Amabwiriza y'umutekano yuzuye kuri sisitemu za BESS-Integrated EV

Igisubizo cyihuse:Sisitemu yo gusharija ya BESS ihujwe na BESS igomba kuba yujuje urwego rw'umutekano rugizwe n'ibipimo bya bateri, sisitemu, n'ibipimo byo gusharija: UL 9540A (isuzuma ry'umuriro ushyushye), UL 1973 / IEC 62619 (umutekano wa bateri), IEC 63056 / NFPA 855 (ishyirwaho ry'ububiko budahagarara), na UL 2202 / UL 2231 cyangwa IEC 61851 (uburinzi bw'umukoresha n'ubw'umukoresha), hamwe na ISO 15118 kugira ngo itumanaho ribe ritekanye. Abaguzi bagomba kugenzura icyemezo ku nzego eshatu: utunyangingo twemewe na modules, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za bateri yemewe, n'ibikoresho byemewe byo gusharija bifite ibimenyetso by'akarere (CE, UKCA, ETL, TÜV, cyangwa GB/T bingana). Sitasiyo zubatswe kuri iyi sitasiyo zombi zikoresha ubushyuhe bukonjeshwa n'amazi, uburinzi bwa BMS bw'urwego rwinshi, n'ibice bya IP65 bifite ubushobozi bwo gukumira umuriro, bigabanura ibyago byo gukwirakwira kw'ubushyuhe ku rugero runini ugereranije n'imiterere idafite ubuziranenge.

Ingingo z'ingenzi:

• Impamyabushobozi ubu ni itegeko ryo gutanga amasoko: ubwishingizi, amashami y’ubwishingizi, n’abakora ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza amakuru (grid) bagenda banze ahantu hadafite ibyangombwa bya BESS.
• Umutekano w’urwego rwa batiri ushingiye ku bume bw’uturemangingo (LFP ikunda), imiterere ya module, n’imikorere ya BMS iteganywa na UL 1973, IEC 62619, na IEC 63056.
• Umutekano ku rwego rwa sisitemu — ahantu ho gufunga, kuzimya umuriro, gukonjesha amazi, n'ahantu hagenwa na NFPA 855 — bigena niba ikintu gishyushye kiguma gihari.
• Umutekano w'aho amashanyarazi anyura (UL 2231, IEC 61851, ISO 15118) urinda abantu kandi ukarinda kugenzura nabi sitasiyo.
• Gahunda y’icyitegererezo cy’ibice bitatu — bateri, sisitemu, n’uburyo bwo guhuza — yemerera abakora kugereranya abatanga serivisi ku bimenyetso bifatika aho kugereranya ibirego byo kwamamaza.

Impamvu amahame y'umutekano ari yo ngingo nshya yo gutanga amasoko

Umucuruzi w’ibikoresho byo gushyushya mu majyepfo y’u Burayi yaguze sisitemu yo gushyushya ibikoresho byo kubika imirasire y’izuba “turnkey” ku mucuruzi utaranditswe ku giciro cya 35%. Nyuma y’amezi atandatu, umuyoboro mugufi w’amashanyarazi wateje ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe cyangije utubati dutatu twa bateri twari hafi aho, gifunga aho hantu mu gihe cy’ibyumweru icyenda, ndetse gitera ikirego cy’ubwishingizi umucuruzi w’imodoka ya polisi - wasabaga ibyangombwa bya UL 9540A - yanze kwishyura. Aha hantu hongeye kubakwa ibikoresho byemewe ku giciro cya hafi inshuro ebyiri z’ingengo y’imari ya mbere.

Iyi nkuru iragaruka ku masoko yose kuko sisitemu za EV zihujwe na BESS zigizwe n'imiterere ibiri y'ibyago abagenzuzi bafashe mu buryo butandukanye: ibyago byo gutwika bateri ya lithium-ion n'ibyago byo gushyushya DC bifite imbaraga nyinshi. Guhuza niyo mpamvu imiterere y'ibyemezo byashyizwe mu buryo buhamye kandi bugenzurwa. Gukurikirana impanuka z'umuriro z'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu n'inyandiko nyinshi z'ubuyobozi bw'ubwishingizi ubu bifata raporo z'ibizamini bya UL 9540A, urutonde rw'umutekano ku rwego rwa bateri, n'ibimenyetso by'umutekano ku gikoresho nk'ibimenyetso by'ubwishingizi. Ku mukoresha, ingaruka zifatika ni zoroshye: niba umucuruzi adashobora gutanga ibyemezo bya bateri, sisitemu, n'igikoresho cyo gushyushya, umushinga ntushobora kwishyuzwa kandi, mu nzego zitandukanye, ntushobora kwemererwa.

