Imigangatho yoKhuseleko epheleleyo yeeNkqubo ze-EV eziDibeneyo ze-BESS

Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:Inkqubo yokutshaja ye-EV edityanisiweyo ne-BESS kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko equka ibhetri, inkqubo, kunye ne-charging-interface standards: UL 9540A (uvavanyo lomlilo olubalekayo olushushu), UL 1973 / IEC 62619 (ukhuseleko lwebhetri), IEC 63056 / NFPA 855 (ufakelo lwesitoreji esingashukumiyo), kunye ne-UL 2202 / UL 2231 okanye i-IEC 61851 (ukhuseleko lwetshaja kunye nabasebenzi), kunye ne-ISO 15118 yonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo. Abathengi kufuneka baqinisekise isiqinisekiso kumanqanaba amathathu: iiseli kunye neemodyuli eziqinisekisiweyo, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri eqinisekisiweyo, kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja eziqinisekisiweyo ezineempawu ezifanelekileyo zengingqi (CE, UKCA, ETL, TÜV, okanye GB/T equivalents). Izikhululo ezakhiwe kule stack pair esebenzayo yolawulo lobushushu olupholileyo olumanzi, ukhuseleko lwe-BMS oluneeleya ezininzi, kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo ezilinganiswe yi-IP65 ezinoxinzelelo lomlilo, zinciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwe-thermal runaway ngee-oda ezinkulu xa kuthelekiswa noyilo olungaqinisekiswanga.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Isiqinisekiso ngoku siyimfuneko yokuthenga kwangaphambili: abanini bomshuwalense, oomasipala, kunye nabaqhubi begridi bayala kakhulu iindawo ezidityaniswe neBESS ezingaqinisekiswanga.
• Ukhuseleko lwenqanaba lebhetri luxhomekeke kwikhemistri yeseli (ikhethwa yi-LFP), uyilo lwemodyuli, kunye nemisebenzi ye-BMS egutyungelwe yi-UL 1973, i-IEC 62619, kunye ne-IEC 63056.
• Ukhuseleko kwinqanaba lenkqubo — iindawo ezivalekileyo, ukucima umlilo, ukupholisa ulwelo, kunye nokubekwa kwe-NFPA 855 — kugqiba ukuba isiganeko sobushushu sihlala sithintelwe na.
• Ukhuseleko lwe-charging-interface (UL 2231, IEC 61851, ISO 15118) lukhusela abantu kwaye luthintela ulawulo olubi lwesitishi.
• Imephu yendlela yokuqinisekiswa enamanqanaba amathathu — ibhetri, inkqubo, kunye nojongano — ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bathelekise ababoneleli ngobungqina obunokungqinisiswa endaweni yamabango okuthengisa.

Kutheni iMigangatho yoKhuseleko iyimfuneko yokuThenga okuTsha

Umqhubi weendawo zokutshaja eMzantsi Yurophu uthenge inkqubo yokutshaja ye-"turnkey" ye-solar-plus-storage kumthengisi ongabhaliswanga ngesaphulelo se-35%. Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, i-short-level module circuit yabangela ukufudumeza okwayonakalisa iikhabhathi ezintathu zebhetri ezikufutshane, yavala indawo kangangeeveki ezisithoba, yaza yabangela ibango le-inshorensi lokuba umqhubi wepolisi yokugcina izinto - owayefuna amaxwebhu e-UL 9540A - wala ukuhlawula. Indawo yakhiwa kwakhona ngezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo eziphantse ziphindwe kabini kunebhajethi yokuqala.

Eli bali liphindaphinda kwiimarike kuba iinkqubo ze-EV ezidityaniswe ne-BESS zigxininisa iiprofayili ezimbini zomngcipheko ezaziphathwa ngokwahlukeneyo ngabalawuli: umngcipheko womlilo webhetri ye-lithium-ion kunye nomngcipheko wokutshaja we-DC onamandla aphezulu. Ukudibana yingakho imeko yesatifikethi idityaniswe kwisakhelo esihambelanayo nesinokuhlolwa. Ukulandelela iziganeko zomlilo ze-International Energy Agency kunye namaxwebhu amaninzi esikhokelo somshwalense ngoku aphatha iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-UL 9540A, uluhlu lokhuseleko lwebhetri, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko lwetshaja njengobungqina obuncinci bokungakwazi umshuwalense. Kumqhubi, isiphumo esisebenzayo silula: ukuba umthengisi akanakuvelisa izatifikethi zebhetri, inkqubo, kunye netshaja, iprojekthi ayinakukwazi umshuwalense kwaye, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ayivumelekanga.

