I-North American NACS Standard: Umthelela Kubakhiqizi Abathumela Ngaphandle

Impendulo Esheshayo:I-North American Charging Standard (NACS) — manje eseyi-SAE J3400 — isuse i-CCS1 njengesixhumi esizenzakalelayo se-DC fast-charging e-United States naseCanada. Kubakhiqizi abathumela kwamanye amazwe, lokhu kuyi-pivot yobunjiniyela kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho: imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle kwamandla e-J3400/NACS isengozini yokulahlekelwa ukufaneleka kokuxhaswa ngemali kahulumeni (NEVI), amathenda okuthenga e-CPO, kanye nokufinyelela kunethiwekhi ye-Supercharger ye-Tesla. Abakhiqizi abaqinisekisa izixhumi zomdabu ze-NACS kanye neziteshi ezijwayelekile ezimbili ngaphambi kwe-peak buildout ka-2026-2027 bazobamba isabelo senani eliphakeme kakhulu semakethe ye-retrofit kanye ne-greenfield yaseNyakatho Melika.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• I-NACS manje isiyindlela ezenzakalelayo yokulawula.Isixhumi iTesla esethulwa ngo-2012 saba yi-SAE J3400 ngoDisemba 2023, kwathi ngoFebhuwari 2025 i-US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) yashintsha amashaja asheshayo axhaswa yi-NEVI ukuze adinge i-J3400/NACS - okuwukuphela ngokusemthethweni kwegunya likahulumeni le-CCS1.
• I-CCS1 isesimweni sokwehla okulawulekayo, hhayi ukufa okusheshayo.Isisekelo esifakiwe sezimoto neziteshi ze-CCS1 sisalokhu sikhulu, ngakho isu lokuthumela ngaphandle eliphumelelayo lika-2026 yiziteshi ezijwayelekile ezimbili (i-NACS + CCS1) kanye nezakhiwo ezingashintshwa ngamapulagi kunokubheja ngesixhumi esisodwa.
• Ushintsho lobunjiniyela lujule kakhulu kunepulaki.I-NACS ithinta i-geometry yesixhumi, ikhebula kanye nomklamo wokushisa (ikhono lamanje le-250A–600A+, ukupholisa uketshezi lwe-HPC), izitaki zokuxhumana (i-Plug & Charge esekelwe ku-PLC ye-ISO 15118), kanye nokusekelwa kwepulatifomu enamandla aphezulu afinyelela ku-1000V.
• Isitifiketi yisona sici esibalulekile.Ukufinyelela emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika kudinga i-UL 2251 (izixhumi/ama-couplers), i-UL 2202 (amashaja asheshayo e-DC), ukuhambisana ne-FCC Part 15, kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-J3400 okuphoqelelwe yi-NEVI — inqwaba yokuhambisana ethatha izinyanga eziyi-6-12 ukuqedwa.
• Ithuba lemakethe libekwe phambili.Ngoxhaso lwe-NEVI oluyi-$7.5B, igagasi elikhulu lokulungisa kabusha le-CCS1, kanye nokufinyelela kwe-Tesla Supercharger manje okuvulekele zonke izimoto ze-NACS, abathumeli ngaphandle abanemigqa yemikhiqizo ye-NACS eqinisekisiwe bathola inzuzo yokuqala emakethe yokushaja ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ukucwila Okujulile

1. Ushintsho lwe-CCS1-kuya-ku-NACS: Indlela Ipulaki Lobunikazi le-Tesla Elaba Ngayo Indinganiso Yemboni

Iqiniso elibalulekile kubathengisi bangaphandle ukuthi i-NACS ayiseyona isinyathelo se-Tesla - isiyi-interface yokushaja yaseNyakatho Melika esezingeni elifanele ngokusemthethweni. I-SAE International ishicileleI-J3400 ngoDisemba 2023, futhi phakathi kukaMeyi 2023 noFebhuwari 2024 cishe bonke abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu — iFord, iGeneral Motors, iRivian, iHyundai, iKia, iBMW, iMercedes-Benz, iToyota, iVolkswagen, kanye neStellantis ekugcineni — bamemezele ukwamukelwa kwe-NACS ezimotweni zaseNyakatho Melika kusukela ngonyaka wemodeli ka-2025.