Ikarita y'Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Sisitemu za EV za BESS-Integrated

Amabwiriza akurikizwa agabanyijemo ibice bitatu: bateri, sisitemu ihujwe, n'uburyo bwo gusharija. Imbonerahamwe iri hepfo igaragaza inyandiko zigaragaza ibisabwa mu gutanga amasoko mu 2026.

Isoko ry’ibicuruzwa mu turere rishyira ibimenyetso by’igihugu hejuru y’ibi bikurikira: CE na UKCA ku Burayi, ETL/UL kuri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru, TÜV ku masoko menshi yoherezwa mu mahanga, na GB/T/CCC ku Bushinwa. Umucuruzi ugurisha mu turere twinshi agomba kuba ashobora kwerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho bya bateri (UL 1973 cyangwa IEC 62619), ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyiraho (NFPA 855 kuri Amerika), n’ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gushyushya (UL 2202/2231 cyangwa IEC 61851-23) kuri buri soko ry’ingenzi.

Umutekano ku rwego rwa batiri: Seli, Modules, na Packs

Icyemezo cyo ku rwego rwa batiri niho hagenwa ibyago byo gushyuha. Ibyemezo bitatu by'igishushanyo mbonera ni byo bigenga umusaruro.

Ubutabire.Uturemangingo twa Lithium fer phosphate (LFP) — shimi MIDA ikoresha mu [murongo w’ibicuruzwa byo kubika ingufu] (https://www.midapower.com/energy-storage-charging-station) — dufite ubushyuhe bwo gutangira gushyuha buri kuri 270 °C, hafi 70 °C ugereranyije n’ibinyabutabire bya NMC, kandi bisohora ogisijeni nke cyane mu gihe cyo kubora, ibyo bigatuma umuriro ugabanuka. Iyi ni yo mpamvu LFP yabaye shimi isanzwe ikoreshwa muri BESS mu gusharija, aho bateri iba iri iruhande rw’abantu n’ibinyabiziga.

Kubaka module na paki.Ikizamini cya UL 1973 na IEC 62619 cyo gukoresha nabi gikubiyemo umuriro urenze urugero, umuyoboro mugufi wo hanze, gukanda, ingaruka, n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Moduli irahita gusa iyo BMS ibonye ikibazo, ibikoresho byo kurinda bihagarika umuyoboro, kandi aho umwuka uva mu turemangingo utinjira mu turemangingo twegeranye. Raporo y'ingenzi y'ikizamini abaguzi bagomba gusaba ni raporo ya UL 9540A, igaragaza ko iyo akagari kinjiye mu kirere gishyushye, gukwirakwira guhagarara muri module cyangwa mu gace kagenwe aho gukwirakwira mu kabati.

Imikorere ya BMS.Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ni yo igenzura umutekano: igenzura ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, umuriro, n'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi, kandi igomba gukora mu masegonda make kuva aho ibonye amakosa. IEC 62619 isaba ku buryo bweruye imirimo yo kurinda BMS harimo ingufu nyinshi, ingufu nke, ingufu nyinshi, n'ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n'imyitwarire idahwitse. BMS yemewe kandi yandika ibyabaye mu isesengura ry'amakosa nyuma y'ibyabaye.

Uburinzi ku rwego rwa sisitemu: Udukingirizo, Guhagarika umuriro, no gucunga ubushyuhe

Icyemezo cy’iyi bateri ni urwego rumwe gusa. Sisitemu ihuriweho - uburyo utubati twubakwa, gukonjeshwa, no gushyirwa ahantu runaka - ni cyo gigena niba igikorwa cy’uturemangingo kamwe kiba ikintu gikomeye.

Gucunga ubushyuhe ni wo murongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi.Gukonjesha umwuka udakora neza bihagije munsi ya 30 kW y'ingufu za batiri zihoraho, ariko uruziga rwo gusharija (gushyushya no gusohora umuriro mu buryo bwo hejuru) rutuma ubushyuhe bukomeza kwiyongera. Gukonjesha amazi - aho icyuma gikonjesha kinyura mu byuma bikonje munsi ya module - bituma ubushyuhe buva kuri selile kugera kuri selile buri munsi ya 3-5 °C, ari na ryo dirishya rikora ribuza gusaza vuba no gushibuka ahantu hashyushye. Sisitemu zikonjesha amazi nazo zigumana ubushyuhe bwiza mu kirere cya 45 °C+ nta gucika intege, ibyo bikaba ingenzi ku hantu ho gushyushya hanze.

Uburinzi bw'igipfundikizo n'ubwinjiriro.Utubati twa BESS two hanze tugomba kuba dufite amanota ya IP65 ku gikoresho cy’amashanyarazi (kidafata ivumbi kandi kirinzwe n’amazi) hamwe n’agace ka batiri gafite umwuka uhumeka nk’uko biteganywa na NFPA 855. Imiterere idahura n’ingese (icyuma gitwikiriwe n’ifu cyangwa aluminiyumu) ​​hamwe n’imicungire y’insinga zihamye za UV byongera igihe cyo gukoreshwa mu turere two ku nkombe no mu butayu.