Imephu yeMigangatho yeeNkqubo ze-EV eziDibeneyo ze-BESS

Imigangatho esebenzayo yahlulwe ngokupheleleyo yaba zizikopu ezintathu: ibhetri, inkqubo edibeneyo, kunye nojongano lokutshaja. Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa amaxwebhu alawula iinkcukacha zokuthengwa ngo-2026.

Iimarike zokuhanjiswa kwempahla zengingqi zibeka amanqaku kazwelonke ngaphezulu kwezi: i-CE kunye ne-UKCA yaseYurophu, i-ETL/UL yaseNyakatho Melika, i-TÜV kwiimarike ezininzi zokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye ne-GB/T/CCC yaseTshayina. Umthengisi othengisa kwiindawo ezininzi kufuneka akwazi ukubonisa umgangatho webhetri ofanelekileyo (UL 1973 okanye i-IEC 62619), umgangatho wokufakelwa (NFPA 855 yaseMelika), kunye nomgangatho wetshaja (UL 2202/2231 okanye i-IEC 61851-23) kwimarike nganye ekujoliswe kuyo.

Ukhuseleko lweNqanaba leBhetri: Iiseli, iiModyuli, kunye neePakethi

Isiqinisekiso senqanaba lebhetri kulapho umngcipheko wokubaleka kobushushu ucwangciswe khona. Izigqibo ezintathu zoyilo zilawula isiphumo.

Ikhemistri.Iiseli zeLithium iron phosphate (LFP) — ikhemistri esetyenziswa yiMIDA kuyo yonke [umgca wemveliso yokugcina amandla] (https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) — zinobushushu bokuqalisa obuhambayo obumalunga ne-270 °C, obumalunga ne-70 °C obuphezulu kune-NMC chemistryries, kwaye zikhupha ioksijini encinci kakhulu ngexesha lokubola, nto leyo enciphisa ukusasazeka komlilo. Yingakho i-LFP iye yaba yikhemistri emiselweyo yezicelo zokutshaja ezidityaniswe ne-BESS, apho ibhetri ikufutshane nabantu kunye nezithuthi.

Ukwakhiwa kwemodyuli kunye nepakethe.Uvavanyo lwe-UL 1973 kunye ne-IEC 62619 olusebenzisa kakubi lugubungela ukutshaja kakhulu, i-external short circuit, ukutyumza, impembelelo, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Imodyuli idlula kuphela ukuba i-BMS ibona impazamo, izixhobo zokukhusela ziphazamisa isekethe, kwaye ukungena kweseli akungeni kwiiseli ezikufutshane. Ingxelo yovavanyo ebalulekileyo abathengi abafanele bayicele yingxelo ye-UL 9540A, ebonisa ukuba ukuba iseli ingena kwi-thermal runaway, ukusasazwa kuyayeka ngaphakathi kwimodyuli okanye kwindawo echaziweyo endaweni yokusasaza ikhabhinethi kwiikhabhinethi.

Imisebenzi ye-BMS.Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri yiyo elawula ukhuseleko: ijonga i-voltage yeseli, ubushushu, umbane, kunye nokumelana nobushushu, kwaye kufuneka isebenze ngaphakathi kwee-milliseconds emva kokufunyanwa kwempazamo. I-IEC 62619 ifuna ngokucacileyo imisebenzi yokukhusela i-BMS kuquka i-overvoltage, i-undervoltage, i-overcurrent, kunye nokuvala ubushushu obugqithisileyo ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yokungasebenzi. I-BMS eqinisekisiweyo ikwarekhoda iziganeko zempazamo ukuze kuhlalutywe emva kweziganeko.

