Amahame ya NACS yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru: Ingaruka ku bakora ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga

Igisubizo cyihuse:Ishyirahamwe ry’Amerika y’Amajyaruguru ryo Gukoresha Inyongeramusaruro (NACS) — ubu risanzwe riri ku izina rya SAE J3400 — ryakuyeho CCS1 nk'umuhuza usanzwe wo gukoresha inyongeramusaruro wihuta wa DC muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada. Ku nganda zitumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, iyi ni gahunda y’ubuhanga n’amategeko: ibicuruzwa byoherezwa bidafite ubushobozi bwa J3400/NACS bishobora gutakaza uburenganzira bwo gufashwa na leta (NEVI), gutanga amasoko ya CPO, no kugera kuri interineti ya Tesla ya Supercharger. Inganda zemeza ko inyongeramusaruro za NACS n’izisanzwe mbere y’uko ubwiyongere bw’ingufu za 2026–2027 buzaba bufashe umugabane w’agaciro kanini w’isoko rya Amerika y’Amajyaruguru ryo kongera gukwirakwiza inyongeramusaruro n’isoko ry’ibidukikije.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• NACS ubu ni yo ikoreshwa mu kugenzura.Tesla yashinzwe mu 2012 yahindutse SAE J3400 mu Kuboza 2023, naho muri Gashyantare 2025 Ikigo gishinzwe imihanda minini cya Amerika (FHWA) cyahinduye amashanyarazi yihuta ya NEVI kugira ngo asabe J3400/NACS -- ikaba yarasoje ku mugaragaro itegeko rya CCS1 rya leta.
• CCS1 iri mu igabanuka ricungwa, ntabwo ari urupfu rw'ako kanya.Ishingiro ry’imodoka na sitasiyo za CCS1 riracyari rinini, bityo ingamba zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri 2026 ni sitasiyo zisanzwe ebyiri (NACS + CCS1) n’imiterere y’ibikoresho bishobora gusimbuzwa aho kuba gahunda yo guhuza imodoka imwe.
• Impinduka mu by'ubuhanga iri hejuru cyane kurusha plagi.NACS igira ingaruka ku miterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, imiterere y'insinga n'ubushyuhe (ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bwa 250A–600A+, gukonjesha amazi kuri HPC), itumanaho rikoresha PLC (Plug & Charge ISO 15118), hamwe n'ubufasha bwa platform ifite voltage nyinshi kugeza kuri 1000V.
• Icyemezo ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gufunga.Kubona isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bisaba UL 2251 (connectors/couplers), UL 2202 (DC fast chargers), FCC Part 15 compliance, hamwe na NEVI-mandated J3400 interoperability - urutonde rw'amategeko rufata amezi 6-12 kugira ngo rurangire.
• Amahirwe yo ku isoko ari imbere.Hamwe n’inkunga ya miliyari 7.5 z’amadolari ya Amerika muri NEVI, ubwiyongere bunini bwa CCS1, hamwe n’uburyo Tesla Supercharger ikoresha ubu bufunguye ku modoka zose za NACS, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bafite imirongo yemewe ya NACS babona inyungu ya mbere ku isoko ry’agaciro gakomeye ku isi ryo gushyushya.

Kwibira mu mazi menshi

1. Impinduka ya CCS1-kuva kuri NACS: Uburyo Tesla's Proprietary Plug yabaye Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'Inganda

Ikintu cy’ingenzi ku bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni uko NACS itakiri gahunda ya Tesla - ni uburyo bwo gushyushya busanzwe bwo muri Amerika ya Ruguru. SAE International yasohoye itangazo ryayo.J3400 mu Ukuboza 2023, kandi hagati ya Gicurasi 2023 na Gashyantare 2024 hafi ya buri sosiyete nini ikora imodoka - Ford, General Motors, Rivian, Hyundai, Kia, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Volkswagen, ndetse na Stellantis - batangaje ko NACS yegukanye imodoka zo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru guhera mu mwaka wa 2025.

