Cikakken Ka'idojin Tsaro don Tsarin EV na BESS

Amsa Mai Sauri:Tsarin caji na EV mai haɗakar BESS dole ne ya cika tsarin aminci mai layi-layi wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aunin baturi, tsarin, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na caji: UL 9540A (gwajin wuta mai gudu daga zafi), UL 1973 / IEC 62619 (amincin baturi), IEC 63056 / NFPA 855 (shigar da ajiya mai tsayawa), da UL 2202 / UL 2231 ko IEC 61851 (kariyar caji da ma'aikata), da ISO 15118 don sadarwa mai aminci. Masu siye ya kamata su tabbatar da takaddun shaida a matakai uku: ƙwayoyin da aka tabbatar da su da kayayyaki, tsarin ajiyar makamashin baturi mai takardar shaida, da kayan aikin caji mai takardar shaida tare da alamun yanki masu dacewa (CE, UKCA, ETL, TÜV, ko GB/T daidai). Tashoshin da aka gina wa wannan tarin suna haɗa da sarrafa zafi mai sanyaya ruwa, kariyar BMS mai matakai da yawa, da kuma wuraren kariya masu ƙimar IP65 tare da kashe gobara, suna rage haɗarin yaɗuwar zafi ta hanyar umarni na girma idan aka kwatanta da ƙira marasa takardar shaida.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Bukata:

• Takaddun shaida yanzu sharaɗi ne na siyan kaya: kamfanonin inshora, masu amfani da wutar lantarki, da masu gudanar da grid suna ƙara ƙin amincewa da shafukan yanar gizo marasa takardar shaidar BESS.
• Tsaron matakin batir ya dogara ne akan sinadaran tantanin halitta (wanda aka fi so LFP), ƙirar module, da ayyukan BMS waɗanda UL 1973, IEC 62619, da IEC 63056 suka rufe.
• Tsaron matakin tsarin - wuraren rufewa, hana gobara, sanyaya ruwa, da kuma wurin NFPA 855 - yana ƙayyade ko wani abu mai zafi zai ci gaba da kasancewa a wurin.
• Tsaron caji-interface (UL 2231, IEC 61851, ISO 15118) yana kare mutane kuma yana hana sarrafa tashar da ba ta dace ba.
• Taswirar takardar shaida mai matakai uku - batir, tsarin aiki, da kuma hanyar sadarwa - tana bawa masu aiki damar kwatanta masu samar da kayayyaki akan shaidar da za a iya tantancewa maimakon ikirarin tallatawa.

Dalilin da Yasa Ka'idojin Tsaro Suke Da Muhimmancin Sayayya

Wani mai aiki da tashar caji a Kudancin Turai ya sayi tsarin caji na "turnkey" na hasken rana daga wani mai samar da kayayyaki mara rijista akan rangwame na 35%. Watanni shida bayan haka, wani gajeren da'ira a matakin module ya haifar da rugujewar zafi wanda ya lalata kabad ɗin batir guda uku da ke kusa, ya rufe wurin na tsawon makonni tara, kuma ya haifar da da'awar inshora cewa mai amfani da tsarin - wanda ke buƙatar takaddun UL 9540A - ya ƙi biyan kuɗi. An sake gina wurin da kayan aiki masu inganci kusan ninki biyu na kasafin kuɗin asali.

Wannan labarin ya sake faruwa a kasuwanni saboda tsarin EV da aka haɗa da BESS ya tattara bayanan haɗari guda biyu waɗanda masu kula da lafiya suka yi wa magani daban-daban: haɗarin gobarar batirin lithium-ion da haɗarin caji mai ƙarfi na DC. Haɗuwa shine dalilin da ya sa yanayin takardar shaidar ya haɗu zuwa tsarin da za a iya tantancewa. Bin diddigin gobarar da Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya da takaddun jagororin inshora da yawa yanzu suna ɗaukar rahotannin gwaji na UL 9540A, jerin aminci na matakin baturi, da alamun aminci na caja a matsayin ƙaramin shaida na rashin inshora. Ga mai aiki, sakamakon aiki mai sauƙi ne: idan mai samarwa ba zai iya samar da takaddun shaida ga baturi, tsarin, da caja ba, aikin ba zai iya yin inshora ba kuma, a cikin yankuna da yawa, ba za a iya ba da izini ba.

Taswirar Ma'auni don Tsarin EV na BESS

Ka'idojin da suka dace sun kasu kashi uku: batirin, tsarin da aka haɗa, da kuma hanyar caji. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna takardun da suka mamaye ƙayyadaddun sayayya a shekarar 2026.

