Umgangatho we-NACS waseMntla Melika: Impembelelo kubavelisi abathumela kwamanye amazwe

Impendulo ekhawulezileyo:I-North American Charging Standard (NACS) — ngoku emiselweyo njenge-SAE J3400 — isuse i-CCS1 njengesixhumi esizenzekelayo se-DC fast-charging e-United States naseKhanada. Kubavelisi abathumela kwamanye amazwe, le yindlela yobunjineli eyimfuneko kunye nokuthobela imithetho: iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kobuchule be-J3400/NACS zisengozini yokulahlekelwa yimali yokuxhasa urhulumente (NEVI), iithenda zokuthengwa kwe-CPO, kunye nokufikelela kwinethiwekhi ye-Supercharger yeTesla. Abavelisi abaqinisekisa izixhumi ze-NACS kunye nezitishi ezisemgangathweni ophindwe kabini ngaphambi kwencopho yokwakha ka-2026–2027 baya kufumana isabelo sexabiso eliphezulu semarike ye-retrofit yaseMntla Melika kunye ne-greenfield.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• I-NACS ngoku yindlela esetyenziswayo yokulawula.Isixhumi seTesla esaziswa ngo-2012 saba yi-SAE J3400 ngoDisemba ka-2023, kwaye ngoFebruwari ka-2025 i-US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) yatshintsha iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ezixhaswa yi-NEVI ukuze zifune i-J3400/NACS — nto leyo eyaphelisa ngokusesikweni igunya likarhulumente le-CCS1.
• I-CCS1 iphantsi kolawulo, ayifi ngoko nangoko.Isiseko esifakelweyo sezithuthi zeCCS1 kunye nezikhululo sisaqhubeka sikhulu, ngoko ke icebo lokuthumela ngaphandle eliphumeleleyo lika-2026 zizitishi ezisemgangathweni ophindwe kabini (NACS + CCS1) kunye noyilo olunokutshintshwa ngeplagi endaweni yokubheja ngesixhumi esinye.
• Utshintsho lobunjineli lunzulu kakhulu kuneplagi.I-NACS ichaphazela ijiyometri yesixhumi, uyilo lwentambo kunye nobushushu (ubuchule bangoku be-250A–600A+, ukupholisa ulwelo kwi-HPC), ii-stacks zonxibelelwano (i-Plug & Charge esekelwe kwi-PLC ye-ISO 15118), kunye nenkxaso yeqonga le-voltage ephezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000V.
• Isiqinisekiso sisizathu esibalulekileyo.Ukufikelela kwimarike yaseMntla Melika kufuna i-UL 2251 (izihlanganisi/iziqhagamsheli), i-UL 2202 (iitshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC), ukuthotyelwa kwe-FCC Part 15, kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-J3400 okuya kugunyaziswa yi-NEVI — isixa sokuthobela imithetho esithatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 ukugqitywa.
• Ithuba lemarike liphambili.Nge-US$7.5B kwi-NEVI support, i-CCS1 retrofit wave enkulu, kunye nokufikelela kwiTesla Supercharger ngoku kuvulelekile kuzo zonke izithuthi ze-NACS, abathengisi ngaphandle abaneemveliso ze-NACS eziqinisekisiweyo bafumana ithuba lokuqala kwimarike yokutshaja ebaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Ukuntywila nzulu

1. Utshintsho lwe-CCS1-ukuya kwi-NACS: Indlela iPlug yeTesla's Proprietary eyaba yiMigangatho yoShishino ngayo

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubathengisi bamanye amazwe kukuba i-NACS ayiseyiyo inyathelo leTesla — yindlela eqhelekileyo yokutshaja yaseMntla Melika. I-SAE International ipapasheI-J3400 ngoDisemba 2023, kwaye phakathi kukaMeyi 2023 noFebruwari 2024 phantse bonke abenzi beemoto abakhulu — iFord, iGeneral Motors, iRivian, iHyundai, iKia, iBMW, iMercedes-Benz, iToyota, iVolkswagen, kwaye ekugqibeleni iStellantis — babhengeze ukwamkelwa kweNACS kwiimoto zaseMntla Melika ukususela kunyaka wemodeli ka-2025.

Izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo nakwimarike zithintele olu tshintsho:

Impembelelo kaTesla idlulela ngaphaya kwesixhumi ngokwaso. Le nkampani yavula inethiwekhi yayo yeSupercharger kwii-EV ezingezizo zeTesla — okokuqala nge-adapters zeMagic Dock ngo-2023 yaza emva koko njengoko abenzi beemoto bathumela amazibuko e-NACS — nto leyo eyenza ukuba ii-stalls zayo ezingaphezu kwama-65,000 zehlabathi (kwaye uninzi lwazo lukwiMntla Melika) zibe yintsika ye-ecosystem ye-NACS. Ukuze ufumane imbali yobugcisa yophuhliso loyilo lwesixhumi, jonga uphononongo lobunjineli lwe-MIDA malunga nophuhliso lwesixhumi seTesla NACS.

Ingqwalasela yomthumeli ngaphandle:Imigca yemveliso ye-CCS1 kuphela ngoku isebenza kwimarike ye-greenfield enciphayo. Yonke ithenda ye-2026+ evela kwi-US CPOs, utility, kunye neeprojekthi ezixhaswa yi-NEVI ziya kuvavanya amandla e-NACS/J3400 njengemfuneko esisiseko, kungekhona ukhetho.

2. Utshintsho lobuchwephesha Ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe Abavelisi kufuneka babe yiNjineli

Ukuziqhelanisa ne-CCS1 ukuya kwi-NACS akulotshintsho lwe-mold oluvela kwi-cosmetic mold. Abavelisi kufuneka baphinde bayile i-connector, i-cable assembly, ulawulo lobushushu, kunye nomgangatho wonxibelelwano ngaxeshanye.

Ijiyometri yesixhumi kunye noyilo lombane.Isixhumi se-NACS sisiplagi esinye, esincinci esineephini ezi-5 esithwala zombini amandla e-AC (Level 1/2) kunye ne-DC — ngokungafaniyo ne-CCS1, efuna i-inlet eyahlukileyo ye-J1772 ye-AC kunye neplagi ye-DC combo. I-form factor encinci inciphisa iindleko zokungena ecaleni kwesithuthi kunye nobunzima bekhebula, kodwa igxininisa uxinano oluphezulu lwamandla kwiphakheji encinci. Uvavanyo lwamandla e-DC olusebenzayo luqala kwi-250A ukuya kwi-600A+ kwiindidi ezipholileyo ngomoya kunye nezipholileyo ngolwelo, kunye namaqonga e-voltage afikelela kwi-1000V kwii-EV zesizukulwana esilandelayo. Uluhlu lwemveliso ye-MIDA lubonisa eli candelo, ukusuka kwi-Isixhumi se-400A NACSkwizikhululo eziqhelekileyo ze-150–250kW ukuya kwi-Isixhumi se-600A NACS esipholileyo ngolweloyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kokutshaja okuphezulu okungaphezulu kwama-350kW.

Ulawulo lwentambo kunye nobushushu.Umlinganiselo ophezulu wamandla nge-conductor nganye uthetha ukuba ukunyuka kobushushu kuba ngumqobo woyilo lokubopha. Abathumeli ngaphandle kufuneka baqinisekise ukugcinwa kwentambo, ukuqina komjikelo wokudibana, kunye nokunyuka kobushushu besixhumi phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo we-600A. Iindibano ze-NACS ezipholileyo ngolwelo zidibanisa iluphu yokupholisa (iitshaneli zokupholisa okanye iipayipi) ngqo kwintambo kunye nesiphatho, nto leyo iyimfuneko kwiiseshoni ezihlala ixesha elide ze-350kW+ - uyilo olufanayo lobushushu olufunekayo kwinguquko yeNkqubo yokuTshaja yeMegawatt (MCS).

Unxibelelwano kunye ne-protocol stack.I-NACS isebenzisa unxibelelwano olusekelwe kwi-PLC (i-HomePlug Green PHY) ngokuhambelana ne-ISO 15118, nto leyo evumelaIplagi kunye nokutshaja, ukudluliselwa kwamandla kwicala ngalinye (ISO 15118-20:2022), kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-DIN 70121. Kubavelisi abavela kwimveliso ye-CCS1, i-PLC stack iqhelekile — kodwa ukuxhawulana kwinqanaba lesixhumi, ukwabiwa kwephini, kunye ne-vehicle-side detection logic zahlukile kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwakhona ngokuchasene ne-J3400 spec. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ye-OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 akutshintshi kwinqanaba lasemva.