Ingingo eshatu za politiki n'isoko byagize uruhare muri iyi mpinduka:

Ingaruka za Tesla ntizigarukira ku muhuza ubwawo. Iyi sosiyete yafunguye umuyoboro wayo wa Supercharger kuri Tesla EV zitari Tesla - mbere binyuze kuri adaptateri za Magic Dock mu 2023 hanyuma ikomoka aho abakora imodoka boherezaga ibyambu bya NACS - bituma amaduka yayo arenga 65,000 ku isi (kandi menshi aherereye muri Amerika ya Ruguru) aba inkingi y'urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bya NACS. Kugira ngo umenye amateka ya tekiniki y'impinduka mu miterere y'umuhuza, reba isuzuma rya MIDA ku ihinduka ry'umuhuza wa Tesla NACS.

Ibyo umucuruzi wohereza ibicuruzwa akura:Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya CCS1 gusa ubu irimo gutanga serivisi ku isoko ry'ibidukikije riri kugabanuka. Buri giciro cya 2026+ gitangwa n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi byo muri Amerika, ibigo by'imari n'imigabane, n'imishinga iterwa inkunga na NEVI kizasuzuma ubushobozi bwa NACS/J3400 nk'igisabwa cy'ibanze, ntabwo ari amahitamo.

2. Impinduka mu bya tekiniki Abakora mu mahanga bagomba kuba injeniyeri

Kuva kuri CCS1 ukajya kuri NACS si uguhindura ibara ry'ubwiza. Abakora bagomba kongera gutunganya icyuma gihuza insinga, guteranya insinga, gucunga ubushyuhe, n'urwego rw'itumanaho icyarimwe.

Imiterere y'amakuru ahuza amashanyarazi n'imiterere y'amashanyarazi.Umuhuza wa NACS ni plagi imwe, ntoya ifite pin 5 itwara ingufu za AC (Level 1/2) na DC — bitandukanye na CCS1, isaba J1772 ijyana AC hamwe na DC combo plug. Ingano nto igabanya igiciro cy’imodoka zinjira ku ruhande rw’imodoka n’uburemere bw’insinga, ariko yibanda ku bucucike bw’amashanyarazi buri hejuru mu ipaki nto. Ingano y’amashanyarazi ya DC ikoreshwa iva kuri 250A kugeza kuri 600A+ ku bwoko bukonjeshwa n’umwuka n’ubukonjeshwa n’amazi, hamwe na platifomu z’amashanyarazi zigera kuri 1000V ku modoka zigezweho za EV. Ingano y’umusaruro wa MIDA igaragaza iki gice cy’imbere, kuva kuri400A NACS connectorkuri sitasiyo zisanzwe za 150–250kW kugeza kuriicyuma gikonjesha cya 600A NACS gikozwe mu mazibyakozwe kugira ngo bikoreshe ingufu zirenze 350kW.

Imicungire y'insinga n'ubushyuhe.Kuba umuriro mwinshi kuri buri gice cy’amashanyarazi unyuramo bivuze ko kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe biba imbogamizi ku miterere y’icyuma gifatana. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kwemeza ko insinga zigumana, ko ziramba, kandi ko ubushyuhe buzamuka mu buryo burambye munsi ya 600A. Amatsinda ya NACS akonjeshejwe n’amazi ahuza umuyoboro wo gukonjesha (imiyoboro ikora cyangwa imiyoboro) mu buryo butaziguye mu nsinga no mu gikoresho, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa ku mikorere ihoraho ya 350kW+ - imiterere imwe y’ubushyuhe ikenewe kugira ngo sisitemu yo gushyushya ya Megawatt (MCS) ihinduke.

Itumanaho n'urutonde rwa protocole.NACS ikoresha itumanaho rishingiye kuri PLC (HomePlug Green PHY) hakurikijwe ISO 15118, bigatumaGucomeka no Gushaja, kohereza ingufu mu cyerekezo cy’imirongo ibiri (ISO 15118-20:2022), na DIN 70121 imikoranire. Ku nganda zikora CCS1, PLC stack irazwi — ariko uburyo bwo gusabana ku rwego rwo guhuza, gutanga pin, na logique yo kumenya imodoka biratandukanye kandi bigomba kongera kwemezwa hakurikijwe J3400 spec. OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 network intera ntabwo ihinduka ku rwego rwo inyuma.