Kasuwannin isar da kaya na yanki sun haɗa da alamun ƙasa a kan waɗannan: CE da UKCA na Turai, ETL/UL na Arewacin Amurka, TÜV na kasuwannin fitarwa da yawa, da GB/T/CCC na China. Mai samar da kaya da ke siyarwa zuwa yankuna da yawa ya kamata ya iya nuna ma'aunin batirin da ya dace (UL 1973 ko IEC 62619), ma'aunin shigarwa (NFPA 855 na Amurka), da ma'aunin caji (UL 2202/2231 ko IEC 61851-23) ga kowace kasuwa da aka yi niyya.

Tsaron Matakin Baturi: Kwayoyin halitta, Modules, da Fakiti

Takaddun shaida na matakin batir shine inda aka tsara haɗarin guduwa daga zafi. Shawarwari uku na ƙira ne suka mamaye sakamakon.

Sinadaran Kimiyya.Kwayoyin lithium iron phosphate (LFP) - sinadaran da MIDA ke amfani da su a cikin [layin samfurin ajiyar makamashi](https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) - suna da zafin farawa na zafi mai gudu a kusa da 270 °C, kusan 70 °C sama da sunadarai na NMC, kuma suna fitar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen yayin rugujewa, wanda ke rage yaɗuwar wuta. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa LFP ta zama sinadari na asali don aikace-aikacen caji na BESS, inda batirin ke kusa da mutane da ababen hawa.

Tsarin module da fakiti.Gwajin cin zarafi na UL 1973 da IEC 62619 ya rufe cajin da ya wuce gona da iri, gajeren da'ira na waje, murƙushewa, tasiri, da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Na'urar na wucewa ne kawai idan BMS ta gano matsalar, na'urorin kariya sun katse da'irar, kuma iskar tantanin halitta ba ta shiga cikin ƙwayoyin da ke kusa ba. Babban rahoton gwaji da masu siye ya kamata su nema shine rahoton UL 9540A, wanda ke nuna cewa idan tantanin halitta ya shiga cikin guduwar zafi, yaɗuwar ta tsaya a cikin na'urar ko wani yanki da aka ayyana maimakon yaɗa kabad zuwa kabad.

Ayyukan BMS.Tsarin sarrafa batir shine mai kula da aminci: yana sa ido kan ƙarfin lantarki na tantanin halitta, zafin jiki, wutar lantarki, da juriyar rufi, kuma dole ne ya yi aiki cikin milise seconds bayan gano lahani. IEC 62619 ya buƙaci ayyukan kariya na BMS, gami da overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, da overweight kashe tare da halayen rashin lafiyan gazawa. BMS mai takardar shaida kuma yana rubuta abubuwan da suka faru na kuskure don nazarin shari'a bayan abubuwan da suka faru.

Kariyar Matakin Tsarin: Rufe-rufe, Dakatar da Gobara, da Gudanar da Zafi

Takaddun shaida na batirin mataki ɗaya ne kawai. Tsarin da aka haɗa — yadda ake gina kabad, sanyaya, da kuma sanya su — yana yanke shawara ko wani abu mai rai zai zama babban tashin hankali.

Kula da zafi shine layin farko na kariya.Sanyaya iska mai wucewa ta isa ƙasa da kusan kW 30 na ƙarfin baturi mai ci gaba, amma zagayowar caji (maimaita caji mai yawa da fitarwa) yana haifar da ci gaba da samar da zafi. Sanyaya ruwa mai aiki - inda mai sanyaya ke yawo ta cikin faranti masu sanyi a ƙarƙashin na'urori - yana kiyaye yanayin zafin sel-zuwa-cell ƙasa da 3-5 °C, wanda shine taga aiki wanda ke hana tsufa cikin sauri da samuwar wurin zafi. Tsarin sanyaya ruwa kuma yana kiyaye yanayin zafi mai aminci a cikin yanayi mai zafi na 45 °C+ ba tare da cirewa ba, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga wuraren caji na waje.

Kariyar rufewa da shigarwa.Ya kamata a sanya kabad na BESS na waje a matsayin IP65 don wurin da wutar lantarki ke rufewa (ba ya ƙura kuma yana da kariya daga jiragen ruwa) tare da iska a ɗakin batirin bisa ga NFPA 855. Gine-gine masu jure tsatsa (ƙarfe ko aluminum mai rufi da foda) da kuma sarrafa kebul mai karko na UV suna tsawaita rayuwar sabis a yanayin bakin teku da hamada.

