihia te pākahiko o te waka e te tukunga, ā, kei te nui tonu te tawhiti o te kaiwhakamahi mō tā rātou haerenga e whai ake nei. Me whakapai ake hoki te taputapu o te V2G—ina koa, ko ngā rihi DC ahunga-rua, ko ngā rihi AC rānei e tautoko ana i te paerewa ISO 15118-20.

Taurite Utaina Aunoa e Aratakihia ana e te AI

Ahakoa e whakawhirinaki ana ngā pūnaha DLB o ēnei rā ki ngā rauropi me ngā ture kua tautuhia i mua, ka whakamahia e te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei te AI "Ako-Whaiaro". Mā te whakamahi i te Ako Whakakaha (RL), ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere DLB te ako i te rautaki utu pai rawa atu mā te whakamātautau me te hapa i roto i te taiao whakaata i mua i te whakatinanatanga. Ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere e whakahaerehia ana e te AI te tautuhi i ngā tauira ngawari ka ngaro pea i te miihini tangata—pērā i te meka i ia ata Tūrei i te 10 karaka, ka oma tetahi mīhini ahumahi motuhake mō te 15 meneti, ka piki ake te kawenga. Ka taea e te AI te ako ki te whakaroa i ngā rihi EV i taua wā motuhake, ahakoa kāore he tohu wā-tūturu mai i te mīhini tonu.

Te Pānga o te OCPP 2.0.1 me te ISO 15118

Ko te whakapūmautanga te tūāpapa o te kaha tauine. Kei te tere te neke o te umanga mai i te OCPP 1.6 tawhito ki te OCPP 2.0.1 tino pakari.

• OCPP 2.0.1: Ka whakaurua mai te "Whakahaere Pūrere," ka taea e te kapua te aroturuki i te hauora me te whirihoranga o ngā rihi me te taipitopito nui atu. Ko te mea nui ake mō te DLB, kei roto ko ngā āhuatanga utu atamai whakarei ake e āhei ai ngā kōtaha utu uaua ake me te whakahaere pai ake i ngā pūnaha toru-wāhanga.
• ISO 15118 (Mono me te Utu)Mā tēnei paerewa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero waka-ki-te-whakawhiti ka taea e te motuka te tohatoha i tōna SoC me te kaha pākahiko tuturu ki te kaiwhakawhiti. I ēnei rā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakawhiti AC ka "whakapae" i te SoC, ka whakawhirinaki rānei ki te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakauru ki roto i tētahi taupānga. Mā te ISO 15118, ka whiwhi te kaiwhakahaere DLB i ngā raraunga "Ground Truth" tika mai i te Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko (BMS) o te motuka, ka taea ai te tohatoha hiko tika ake.

Upoko 11: Ngā Akoranga Take me ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga

Kāore he painga o te hiranga ariā mēnā kāore he whakatinanatanga mahi. I roto i tēnei upoko, ka tirohia ngā whakatinanatanga o te DLB i te ao tūturu me ngā arai hangarau i pā ki ngā kaihangarau i te wā whakatinanatanga.

Akoranga Take 1: Te Whare Tari Arumoni

I hiahia tētahi tari matua nui i Rānana ki te tāuta i te 50 rihi hiko EV, engari i whakawhāitihia e te hononga whatunga 200kW kua whakamahia kētia e te HVAC me te rama o te whare, e 70% kē te roa.OtingaI whakatinanahia he pūnaha DLB ranu. I tāutahia he kaiwhakahaere taha ā-rohe hei aroturuki i te whakawhiti matua mā roto i ngā rawhi CT. I whirihorahia te pūnaha me te "Rohe Ngāwari" 180kW me te "Rohe Mārō" 195kW.HuaI angitu te whakahaere a te pae i te 50 o ngā rihi hiko, kāore he pakaru kotahi. Mā te whakamahi i te whakatauranga matua e ahu mai ana i te SoC, i whakarite kia utua katoatia ngā kaimahi e haere roa ana ki te mahi i te mutunga o te rā.

Akoranga Take 2: Te Whare Pahi Hiko

I te pō kotahi, i hiahiatia e te kaiwhakahaere pahi i Shenzhen te utu i ngā pahi hiko 100. Ko te wero ko te nui o te utaina i te wā kotahi i te hokinga mai o ngā pahi katoa ki te teihana pahi i te 11 i te pō.OtingaI whakamahia he tauira matapae e ahu mai ana i te AI hei matapae i te SoC o ia pahi i te taenga mai i runga i ngā raraunga o tōna huarahi. Kātahi ka whakaritea e te pūnaha DLB te utunga i roto i ngā "ngaru", me te whakarite kia kaua te kawenga katoa e neke ake i te kaha o te teihana hiko, me te whakarite kia 100% te utu o ia pahi i te 5 i te ata.

Ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga Noa

1. Te Uauatanga o te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero me te Whakaurunga:Me kōrero ia rihi hiko i te reo o te papaanga—OCPP ki te pūnaha whakahaere matua, ISO 15118 ki te waka, ā, he maha ngā wā ko Modbus, ko BACnet rānei ki te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao o te whare. Ko te whakarite kia mahi tahi pono ngā paparanga e toru, inā koa puta noa i ngā rihi hiko mai i ngā kaihoko rerekē, tētahi o ngā pūtake tino noa o ngā hapa "plantom" e kore nei e taurite te kawa.
2. Hononga Whatunga me ngā Utu Tono:Mā te pūnaha DLB e whakaoti te raruraru hangarau o te iti o te kaha, engari kei te mau tonu te raruraru arumoni—ngā utu tono me ngā utu hononga ratonga. Me whakatauira ngā papaanga mēnā ka puta he pikinga tono whiu i roto i tā rātou kōtaha kawenga, ā, mēnā he pai ake te utu o te BESS i te hononga whatunga nui ake.
3. Te Kounga Raraunga me te Aromatawai SoC:Ko te pai o te arotautanga DLB ko ōna whakaurunga anake. Ka ripoatahia e ngā waka te āhua o te utu i te wā utu, engari ka tawhito pea ngā uara, ka kore e rite, ka kore rānei e wātea i ngā tauira tawhito. Me pakari ngā pūnaha ki te ārai i ngā raraunga ngaro, ā, me whakamahi taunoa ki te whakaritenga matawhānui ina kore e pono te ine waea.
4. Te Āhuatanga Tauine o te Apa Whakahaere:Tērā pea ka raru te pūnaha e whakahaere pai ana i ngā rihi 50 ki te 500. Me hoahoa ngā kaiwhakahaere taha, ngā papaaho kapua, me ngā whanonga rahua kia tauine mai i te rā tuatahi, me te whakamātautau i te arorau whakahaere ki ngā pikinga kawenga kino rawa atu - kaua ko ngā āhuatanga noa iho.

Te wikitoria i ēnei wero

Kāore tētahi o ēnei wero e ārai ana; he kaupapa hoahoa ia wero. Mā te whakataurite i te OCPP 1.6J, 2.0.1 rānei me te kaihoko CMS kotahi ka whakakorea te nuinga o ngā raruraru kawa. Mā te whakatauira i ngā utu tono i roto i te take pakihi tuatahi—me te tāpiri i te BESS ina pai ake ngā tau—ka tiakina te hua. Ā, mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaihoko DLB me ngā whakatinanatanga waka nui kua whakamātauhia, kaua ki tētahi me ngā whakaaturanga taiwhanga anake, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te kaupapa katoa.

He taha tangata anō hoki kei roto i ēnei wero. Me mārama ngā kaihangarau e whakatū ana i tētahi pūnaha DLB ki ngā pūnaha hiko me ngā pūmanawa—he huinga onge tēnei. Me whakatakoto e ngā kaiwhakahaere he tahua mō te whakangungu hanganga me ngā pukapuka whakahaere kua tuhia, kia mōhio ai te kaihangarau e mahi ana i te wā e tangi ana te whakaoho a te kaiwhakahaere taha i te 2 i te ata ko ēhea ngā papaaho hei tirotiro me ēhea ngā tikanga hei whai. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kaihoko pakeke ēnei pukapuka whakahaere hei tuku paerewa, ā, ko te ngaronga he tohu whakatūpato i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te kaihoko.

Whakamutunga

Mā te taurite kawenga hihiri me te arotautanga BESS ka hurihia te utu hiko EV mai i te nama whatunga hei rawa whatunga. Ka taea e ngā pae te whakatōpū i te maha o ā rātou utu hiko me te kore e whakapai ake i ngā whakawhiti hiko, ka tiakina ngā kaiwhakahaere mai i ngā utu tono whiu, ka whakatuwhera i te tatau ki ngā awa moni whiwhi—te whakaheke i te tihi, te whakatauira pūngao, tae noa ki ngā ratonga whatunga—kāore e taea e tētahi tāutanga kuware te uru atu. Kua pakari te hangarau; ko te kaupapa matua kei roto i te whakaurunga, te kounga raraunga, me te whakatauira kaha pono.

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

• Ka wetekina e te DLB he nui ake ngā rihi mō ia kirowati o te hononga whatunga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakaroa, ka whakakorea rānei ngā whakapainga whakawhiti hiko e ono mati.
• Mā te BESS + utu ka hurihia he raruraru tono-utu hei pokapū hua moni tono-utu.
• Mā te whakatau kaupapa matua e hangai ana ki te SoC me te matapae AI ka noho utu tonu ngā kaiwhakamahi nui (ngā tāngata haereere, ngā pahi) me te whakatikatika i te pihi kawenga o te papaanga.
• Ko te Taunekenekehanga (OCPP, ISO 15118), te kounga raraunga, me te tauine kaihoko ngā mea e toru e whakatau ai i te angitu, i te kore rānei e angitu i roto i ngā whakatinanatanga tūturu.

Whakapā atu ki a MIDA Power

Kei roto i ngā pūnaha utu hiko a MIDA Power te taurite kawenga hihiri kua whakauruhia me te whakaurunga BESS whiriwhiri, e whakahaerehia ana mā te tūāpapa kotahi e tutuki ana i te OCPP. Mai i ngā whare tari ki ngā taunga pahi, ka whakaratohia e mātou te tautoko hangarau hei whakatauira i tō kawenga, hei whakatika i te rahi o te pūnaha, me te tono kia kore e ohorere. Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō tētahi kōrero tātari kawenga me tētahi whakatau utu kaupapa.