Imiterere y'aho sitasiyo iherereye.Inzira isukuye ku bashoramari benshi bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni umutwe usanzwe, ufite ibipimo bibiri: akabati kamwe k'amashanyarazi gafite imiyoboro ya NACS na CCS1 (hamwe na CHAdeMO aho hari indege za kera), gasangiye module zimwe z'amashanyarazi. Iyi niyo imiterere y'ubwato bwa MIDA muri yo.Pulagi ya NACS DCn'umurongo wa sitasiyo zihuza indege, biha abashinzwe umutekano (CPOs) serivisi zo mu bwoko bwa 2026 zitarimo abakiriya basanzwe ba CCS1.

3. Ibisabwa mu kwemeza no kubahiriza amategeko

Icyemezo ni cyo kibazo gikomeye cyane mu bijyanye no gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri NACS — igihe cyo kwishyura cy’amezi 6-12 ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara, kandi abategetsi ba Amerika (ndetse n’abagenzuzi b’ibigo by’imari n’imigabane) basaba ko ibicuruzwa byashyirwa ku rutonde rw’abantu ba gatatu, ntabwo ari ibyo kwiyamamaza.

Imiterere itatu y’amategeko ikwiye kwitabwaho n’abayobozi bakuru:

1. UL 2251 ni umurinzi w'irembo uhuza ibyuma.UL 2251 itwikira plugs, receptacles, na couplers zo gusharija EV kandi yavuguruwe kugira ngo isuzume J3400/NACS connectors. Ubuhanga bwo kwihanganira imikorere (ingendo 10.000+ zo guhuza), ubushyuhe budashira, uburinzi bw'inyongera (IP-rated), no kugabanya ubushyuhe ni byo bintu by'ingenzi mu igeragezwa. MIDA'sSitasiyo ya DC yo gushyushya ya NACS CCS ifite imbaraga za 150kW, UL-yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'imodoka zo muri Amerika, igaragaza urutonde rwuzuye rw'amategeko — urutonde rwa sitasiyo ya UL 2202, CE (IEC 61851), na CHAdeMO 2.0.1 — ibicuruzwa byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru bihanganye bigomba kuba bifite.
2. Ubushobozi bwa NEVI bwabaye igikorwa cyo gufunga cya NACS.Amabwiriza ya FHWA yo muri Gashyantare 2025 asaba ko itumanaho rya J3400 rikoresha charger za DC zitangwa na leta, hamwe na 97% by'igihe cyo gukora buri mwaka, kwishyura RFID/contactless, hamwe n'ingufu nke za 150kW. Abakora ikoranabuhanga rya NEVI bagomba gukora ibi bikurikira kuva ku munsi wa mbere - kuba porogaramu yizewe, atari icyemezo cy'ibikoresho gusa, ubu ni ibintu bifatika.
3. Impinduka mu ntara no mu ntara byongera urwego.Gahunda za CEC na Komisiyo y'Ingufu muri California, amabwiriza ya ZEV ya Kanada n'amahame ya CSA, hamwe n'urutonde rw'amasoko yihariye ku bicuruzwa bishobora gushyiraho inyandiko n'ibizamini by'inyongera birenze amategeko ya leta. Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa bibiri bya NRTL (UL + cUL) ni cyo kintu gifatika kigaragara ku isoko rya Amerika na Kanada.

Ibyo umucuruzi wohereza ibicuruzwa akura:Gutangiza gahunda za UL 2251 na UL 2202 mu gihe kimwe no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa — kwemeza igihe cyo kugurisha, ntabwo ari ubwubatsi igihe cyo kugurisha, bizagena abatsindira amasoko yo kuva mu 2026 kugeza mu 2027.

4. Amahirwe yo Ku isoko: Aho impinduka ya NACS ibyara inyungu

Impinduka si umutwaro wo kubahiriza amategeko gusa; ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikomeye byo gusimbuza ibikorwa remezo mu mateka y’urwego rw’amashanyarazi.