Ukhuseleko lweNqanaba leNkqubo: Ii-Enclosures, Ucinezelo loMlilo, kunye noLawulo loBushushu

Isiqinisekiso sebhetri singumaleko omnye kuphela. Inkqubo edibeneyo — indlela iikhabhathi ezakhiwe ngayo, ezipholiswa ngayo, nezibekwe ngayo — igqiba ukuba isiganeko seseli enye siba ngumlilo ophambili na.

Ulawulo lobushushu luluhlu lokuqala lokhuselo.Ukupholisa umoya ongasebenziyo kwanele ngaphantsi kwe-30 kW yamandla ebhetri aqhubekayo, kodwa umjikelo womsebenzi wokutshaja (ukutshaja okuphindaphindwayo kunye nokukhupha) uqhuba ukuveliswa kobushushu okuqhubekayo. Ukupholisa ulwelo olusebenzayo - apho i-coolant ijikeleza kwiipleyiti ezibandayo phantsi kweemodyuli - kugcina ubushushu be-delta ukusuka kwiseli ukuya kwiseli bungaphantsi kwe-3–5 °C, eli lifestile lokusebenza elithintela ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwakheka kweendawo ezishushu. Iinkqubo ezipholileyo zolwelo zikwagcina amaqondo obushushu akhuselekileyo kwiimeko zemozulu ezingama-45 °C+ ngaphandle kokuchitha, okubalulekileyo kwiindawo zokutshaja zangaphandle.

Ukhuseleko lokungena nokuvalelwa ngaphakathi.Iikhabhathi zeBESS zangaphandle kufuneka zibe nomlinganiselo we-IP65 kwindawo evalekileyo yombane (engangeni thuli kwaye ikhuselwe kwiijethi zamanzi) kunye nendawo yebhetri engeniswa umoya ngokwe-NFPA 855. Ulwakhiwo olumelana nokugqwala (intsimbi egqunywe ngumgubo okanye i-aluminium) kunye nolawulo lweentambo ezizinzileyo ze-UV zandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezikunxweme nasentlango.

Ukufunyanwa nokupheliswa komlilo.I-NFPA 855 imisela ukufunyanwa komsi, ubushushu, kunye negesi nge-alamu, kunye necebo lokuthintela elihambelana nekhemistri. Kwiinkqubo ze-LFP, ukususwa kwe-aerosol kunye ne-clean-agent kunye nokufunyanwa kwegesi kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yangoku; ukukhukhula okusekwe emanzini kuchazwe apho iikhowudi zifuna khona. I-BESS kufuneka ikwabekwe kwindawo enemigama yokwahlulwa ukusuka kwizakhiwo kunye nemigca yepropathi ngokwe-NFPA 855, okanye kunye nemiqobo elinganiswe ngomlilo phakathi kweekhabhathi.

Ukhuseleko olusecaleni kwegridi.Le nkqubo ibandakanya uqhagamshelo lwe-DC kunye ne-AC, ukhuseleko lokuhamba ngamandla, izixhobo zamandla asele, kunye nokhuseleko lwempazamo ye-arc kwindawo yoqhagamshelo. Ukuthobela ikhowudi yegridi (njenge-IEEE 1547 eMntla Melika okanye i-EN 50549 eYurophu) kulawula indlela yokulwa nokungafiki esiqithini kunye nokuziphatha kokuhamba ngempazamo okukhusela abasebenzi bomgca ngexesha lokungasebenzi.

Ukhuseleko lwe-Charging-Interface: Ukukhusela abantu kunye neDatha

I-interface yokutshaja yongeza indawo yesibini yokhuseleko eyahlukileyo: ii-DC conductors eziphilayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 V, umbane ophezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 A+ kwiinkqubo ezipholileyo ngolwelo), kunye nolawulo olunenethiwekhi. I-UL 2231 kunye ne-IEC 61851-23 zombini zijonga ubushushu obumiselweyo — itshaja isoloko ilinganisa ukumelana nobushushu phakathi kwebhasi ye-DC nomhlaba kwaye ikhubaza ukuphuma ngaphakathi kwee-milliseconds ukuba iwela ngaphantsi komgangatho. Ukufunyanwa kwempazamo yomhlaba, ii-connector interlocks (i-contactor ayinakuvala ngaphandle kokuba iplagi ihleli ngokupheleleyo kwaye itshixiwe), kunye nokuma okungxamisekileyo okuphazamisa zombini iindlela zamandla zonke ziyimisebenzi eyimfuneko.