Gano gobara da kuma hana ta.NFPA 855 ta tsara gano hayaki, zafin jiki, da iskar gas tare da ƙararrawa, tare da dabarun rage hayaki da ya dace da sinadaran. Ga tsarin LFP, hana iskar gas da kuma maganin tsaftace muhalli tare da gano iskar gas da wuri shine mafi kyawun aikin da ake yi a yanzu; an ƙayyade ambaliyar ruwa ta ruwa inda lambobin ke buƙatar sa. Dole ne kuma a sanya BESS a wuri mai nisan rabuwa daga gine-gine da layukan kadarori bisa ga NFPA 855, ko kuma tare da shingen wuta tsakanin kabad.

Kariyar gefen grid.Tsarin ya haɗa da katsewar DC da AC, kariyar ƙaruwar ruwa, na'urorin wutar lantarki da suka rage, da kuma kariyar matsalar arc a wurin haɗawa. Bin ƙa'idodin Grid-code (kamar IEEE 1547 a Arewacin Amurka ko EN 50549 a Turai) yana kula da halayen hana tsibirai da kuma hawa kan matsala wanda ke kare ma'aikatan layi yayin katsewa.

Tsaron Caji-Interface: Kare Mutane da Bayanai

Haɗin caji yana ƙara wani yanki na biyu, na musamman na tsaro: masu sarrafa DC masu rai a wutar lantarki har zuwa 1000 V, babban wutar lantarki (har zuwa 500 A+ a cikin tsarin sanyaya ruwa), da kuma ikon sarrafawa ta hanyar sadarwa. UL 2231 da IEC 61851-23 duka suna sa ido kan rufin - caja yana ci gaba da auna juriyar rufi tsakanin bas ɗin DC da ƙasa kuma yana hana fitarwa cikin milise seconds idan ya faɗi ƙasa da iyaka. Gano kurakuran ƙasa, makullan mahaɗi (mai haɗawa ba zai iya rufewa ba sai dai idan an ɗora toshe gaba ɗaya kuma an kulle shi), da kuma tasha ta gaggawa wacce ke katse hanyoyin wutar lantarki guda biyu duk ayyuka ne na tilas.

Tsaron yanar gizo shine babban ɓangaren tsaro da ke tasowa. ISO 15118 Plug & Charge yana tabbatar da abin hawa ta hanyar ɓoye bayanai, yana hana satar zaman; OCPP 2.0.1 yana ƙara ɓoye bayanai na TLS, sarrafa takaddun shaida, da sabunta firmware da aka sanya hannu, yana rufe saman harin da ya fallasa caja masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta farko ga magudin nesa. Tashar da aka tabbatar da inganci ita ce inda gazawar sadarwa ba za ta iya haifar da gazawa a sarrafa wutar lantarki ba.

Taswirar Takaddun Shaida Mai Layi Uku ga Masu Sayayya

Ƙungiyoyin sayayya za su iya aiwatar da tarin ƙa'idodi ta hanyar tsarin tabbatarwa matakai uku:

1. Tabbatar da batirin.Nemi rahoton gwajin UL 9540A (ba kawai taƙaitaccen bayani ba), takardar shaidar UL 1973 ko IEC 62619, da kuma takaddun amincin aikin BMS na masana'antar batirin. Tabbatar da sinadaran LFP da sanyaya ruwa ga tsarin da ke sama da 100 kWh. 2.Tabbatar da tsarin da aka haɗa.Tabbatar da jerin matakan tsarin ko sanarwa da suka shafi bin ka'idojin NFPA 855 (US), IEC 63056, gano gobara/danne wuta, ƙimar IP, da bin ka'idojin haɗin grid don kasuwar da aka nufa. 3.Tabbatar da hanyar caji.Tabbatar da takardar shaidar UL 2202/2231 ko IEC 61851-23, tallafin ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, fasalulluka na tsaro na OCPP 2.0.1, da alamun yanki (CE/UKCA/ETL/TÜV) waɗanda suka dace da ƙasar da aka tura.