Imigomo emithathu yenqubomgomo kanye nemakethe icindezele lolu shintsho:

Ithonya likaTesla lidlulela ngale kwesixhumi uqobo. Le nkampani yavula inethiwekhi yayo ye-Supercharger kuma-EV angewona ama-Tesla — okokuqala ngama-adapter e-Magic Dock ngo-2023 kwathi ngokwendabuko njengoba abenzi bezimoto bethumela amachweba e-NACS — okwenza izindawo zayo ezingaphezu kuka-65,000 emhlabeni jikelele (futhi iningi lazo liseNyakatho Melika) zibe yisizinda se-ecosystem ye-NACS. Ukuze uthole umlando wobuchwepheshe wokuvela komklamo wesixhumi, bheka isibuyekezo sobunjiniyela se-MIDA sokuvela kwesixhumi se-Tesla NACS.

Okushiwo ngumthumeli:Imigqa yemikhiqizo ye-CCS1 kuphela manje isikhonza imakethe ye-greenfield enciphayo. Yonke ithenda engu-2026+ evela kuma-CPO ase-US, izinsiza, kanye namaphrojekthi axhaswe yi-NEVI izohlola ikhono le-NACS/J3400 njengemfuneko eyisisekelo, hhayi inketho.

2. Izinguquko Zobuchwepheshe Ukuthumela Abakhiqizi Kumelwe Banjiniyela

Ukuzivumelanisa ne-CCS1 kuya ku-NACS akuyona inguquko yesikhunta sobuhle. Abakhiqizi kumele bashintshe isixhumi, ukuhlanganiswa kwekhebula, ukuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nesendlalelo sokuxhumana ngasikhathi sinye.

I-geometry yesixhumi kanye nomklamo kagesi.Isixhumi se-NACS siyipulaki eyodwa, encane enamaphini ama-5 ephethe amandla e-AC (Level 1/2) kanye ne-DC — ngokungafani ne-CCS1, edinga i-inlet ehlukile ye-J1772 ye-AC kanye nepulaki ye-DC combo. Isici esincane sefomu sinciphisa izindleko zokungena eceleni kwemoto kanye nesisindo sekhebula, kodwa sigxila ubuningi bamanje obuphezulu ephaketheni elincane. Izilinganiso zamanje ze-DC ezisebenzayo zisukela ku-250A kuya ku-600A+ kwezinhlobo ezipholile emoyeni kanye nezipholile ngoketshezi, kanye namapulatifomu kagesi afinyelela ku-1000V kuma-EV esizukulwane esilandelayo. Uhla lokukhiqiza lwe-MIDA lubonisa leli khanda, kusukela ku-Isixhumi se-NACS esingu-400Aeziteshini ezijwayelekile ezingu-150–250kW kuya ku-Isixhumi se-600A NACS esipholile ngoketsheziyakhelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja kakhulu ezingaphezu kuka-350kW.

Ukuphathwa kwekhebula nokushisa.Ukuphakama kwamandla kagesi ngesigaba ngasinye somqhubi kusho ukuthi ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuba yisithiyo sokwakheka kokubopha. Abathumeli kumele baqinisekise ukugcinwa kwekhebula, ukuqina komjikelezo wokuhlangana, kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwesixhumi ngaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo we-600A. Ama-NACS ahlanganiswe ngoketshezi ahlanganisa iluphu yokupholisa (iziteshi zokupholisa noma amapayipi) ngqo kukhebula nesibambo, okuyimpoqo kumaseshini angu-350kW+ aqhubekayo - ukwakheka okufanayo kokushisa okudingekayo ekuguqukeni kwe-Megawatt Charging System (MCS).

I-stack yokuxhumana kanye nephrothokholi.I-NACS isebenzisa ukuxhumana okusekelwe ku-PLC (i-HomePlug Green PHY) ngokuvumelana ne-ISO 15118, okuvumelaXhuma futhi ushaje, ukudluliswa kwamandla okuqondiswa kwezinhlangothi ezimbili (ISO 15118-20:2022), kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-DIN 70121. Kubakhiqizi abavela ekukhiqizweni kwe-CCS1, i-PLC stack ijwayelekile — kodwa ukuxhawulana kwezinga lesixhumi, ukwabiwa kwephini, kanye ne-logic yokuthola uhlangothi lwemoto kuyahluka futhi kumele kuqinisekiswe kabusha ngokumelene ne-J3400 spec. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 akukashintshi ezingeni le-backend.