Ukhuseleko lwe-cyber yeyona nto iphambili kukhuseleko. I-ISO 15118 Plug & Charge iqinisekisa imoto nge-cryptographic, ithintela ukubiwa kweseshoni; I-OCPP 2.0.1 yongeza ukubethela kwe-TLS, ulawulo lwesatifikethi, kunye nohlaziyo lwe-firmware olusayiniweyo, ivala umphezulu wohlaselo oveze iitshaja zenethiwekhi zakuqala ekulawulweni okukude. Isitishi esiqinisekisiweyo seso apho ukusilela konxibelelwano akunakuguqulelwa ekubeni kukusilela kolawulo lwamandla.

Imephu yeNdlela yeSiqinisekiso seZigaba eZithathu kubathengi

Amaqela okuthenga angenza ukuba imigangatho isebenzise inkqubo yokuqinisekisa enamanyathelo amathathu:

1. Qinisekisa ibhetri.Cela ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-UL 9540A (hayi nje isishwankathelo), isatifikethi se-UL 1973 okanye se-IEC 62619, kunye namaxwebhu okhuseleko olusebenzayo lwe-BMS yomenzi webhetri. Qinisekisa ikhemistri ye-LFP kunye nokupholisa ulwelo kwiinkqubo ezingaphezu kwe-100 kWh. 2.Qinisekisa inkqubo edibeneyo.Qinisekisa uluhlu okanye isibhengezo esikwinqanaba lenkqubo esigubungela ukuthobela i-NFPA 855 (US), i-IEC 63056, ukufunyanwa/ucinezelo lomlilo, ukulinganiswa kwe-IP, kunye nokuthobela ikhowudi yoqhagamshelo lwegridi kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo. 3.Qinisekisa ujongano lokutshaja.Qinisekisa isiqinisekiso se-UL 2202/2231 okanye se-IEC 61851-23, inkxaso ye-ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, iimpawu zokhuseleko ze-OCPP 2.0.1, kunye neempawu zengingqi (CE/UKCA/ETL/TÜV) ezihambelana nelizwe lokusasazwa.

Oko i-MIDA Yakha Kwi-Stack Yayo Eqinisekisiweyo

Izitishi zokutshaja ezidityanisiweyo zokugcina amandla ze-MIDA zenzelwe ngokuchasene nesi sikhokelo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Ibhanki yebhetri isebenzisa iiseli ze-LFP eziqinisekisiweyo ezine-BMS eneeleya ezininzi, ukupholisa ulwelo olusebenzayo ukuze kusebenze kakuhle, kunye nokuchongwa komlilo okudityaniswe nomlawuli wendawo. Icala lokutshaja lihamba nesatifikethi esifanelekileyo sengingqi - kubandakanya [izitishi zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC ezidweliswe kwi-ETL] (https://www.midapower.com/etl-listed-60kw-90kw-120kw-150kw-ccs-nacs-chademo-ocpp1-6-ul2231-dc-charging-station-product/) zaseMntla Melika ngokuhambelana ne-OCPP 1.6 kunye ne-UL 2231 - kwaye ixhasa i-ISO 15118 yePlug & Charge. Kubathengi, oku kuthetha ukuba uqinisekiso olunemigangatho emithathu apha ngasentla luxhomekeke kumthengisi omnye: i [215 kWh/90 kW] (https://www.midapower.com/215kwh-90kw-ccs2-chademo-bess-charging-energy-storage-charger-station-product/) kunye ne [400 kW/625 kWh izitishi ezidibeneyo] (https://www.midapower.com/400kw-625kwh-bess-charger-station-mobile-charging-battery-energy-storage-system-product/), i [liquid-cooled 40 kW power modules] (https://www.midapower.com/40kw-dc-bus-input-1000v-dc-dc-ev-charging-module-liquid-cooled-power-module-product/), kunye neetshaja ezisemgangathweni eziqinisekisiweyo zabelana ngoyilo olunye lokhuseleko, ifilosofi enye ye-BMS, kunye nekhonkco elinye lewaranti.

Isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko asilo bhokisi yokujonga ukuthobela imithetho; luqeqesho lobunjineli olwenza ukuba ukutshaja kwe-EV okudityaniswe ne-BESS kube yinto eqinisekisiweyo, evumelekileyo, nekwaziyo ukusinda. Ababoneleli abangakwaziyo ukubhala phantsi isixa babeka amaxabiso kwiinkqubo zabo ngaphandle kweendleko zokhuseleko - kwaye elo xabiso lihlala lifika kamva, ngexesha elibi kakhulu.

FAQ

1. Ngowuphi umgangatho wokhuseleko obaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-EV ezidityanisiweyo ze-BESS?I-UL 9540A yeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuvavanya umlilo kuba abanini bomshuwalense kunye nabasemagunyeni bafuna ingxelo yabo ibonise ukuba ubushushu obuhambayo abunakukhula ngokungalawulekiyo; I-UL 1973/IEC 62619 kunye ne-NFPA 855 zigqibezela iileya zebhetri kunye nokufakelwa.

2. Kutheni i-LFP ikhethwa kune-NMC kwizikhululo zokutshaja ezidityaniswe ne-BESS?I-LFP iqala ukufudumala okungaphantsi kobushushu obumalunga nama-270 °C (xa kuthelekiswa nama-200 °C kwi-NMC), ikhupha ioksijini encinci ngexesha lokubola, kwaye inika ubomi bomjikelo obungaphezu kwama-5000, nto leyo eyenza ikhuseleke kwaye ihlale ixesha elide kumsebenzi wokuqhuba ngebhayisekile ophezulu wesikhululo sokutshaja.

3. Ngaba ndifuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-NFPA 855 ukuba ndingaphandle kwe-United States?I-NFPA 855 yikhowudi yokufakela yase-US, kodwa imigaqo yayo yokubeka kunye nokhuseleko ibhekiswa ngakumbi kwihlabathi liphela ngabanini-inshorensi kunye nezinye iikhowudi; abaqhubi bokuthumela kwamanye amazwe badla ngokuyisebenzisa njengomgangatho wobunjineli osisiseko.

4. Kuthetha ukuthini ukulinganiswa kwe-IP65 kwisikhululo sokutshaja se-BESS?I-IP65 ithetha ulwakhiwo olungenathuli kunye nokhuseleko kwiijethi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, olufanele ukufakwa kweekhabhathi zangaphandle; indawo yebhetri isafuna umoya okanye ukupholisa ngokweemfuno zomenzi kunye nekhowudi.

5. Ukupholisa ulwelo kuphucula njani ukhuseleko lweBESS?Ukupholisa ulwelo kugcina amaqondo obushushu eeseli engaphantsi kwe-3–5 °C, kuthintela iindawo ezishushu kunye noxinzelelo lobushushu olukhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwaye lunokwandulela iziganeko zobushushu, kwaye kuthintela ukuwohloka kobushushu obuphezulu.

6. Zeziphi izinto zokhuseleko ezikhusela ekutshajweni ngumbane kwiitshaja zeDC?Ukubeka iliso kwi-insulation, ukufunyanwa kwempazamo yomhlaba, ii-connector interlocks, kunye nee-emergency stop circuits, zonke ezigunyaziswe yi-UL 2231 kunye ne-IEC 61851-23, ziyayihlukanisa ibhasi ye-DC ene-voltage ephezulu ngaphambi kokuba ingozi ifikelele emntwini.

7. Ndingaziqinisekisa njani izibango zokhuseleko zomthengisi?Cela ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-UL 9540A, izatifikethi ze-UL 1973 okanye ze-IEC 62619, uluhlu lwenqanaba lenkqubo, kunye namanqaku e-UL/ETL okanye e-CE/UKCA etshaja, kunye nokujonga amanani esatifikethi kunye nomzimba okhuphayo endaweni yokwamkela iifoto zesikrini zePDF.