Gutahura no gukumira inkongi z'umuriro.NFPA 855 itanga uburyo bwo gutahura umwotsi, ubushyuhe, na gaze hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubuza, hamwe n'ingamba zo gukumira zijyanye na shimi. Ku bijyanye na sisitemu za LFP, gukumira aerosol na clean-agent hamwe no kumenya gaze hakiri kare ni bwo buryo bwiza ubu; umwuzure ushingiye ku mazi ugenwa aho amategeko abisaba. BESS igomba kandi gushyirwa ahantu hatandukanye n'inyubako n'imirongo y'umutungo nk'uko NFPA 855 ibiteganya, cyangwa hagati y'amabati hashingiwe ku nkongi y'umuriro.

Uburinzi ku ruhande rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.Iyi sisitemu irimo imiyoboro ya DC na AC, uburinzi bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bisigaye by'amashanyarazi, no kurinda amakosa ya arc aho umurongo uhurira. Kubahiriza kode ya grid (nka IEEE 1547 muri Amerika ya Ruguru cyangwa EN 50549 mu Burayi) bigenga imyitwarire yo kurwanya ikirwa no kunyura mu matsinda y'amashanyarazi birinda abakozi mu gihe cy'impanuka.

Umutekano w'Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gushyushya: Kurinda Abantu n'Amakuru

Uburyo bwo gusharija butanga urubuga rwa kabiri kandi rutandukanye rw’umutekano: ibyuma biyobora DC bizima kugeza kuri 1000 V, umuriro mwinshi (kugeza kuri 500 A+ muri sisitemu zikonjeshwa n’amazi), n’uburyo bwo kugenzura bukoresha umuyoboro. UL 2231 na IEC 61851-23 byombi bigenzura ubwishingizi bw’amashanyarazi - icyuma gipima uburinzi bw’ubwishingizi hagati ya bisi ya DC n’ubutaka kandi kigahagarika umusaruro mu masegonda make iyo kirenze urugero. Gutahura amakosa y’ubutaka, gufunga ibyuma bihuza (icyuma gifata umuriro ntigishobora gufunga keretse icyuma gifunga neza), hamwe no guhagarika byihutirwa inzira zombi z’amashanyarazi byose ni inshingano z’ingenzi.

Umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga ni wo mushinga ugaragara w’umutekano. ISO 15118 Plug & Charge yemeza ko imodoka ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "cryptography", ikarinda kwibwa kw’imodoka; OCPP 2.0.1 yongeraho uburyo bwo gufunga TLS, gucunga icyemezo, no kuvugurura firmware byasinyweho, igafunga ubuso bw’igitero bwagaragaje ko chargers za interineti za mbere zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa kure. Sitasiyo yemewe ni aho ikibazo cy’itumanaho kidashobora gutuma habaho ikibazo mu kugenzura amashanyarazi.

Imbonerahamwe y'icyitegererezo cy'ibice bitatu ku baguzi

Amakipe ashinzwe gutanga amasoko ashobora gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda y’ibipimo ngenderwaho hakoreshejwe inzira yo kugenzura ibyiciro bitatu:

1. Genzura neza bateri.Saba raporo y'ikizamini cya UL 9540A (atari incamake gusa), icyemezo cya UL 1973 cyangwa IEC 62619, hamwe n'inyandiko y'umutekano w'uruganda rwa batiri rwa BMS. Emeza ubuziranenge bwa LFP n'ubukonje bw'amazi kuri sisitemu zirengeje 100 kWh. 2.Emeza sisitemu ihuriweho.Emeza urutonde cyangwa itangazo ryo ku rwego rwa sisitemu rikubiyemo kubahiriza NFPA 855 (US), IEC 63056, kumenya/guhagarika inkongi y'umuriro, amanota ya IP, no kubahiriza kode yo guhuza grid ku isoko ryihariye. 3.Genzura uburyo bwo gusharija.Emeza icyemezo cya UL 2202/2231 cyangwa IEC 61851-23, inkunga ya ISO 15118 Plug & Charge, imikorere y'umutekano ya OCPP 2.0.1, n'ibimenyetso by'akarere (CE/UKCA/ETL/TÜV) bihuye n'igihugu cyoherejwemo.