Ukwakhiwa kwezinga lesiteshi.Indlela ehlanzekile kakhulu yabathumeli abaningi inhloko ehlanganisiwe, ephindwe kabili: ikhabhinethi yamandla eyodwa enamasethi ekhebula le-NACS ne-CCS1 (kanye ne-CHAdeMO lapho kukhona khona imikhumbi yamandla endala), ehlanganyela amamojula kagesi afanayo. Lokhu yikho kanye ukucushwa kwemikhumbi ye-MIDA kuyo.Ipulaki ye-NACS DCkanye nomugqa wesiteshi esihlanganisiwe, okuvumela ama-CPO ukuthi akhonze imikhumbi exubile ka-2026 ngaphandle kokuvimbela amakhasimende akhona e-CCS1.

3. Izidingo Zesitifiketi Nokuthobela Imithetho

Isitifiketi siyingozi enkulu yokuhlela uhlelo lokuthumela ngaphandle lwe-NACS - izikhathi zokuhola zezinyanga eziyi-6-12 zivamile, futhi iziphathimandla zase-US (kanye nabahloli bezinsiza kanye ne-NEVI) zidinga ukufakwa ohlwini lwabantu besithathu, hhayi ukuzimemezela.

Izindlela ezintathu zokuthobela imithetho zidinga ukunakwa okuphezulu:

1. I-UL 2251 iyisivikelo sesango lesixhumi.I-UL 2251 ihlanganisa ama-plug, izitsha zokufaka, kanye nama-couplers okushaja i-EV futhi ibuyekeziwe ukuze ihlole izixhumi ze-J3400/NACS. Ukuqina komshini (imijikelezo yokuhlangana engaphezu kuka-10,000), imikhawulo yokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukuvikelwa kokungena (okulinganiselwe yi-IP), kanye nokukhululeka kokucindezeleka yizona zindlela zokuhlola eziyinhloko. Ama-MIDA'sIsiteshi sokushaja okusheshayo se-DC esine-150kW NACS CCS, esisohlwini lwe-UL lwe-USA, ikhombisa inqwaba ephelele yokuthobela imithetho — uhlu lweziteshi ze-UL 2202, CE (IEC 61851), kanye ne-CHAdeMO 2.0.1 — okumele umkhiqizo waseNyakatho Melika oncintisanayo uthwale.
2. Ukufaneleka kwe-NEVI sekuwumsebenzi wokuvala we-NACS.Isiqondiso se-FHWA sikaFebhuwari 2025 sidinga izixhumi ze-J3400 kumashaja asheshayo e-DC axhaswe nguhulumeni, kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza sonyaka esingu-97%, inkokhelo ye-RFID/engenakho ukuthinta, kanye namandla amancane angu-150kW. Abakhiqizi abahlose ama-NEVI corridors kumele baklame ngokuvumelana nalezi zidingo zokusebenza kusukela ngosuku lokuqala — ukuthembeka kwesofthiwe, hhayi nje isitifiketi sehadiwe, manje sekuyinto ehambisana nomthetho.
3. Izinguquko zesifundazwe nezesifundazwe zengeza izendlalelo.Izinhlelo ze-CEC kanye ne-Energy Commission zaseCalifornia, imiyalelo ye-ZEV yaseCanada kanye nezindinganiso ze-CSA, kanye nohlu lokuthengwa kwempahla oluqondene nezinsizakusebenza kungabeka amadokhumenti engeziwe kanye nokuhlolwa ngale kwemithetho kahulumeni. Uhlu lwe-NRTL oluphindwe kabili (UL + cUL) luyindlela ezenzakalelayo esebenzayo yokumbozwa kwemakethe yase-US-Canada.

Okushiwo ngumthumeli:Qala izinhlelo ze-UL 2251 kanye ne-UL 2202 ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo — isitifiketi sesikhathi sokuya emakethe, hhayi ubunjiniyela besikhathi sokuya emakethe, esizonquma ukuthi ubani owina amathenda ka-2026-2027.

4. Ithuba Lemakethe: Lapho Ushintsho lwe-NACS Ludala Imali Engenayo

Ushintsho aluyona nje umthwalo wokuthobela imithetho; lungomunye wemijikelezo emikhulu kakhulu yokushintsha ingqalasizinda emlandweni womkhakha we-EV.