Abin da MIDA ke Ginawa a cikin Tarin Takardar Shaidarta

An ƙera tashoshin caji na ajiyar makamashi na MIDA ta wannan tsarin daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Bankin batirin yana amfani da ƙwayoyin LFP masu takardar shaida tare da BMS mai matakai da yawa, sanyaya ruwa mai aiki don aiki mai yawa, da kuma gano wuta da aka haɗa tare da mai sarrafa wurin. Gefen caji yana da takardar shaidar yanki mai dacewa - gami da [tashoshin caji masu sauri na DC da aka lissafa ta ETL](https://www.midapower.com/etl-listed-60kw-90kw-120kw-150kw-ccs-nacs-chademo-ocpp1-6-ul2231-dc-charging-station-product/) don Arewacin Amurka tare da bin ƙa'idodin OCPP 1.6 da UL 2231 - kuma yana goyan bayan ISO 15118 don Plug & Charge. Ga masu siye, wannan yana nufin tabbatarwa mai matakai uku da ke sama ya dogara ne akan mai kaya ɗaya: [215 kWh/90 kW](https://www.midapower.com/215kwh-90kw-ccs2-chademo-bess-charging-energy-storage-charger-station-product/) da [tashoshin haɗin gwiwa na 400 kW/625 kWh](https://www.midapower.com/400kw-625kwh-bess-charger-station-mobile-charging-battery-energy-storage-system-product/), [ma'aunin wutar lantarki na 40 kW mai ruwa-ruwa](https://www.midapower.com/40kw-dc-bus-input-1000v-dc-dc-ev-charging-module-liquid-cooled-power-module-product/), da kuma caja masu caji masu zaman bene waɗanda aka tabbatar suna da tsarin aminci guda ɗaya, falsafar BMS guda ɗaya, da sarkar garanti guda ɗaya.

Takaddun shaida na tsaro ba akwatin bin ƙa'ida ba ne; fannin injiniya ne ke sa a yi inshorar caji na BESS-integrated EV, wanda za a iya ba da izini, kuma a iya rayuwa a cikin aiki. Masu samar da kayayyaki waɗanda ba za su iya yin rikodin tarin ba suna farashin tsarinsu ba tare da farashin tsaro ba - kuma wannan farashin koyaushe yana zuwa daga baya, a mafi munin lokaci.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Menene mafi mahimmancin ƙa'idar aminci ga tsarin EV mai haɗa BESS?UL 9540A ita ce ma'aunin gwajin gobara mai mahimmanci saboda masu inshora da hukumomi suna buƙatar rahotonsa don tabbatar da cewa guduwar zafi ba zai iya yaɗuwa ba tare da kulawa ba; UL 1973/IEC 62619 da NFPA 855 suna kammala batir da matakan shigarwa.

2. Me yasa aka fi fifita LFP akan NMC don tashoshin caji masu haɗa BESS?LFP yana fara fitar da iskar oxygen daga tashar caji a kusan digiri 270 na Celsius (idan aka kwatanta da digiri 200 na Celsius ga NMC), yana fitar da ƙarancin iskar oxygen yayin ruɓewa, kuma yana ba da tsawon rai na tsawon zagayowar 5000+, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama mafi aminci da ɗorewa ga aikin caji mai tsayi.

3. Shin ina buƙatar bin ƙa'idar NFPA 855 idan ina wajen Amurka?NFPA 855 lambar shigarwa ce ta Amurka, amma ƙa'idodin wurin zama da aminci ana ƙara ambaton su a duk duniya ta hanyar kamfanonin inshora da sauran lambobin; masu samar da kayayyaki galibi suna ɗaukar ta a matsayin ma'aunin injiniya na asali.

4. Menene ma'anar ƙimar IP65 ga tashar caji ta BESS?IP65 yana nufin ginawa mai hana ƙura da kariya daga jiragen ruwa masu ƙarancin matsi, wanda ya dace da shigar da kabad na waje; har yanzu ɗakin batirin yana buƙatar samun iska ko sanyaya ta musamman bisa ga buƙatun masana'anta da lambar.

5. Ta yaya sanyaya ruwa ke inganta tsaron BESS?Sanyaya ruwa yana kiyaye yanayin zafin sel a ƙasa da 3-5 °C, yana hana wurare masu zafi da damuwa na zafi waɗanda ke hanzarta lalacewa kuma suna iya faruwa kafin yanayin zafi, kuma yana hana raguwa a cikin zafi mai yawa.

6. Waɗanne ayyuka na tsaro suna kare daga girgizar lantarki a kan na'urorin caji na DC?Kula da rufin gida, gano lahani a ƙasa, makullan haɗin haɗi, da kuma da'irori na dakatar da gaggawa, duk an ba da umarnin UL 2231 da IEC 61851-23, suna ware bas ɗin DC mai ƙarfin lantarki kafin haɗari ya isa ga mutum.

7. Ta yaya zan tabbatar da ikirarin tsaron mai samar da kayayyaki?Nemi rahoton gwaji na UL 9540A, takaddun shaida na UL 1973 ko IEC 62619, jerin matakan tsarin, da alamun UL/ETL ko CE/UKCA na caja, da kuma duba lambobin takaddun shaida tare da hukumar da ke bayarwa maimakon karɓar hotunan kariyar kwamfuta na PDF.