• Gahunda ya NEVI imaze gutera imbere cyane.Gahunda ya NEVI y'amadolari ya Amerika miliyari 7.5 (ishingiye ku itegeko ry'ibikorwa remezo bihuriweho n'abayoboke ba Bipartisan) irimo gutera inkunga ibihumbi mirongo bya 150kW+ DC fast chargers ku mihanda yo hagati ya leta. Kubera ko ibisabwa na J3400 birimo gukurikizwa, buri sitasiyo iterwa inkunga na NEVI yashyizwe ahagaragara kuva 2026 kugeza 2028 ni igurishwa rya NACS - kandi MIDA ifite ibipimo bibiri.Gushyiramo ikigo cyo gusharija cya NACS vuba cyanegaragaza ko abashinzwe imicungire y'umutungo (CPOs) basaba imiterere y'ifatizo.
• Uburyo bwo kongera gukora no gusimbuza CCS1.Hari ibihumbi byinshi by'abahuza ba CCS1 bari muri serivisi hirya no hino muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Uko sosiyete zikora imodoka za NACS zigenda zikura kandi uburyo bwo kugera kuri Tesla Supercharger bugenda bwiyongera, abahuza ba mbere ba CPO barimo gusimbuza cyangwa kongera gushyiramo imiyoboro ya CCS1 hamwe n'imitwe ya NACS. Ku bakora imiyoboro ihuza ibikoresho ikoresha modular, ishobora gusimbuzwa, ibi bitanga inyungu ihoraho - atari ukugurisha rimwe gusa kuri sitasiyo.
• Ingaruka ya Supercharger halo.Kubera ko imodoka za NACS zishobora kwishyuza muri Tesla Superchargers, sitasiyo za NACS ziba ahantu ho gukorera hamwe kugira ngo abashoferi babeho. Abashinzwe umutekano mu by’ubucuruzi (CPOs) bakoresha NACS baba bagura inyungu zo kugura no gukoresha abakiriya, ibyo bikaba bituma biyemeza kwishyura amafaranga y’igiciro ku bikoresho byemewe kandi byizewe cyane.
• Gutanga amashanyarazi menshi kandi imodoka zigenda neza.Ubushobozi bwa NACS bwo gukonjesha amazi bwa 350kW–600kW+ bujyanye n’umuraba wa platform wave w’imodoka za 800V/1000V ndetse n’umurongo ngenderwaho wa MCS ku masosiyete y’ubucuruzi. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga basanzwe bafite imikorere myiza ya 96.5%+, platform za module zishingiye kuri SiC kandi zikonjesha amazi bashobora gutandukanya TCO: kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byo kubungabunga, no kumara igihe kirekire kw’umutungo byongera inyungu za CPO.

Ibyo umucuruzi wohereza ibicuruzwa akura:Impinduka ya NACS itanga ibihembo byihuse. Idirishya rya 2026-2027 ni igihe amafaranga ya NEVI, ibyambu by’abakora imodoka, n’ibikenewe byo kongera kuvugurura ibicuruzwa bihurirana - kandi rizaba ari ryo dirishya ryo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byemewe na NACS mbere yuko isoko rigurishwa.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

1. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ibihuza bya NACS na CCS1?NACS ni plug imwe nto ifasha AC na DC charger, mu gihe CCS1 ikoresha interfaces ebyiri zitandukanye (inlet ya J1772 kuri AC na plug ya DC ihuriweho) kandi ikoreshwa gusa muri Amerika ya Ruguru. NACS, isanzwe nka SAE J3400, ni nto, yoroheje, kandi ifite amanota menshi ku bucucike bw'amashanyarazi (250A–600A+), niyo mpamvu yasimbuye CCS1 nk'umuhuza usanzwe w'imodoka nshya za EV zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru n'iziterwa inkunga na leta.

2. Ese NACS ni itegeko mu kohereza chargers za EV muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika?NACS si itegeko rigenga buri gicuruzwa kigurishwa muri Amerika, ariko ni itegeko mu bikorwa ku mashami ahiganwa kandi aterwa inkunga na leta: Imashini zishyushya vuba za DC ziterwa inkunga na NEVI zigomba kuba zifite J3400/NACS connectors, kandi hafi imodoka zose zo mu mwaka wa 2025+ hamwe n’amasosiyete akomeye ya CPO zigira ubushobozi bwa NACS. Imashini zishyushya gusa za CCS1 ziracyakoresha imodoka za kera ariko zihanganye n’igabanuka ry’isoko ry’ibikomoka ku bidukikije.