• Ukwakhiwa kwenani eliphakeme kakhulu lohlelo lwe-NEVI.Uhlelo lwe-US$7.5B NEVI (oluvela kuMthetho Wengqalasizinda Ye-Bipartisan) luxhasa amashumi ezinkulungwane zamashaja asheshayo angu-150kW+ DC emigwaqweni ephakathi kwezifundazwe. Njengoba isidingo se-J3400 sesisebenza manje, zonke iziteshi ezixhaswe yi-NEVI ezisetshenziswe kuze kube ngu-2026-2028 zithengiswa ngokwendabuko ye-NACS - futhi i-MIDA isezingeni eliphindwe kabili.Ukufakwa kwe-NACS ultra-fast charging hubbonisa ukuthi ama-CPO ezakhiwo ezibhekiselayo ayacela.
• Igagasi lokulungisa kabusha le-CCS1 kanye nelokufaka esikhundleni.Kunezinkulungwane ezingamashumi zezixhumi ze-CCS1 ezisetshenziswayo kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika. Njengoba izindiza zabakhiqizi bezimoto i-NACS zikhula futhi ukufinyelela kwe-Tesla Supercharger kukhula, ama-CPO aqala ukuhambisa ashintsha noma afaka kabusha izinhlaka zekhebula ze-CCS1 ngamakhanda e-NACS. Kubakhiqizi abanezixhumi eziguquguqukayo, ezingashintshwa ensimini, lokhu kudala umfudlana wemali engenayo wezingxenye nezinsizakalo ophindaphindayo - hhayi nje ukuthengiswa kwesiteshi kanye kuphela.
• Umphumela we-halo we-Supercharger.Ngenxa yokuthi izimoto ze-NACS zingashaja eTesla Superchargers ngokwendabuko, iziteshi zasekhaya ze-NACS ziba yindawo yokusebenzisana yokuhlangenwe nakho komshayeli. Ama-CPO asebenzisa i-NACS athenga izinzuzo zokuthengwa nokusetshenziswa kwamakhasimende, okubenza bazimisele ukukhokha iprimiyamu yehadiwe eqinisekisiwe nethembekile kakhulu.
• Ukushaja okuphezulu kanye nokwehla kwezimoto.Amandla e-NACS okuphola ngoketshezi angu-350kW–600kW+ ahambisana negagasi leplatifomu yezimoto ezingu-800V/1000V kanye nohlelo lwe-MCS lwemikhumbi yezentengiselwano. Abathumeli abavele bephethe ukusebenza kahle okungu-96.5%+, amapulatifomu emoduli asekelwe ku-SiC, aphola ngoketshezi angahluka ku-TCO: ukulahlwa kwamandla okuphansi, ukuthunyelwa okuncane kokulungisa, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwempahla kuthuthukisa ngqo inzuzo ye-CPO.

Okushiwo ngumthumeli:Isivinini semivuzo yokushintsha kwe-NACS. Iwindi lika-2026-2027 yilapho amadola e-NEVI, amachweba endabuko abenzi bezimoto, kanye nesidingo sokulungisa kabusha kufana khona - futhi kuzoba yiwindi lokuthengisa elinomkhawulo ophezulu kakhulu wemigqa yemikhiqizo ye-NACS eqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokuba imakethe ithengiswe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezixhumi ze-NACS ne-CCS1?I-NACS iyipulaki eyodwa encane esekela ukushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-DC, kuyilapho i-CCS1 isebenzisa izixhumi ezimbili ezihlukene (i-inlet ye-J1772 ye-AC kanye nepulaki ye-DC ehlanganisiwe) futhi itholakala eNyakatho Melika kuphela. I-NACS, ebekwe njenge-SAE J3400, incane, ilula, futhi ilinganiswe ngobuningi bamanje obuphezulu (250A–600A+), yingakho ithathe indawo ye-CCS1 njengesixhumi esizenzakalelayo sama-EV amasha aseNyakatho Melika kanye namashaja axhaswe nguhulumeni.

2. Ingabe i-NACS iyimpoqo ekuthumeleni amashaja e-EV e-United States?I-NACS akuyona imfuneko esemthethweni yayo yonke imikhiqizo ethengiswa e-US, kodwa iyimpoqo ekusebenzeni kwezingxenye ezincintisanayo nezixhaswe nguhulumeni: Amashaja asheshayo e-DC axhaswe yi-NEVI kumele abe nezixhumi ze-J3400/NACS, futhi cishe zonke izimoto zonyaka wemodeli ezingaphezu kuka-2025 kanye namathenda amakhulu e-CPO athatha ikhono le-NACS. Amashaja e-CCS1 kuphela asasebenzela izimoto ezindala kodwa abhekene nemakethe ye-greenfield enciphayo.