Icyo MIDA Yubatse mu gice cyayo cyemewe

Ibikoresho byo gusharija ingufu bya MIDA byakozwe hakurikijwe iyi gahunda kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera. Bateri ikoresha utunyangingo twemewe twa LFP dufite BMS y’ibice byinshi, gukonjesha amazi kugira ngo ikore neza mu kirere, no kumenya umuriro bihujwe n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Uruhande rwo gusharija ruzana icyemezo gikwiye cy’akarere — harimo [ETL-listed DC fast charger stations] (https://www.midapower.com/etl-listed-60kw-90kw-120kw-150kw-ccs-nacs-chademo-ocpp1-6-ul2231-dc-charging-station-product/) muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru hamwe n’amategeko ya OCPP 1.6 na UL 2231 — kandi ishyigikira ISO 15118 kuri Plug & Charge. Ku baguzi, ibi bivuze ko igenzura ry’ibice bitatu ryavuzwe haruguru rireba umutanga umwe: [215 kWh/90 kW] (https://www.midapower.com/215kwh-90kw-ccs2-chademo-bess-charging-energy-storage-charger-station-product/) na [400 kW/625 kWh integrated stations] (https://www.midapower.com/400kw-625kwh-bess-charger-station-mobile-charging-battery-energy-storage-system-product/), [liquid-cooled 40 kW power modules] (https://www.midapower.com/40kw-dc-bus-input-1000v-dc-dc-ev-charging-module-liquid-cooled-power-module-product/), hamwe na chargers zo hasi zemejwe zisangiye imiterere imwe y’umutekano, filozofiya imwe ya BMS, n’urunigi rumwe rw’ingwate.

Icyemezo cy’umutekano si agasanduku ko kugenzura ko kubahiriza amategeko; ni ishami ry’ubuhanga rituma BESS-integrated EV charging iba ubwishingizi, yemewe, kandi igakomeza gukora. Abatanga serivisi badashobora kwandika igiciro cy’ibikoresho byabo batanga ibiciro nta kiguzi cy’umutekano - kandi icyo kiguzi gihora kigera nyuma, mu gihe kibi gishoboka.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho y'ingenzi y'umutekano kuri sisitemu za EV zihujwe na BESS?UL 9540A ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi yo gupima umuriro kuko ubwishingizi n'inzego zibishinzwe basaba raporo yayo kwerekana ko ubushyuhe budashobora gukwirakwira mu buryo butunguranye; UL 1973/IEC 62619 na NFPA 855 byuzuza bateri n'uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho.

2. Kuki LFP ikundwa kuruta NMC ku bijyanye n'aho gushyurira BESS bihujwe?LFP itangira ubushyuhe bukabije kuri dogere selisiyusi 270 (ugereranyije na dogere selisiyusi 200 kuri NMC), isohora ogisijeni nkeya mu gihe cyo kubora, kandi igatanga ubuzima bw'ingendo zirenga 5000, bigatuma ikomeza kuba nziza kandi iramba ku kazi ko gutwara imodoka gakomeye nk'ako gushyushya.

3. Ese nkeneye kubahiriza amategeko ya NFPA 855 niba ndi hanze ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika?NFPA 855 ni kode yo gushyiraho ibicuruzwa muri Amerika, ariko amahame yayo yo gushyiramo ibicuruzwa n'umutekano agenda akoreshwa cyane ku isi yose n'ibigo by'ubwishingizi ndetse n'andi makode; abakora ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakunze kubifata nk'amahame shingiro y'ubuhanga.

4. Igipimo cya IP65 bivuze iki kuri sitasiyo yo gusharija ya BESS?IP65 bivuze imiterere idafunze ivumbi kandi ikaba irinda amazi anyura mu kirere adakoresha umuvuduko muke, ibi bikaba bihuye n'aho bateri ishyirwa; igice cy'ibateri gikeneye guhumeka cyangwa gukonjesha byihariye hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'uruganda n'amategeko.

5. Ni gute gukonjesha amazi byongera umutekano wa BESS?Gukonjesha amazi bituma ubushyuhe bw'uturemangingo buguma munsi ya 3–5 °C, bikarinda ahantu hashyuha n'ubushyuhe byihutisha kwangirika kandi bishobora mbere y'ubushyuhe, kandi bikarinda gucika intege mu bushyuhe bwinshi.

6. Ni izihe nshingano z'umutekano zirinda amashanyarazi gushoka kuri DC chargers?Gukurikirana ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi, kumenya aho ibintu bigeze ku butaka, gufunga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'imiyoboro yo guhagarara mu gihe cy'impanuka, byose biteganywa na UL 2231 na IEC 61851-23, bitandukanya bisi ya DC ifite voltage nyinshi mbere yuko ibyago bigera ku muntu.

7. Ni gute nagenzura ibirego by'umutekano by'umutanga serivisi?Saba raporo y'ikizamini cya UL 9540A, icyemezo cya UL 1973 cyangwa IEC 62619, urutonde rw'urwego rwa sisitemu, n'ibimenyetso bya UL/ETL cyangwa CE/UKCA by'umukoresha, kandi urebe neza inomero z'icyemezo hamwe n'umubiri wagitanze aho kwemera amashusho ya PDF.