3. Ese charger za CCS1 zisanzweho zirashaje?Ntabwo ari ako kanya. Imodoka za CCS1 zibarirwa muri za miriyoni ziracyari mu muhanda, kandi charger za CCS1 zizakomeza gukora imyaka myinshi binyuze kuri adaptateri. Ariko, ibikoresho bishya bigomba kuba bisanzwe muri NACS cyangwa bibiri, kuko ubwinshi bw'imodoka buri guhinduka cyane muri NACS kandi charger ya CCS1 ishingiye kuri adaptateri izagabanya uburambe bw'umushoferi n'umuvuduko wo kuyikoresha.

4. Ni izihe certificate NACS chargers ikeneye ku isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru?Igice cy'ibanze ni UL 2251 yo guhuza na konverteri ya NACS/J3400, UL 2202 yo gushyushya vuba DC (UL 2594 yo gushyushya AC), FCC Igice cya 15 EMC ikurikiza, na cUL/CSA yo muri Kanada. Amabwiriza agenga imikoranire ya ISO 15118 (Plug & Charge), DIN 70121, na OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 arakenewe kandi mu gushyiraho imiyoboro ya interineti kandi iterwa inkunga na NEVI.

5. Ese NACS ishobora gushyigikira AC na DC charger?Yego. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cya NACS connector ni uko pin eshanu zayo zifite AC (urwego rwa 1/2, kugeza kuri ~19kW) n’ingufu za DC (kugeza kuri 250kW+ hamwe n’insinga zisanzwe na 600kW+ hamwe n’ibikoresho bikonjeshwa n’amazi). Ubu buryo bwo guhuza ibyuma bugizwe n’ibice bibiri ni impamvu nyamukuru yatumye abakora imodoka n’abakoresha charge point babyemeza, byoroshya inzira zo kwinjiramo imodoka ku ruhande ndetse n’ibikoresho bya sitasiyo.

6. Ni gute NACS igira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gusharija n'urwego rw'ingufu?NACS ntabwo igabanya ingufu — ituma ingufu ziyongera. Ibikoresho bya NACS bikonjeshwa n'amazi bifite amanota ya 600A+, bishyigikira 350kW+ hyper-charging sessions na 1000V platform wave, hamwe n'icyerekezo cyo gushyira imbere gahunda ya 1MW Megawatt Charging System (MCS) ku magare y'ubucuruzi. Umuvuduko nyawo wo gushyushya uracyaterwa n'amashanyarazi ya sitasiyo n'igipimo cyo kwakira imodoka.

7. Ni iki uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga rugomba gukora mbere na mbere kugira ngo rwitegure kubahiriza amategeko ya NACS?Tangira gahunda y’ubuhanga n’impamyabushobozi ubu ngubu, mu buryo bukurikira: (1) kuzuza icyuma gihuza na NACS cyemewe na UL 2251 n’insinga (zikonjeshwa n’umwuka n’amazi), (2) shushanya sitasiyo ifite imitwe ibiri isanzwe cyangwa ishobora gusimbuzwa kugira ngo ikorere indege zivanze, na (3) tangira urutonde rwa sitasiyo ya UL 2202 hamwe n’igerageza rya ISO 15118/OCPP. Bitewe n’igihe cyo gutanga icyemezo cy’amezi 6-12, abakora ibikoresho bazatangira muri 2026 bazashyirwa mu mwanya w’abazatanga serivisi nziza za NEVI n’izivugurura mu 2026-2027.

MIDA Power ni ikigo gikomeye ku isi gitanga serivisi zo gushyushya amashanyarazi, insinga, module z'amashanyarazi, na sitasiyo zo gushyushya amashanyarazi vuba za DC, aho umuhuza wa NACS uri hagati ya 250A na 600A na sitasiyo ebyiri zisanzwe za UL zakorewe ku isoko rya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Ku bibazo bya OEM/ODM, hamagara MIDA Power.