3. Ingabe amashaja e-CCS1 akhona aphelelwa yisikhathi?Hhayi ngokushesha. Izigidi zezimoto ze-CCS1 zisalokhu zisemgwaqweni, futhi amashaja e-CCS1 azoqhubeka esebenza iminyaka eminingi ngama-adapter. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa okusha kufanele kube okwendabuko ye-NACS noma okujwayelekile okubili, ngoba ingxube yezimoto ishintshela ku-NACS futhi ukushaja kwe-CCS1 okuncike ku-adaptha kuzokwehlisa ulwazi lomshayeli kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa.

4. Yiziphi izitifiketi ezidingwa amashaja e-NACS emakethe yaseNyakatho Melika?I-stack eyinhloko yi-UL 2251 yesixhumi se-NACS/J3400 kanye ne-coupler, i-UL 2202 yeziteshi zokushaja okusheshayo ze-DC (UL 2594 yamayunithi e-AC), ukuhambisana ne-FCC Part 15 EMC, kanye ne-cUL/CSA yaseCanada. Izindinganiso zokusebenzisana ze-ISO 15118 (i-Plug & Charge), i-DIN 70121, kanye ne-OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 nazo ziyadingeka ekusetshenzisweni kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuxhaswa yi-NEVI.

5. Ingabe i-NACS ingakwazi ukusekela kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC kanye ne-DC?Yebo. Isici esichazayo sesixhumi se-NACS ukuthi amaphini ayo amahlanu aphethe i-AC (Level 1/2, kuze kufike ku-~19kW class) kanye namandla e-DC (kuze kufike ku-250kW+ ngezintambo ezijwayelekile kanye no-600kW+ ngezinhlangano ezipholile ngoketshezi). Lokhu kubili kwesixhumi esisodwa kuyisizathu esiyinhloko abenzi bezimoto kanye nabaqhubi bezindawo zokushaja abakusebenzisa, okwenza kube lula kokubili ukungena kwezimoto kanye nehadiwe yesiteshi.

6. I-NACS iyithinta kanjani isivinini sokushaja kanye namazinga wamandla?I-NACS ayivimbeli amandla — ivumela amandla amaningi. Izixhumi ze-NACS ezipholile ngoketshezi zilinganiselwe ku-600A+, zisekela izikhathi zokushaja kakhulu ezingama-350kW+ kanye negagasi lesikhulumi esingu-1000V, kanye nesiqondiso esibheke kumephu yendlela yokushaja ye-1MW Megawatt (MCS) yemikhumbi yezentengiselwano. Isivinini sangempela sokushaja sisancike kumamojula kagesi esiteshini kanye nesilinganiso sokwamukelwa kwemoto ngaphakathi.

7. Yini okufanele yenziwe ngumkhiqizi othumela kwamanye amazwe kuqala ukuze alungiselele ukuthobela imithetho ye-NACS?Qala uhlelo lobunjiniyela kanye nesitifiketi manje, ngasikhathi sinye: (1) fanelekela isixhumi se-NACS esiqinisekiswe yi-UL 2251 kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwekhebula (okuguquguqukayo okupholiswe ngomoya kanye nokupholiswe ngoketshezi), (2) klama isiteshi ngamakhanda ajwayelekile noma angashintshwa ensimini ukuze kusebenze imikhumbi exubile, kanye (3) qalisa uhlu lwesiteshi se-UL 2202 kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwe-ISO 15118/OCPP. Njengoba kunikezwe izikhathi zokuhola zesitifiketi sezinyanga eziyi-6-12, abakhiqizi abaqala ngo-2026 bazobekwa endaweni yefasitela lokuthenga le-NEVI eliphezulu kanye ne-retrofit ngo-2026-2027.

I-MIDA Power ingumhlinzeki ohamba phambili emhlabeni wonke wezixhumi zokushaja ze-EV, izintambo, amamojula kagesi, kanye neziteshi zokushaja okusheshayo ze-DC, kanti izixhumi ze-NACS zisukela ku-250A kuya ku-600A kanye neziteshi ezijwayelekile ezimbili ezikuhlu lwe-UL ezenzelwe imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika. Ngemibuzo ye-OEM/ODM, xhumana ne-MIDA Power.