Uyilo lwesakhiwo esikumgangatho wesitishi.Eyona ndlela icocekileyo kubathengisi bamanye amazwe abaninzi yintloko eneemodyuli, ekumgangatho ophindwe kabini: ikhabhathi yamandla enye eneeseti zekhebula ze-NACS kunye ne-CCS1 (kunye ne-CHAdeMO apho kukho khona iinqanawa zamandla ezindala), zabelana ngeemodyuli zamandla ezifanayo. Le yiyo kanye i-MIDA configuration ships kwi-yayo.Iplagi ye-NACS DCkunye nomgca wesitishi esidibeneyo, ovumela ii-CPO ukuba zikhonze iinqanawa ezixutyiweyo zika-2026 ngaphandle kokuthintela abathengi be-CCS1 abakhoyo.

3. Iimfuneko zeSatifikethi kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho

Isatifikethi sesona sithintelo sikhulu sokucwangcisa inkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle ye-NACS - amaxesha okukhokela eenyanga ezi-6-12 aqhelekile, kwaye amagunya ase-US (kunye nabahloli beenkonzo kunye ne-NEVI) afuna uludwe lwabantu besithathu, hayi ukuvuma.

Iindlela ezintathu zokuthobela imithetho zifuna ingqwalaselo ephezulu:

1. I-UL 2251 ngumlindi wesango lokudibanisa.I-UL 2251 igubungela iiplagi, ii-receptaclers, kunye nee-couplers zokutshaja kwe-EV kwaye ihlaziyiwe ukuze ivavanye izihlanganisi ze-J3400/NACS. Ukunyamezela koomatshini (imijikelo yokudibana engaphezu kwe-10,000), imida yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, ukhuseleko lokungena (olulinganiswe yi-IP), kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo zezona ndlela ziphambili zovavanyo.Isikhululo sokutshaja esikhawulezayo se-DC esine-150kW NACS CCS combo, sidweliswe kwi-UL e-USA, ibonisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lokuthobela imithetho — uluhlu lwesitishi se-UL 2202, CE (IEC 61851), kunye ne-CHAdeMO 2.0.1 — ekufuneka imveliso yaseMntla Melika ikhuphisane nayo ithwale.
2. Ukufaneleka kwe-NEVI kuye kwaba ngumsebenzi wokuvala i-NACS.Isikhokelo se-FHWA sikaFebruwari 2025 sifuna izihlanganisi ze-J3400 kwiitshaja ze-DC ezikhawulezayo ezixhaswa ngurhulumente, kunye nexesha lokusebenza lonyaka le-97%, intlawulo ye-RFID/engenanxibelelwano, kunye namandla amancinci e-150kW. Abavelisi abajolise kwiikhorido ze-NEVI kufuneka bayile ezi mfuno zokusebenza ukususela ngomhla wokuqala - ukuthembeka kwesoftware, kungekuphela nje ukuqinisekiswa kwehardware, ngoku kuyafezekiswa.
3. Utshintsho lwephondo nolwelizwe longeza iileya.Iinkqubo zeCEC kunye neKhomishini yaMandla yaseCalifornia, imiyalelo yeZEV yaseKhanada kunye nemigangatho yeCSA, kunye noluhlu lokuthengwa kwezinto ezithile eziluncedo zinokubeka amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo kunye novavanyo ngaphaya kwemithetho karhulumente. Uluhlu lweNRTL oluphindwe kabini (UL + cUL) luyinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo kwimarike yase-US-Canada.

Ingqwalasela yomthumeli ngaphandle:Qalisa iinkqubo ze-UL 2251 kunye ne-UL 2202 ngaxeshanye nophuhliso lwemveliso — isiqinisekiso sexesha lokuya kwimarike, hayi ubunjineli sexesha lokuya kwimarike, esiya kugqiba ukuba ngubani ophumelele iithenda zika-2026–2027.

4. Amathuba eMarike: Apho utshintsho lwe-NACS ludala ingeniso

Olu tshintsho alungomthwalo nje wokuthobela imithetho; ngomnye wemijikelo emikhulu yokutshintshwa kweziseko zophuhliso kwimbali yecandelo le-EV.

• Incopho yokwakhiwa kwenkqubo ye-NEVI.Inkqubo ye-US$7.5B NEVI (evela kuMthetho weZiseko zoPhuhliso zeBipartisan) ixhasa amashumi amawaka eetshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-150kW+ DC kwiindlela eziphakathi kwamazwe. Njengoko imfuneko ye-J3400 isebenza ngoku, zonke izitishi ezixhaswa yi-NEVI ezisasazwe ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2026-2028 zithengiswa ngokwe-NACS - kwaye i-MIDA ikumgangatho ophindwe kabini.Ukufakwa kweendawo zokutshaja ezikhawulezayo kakhulu ze-NACSbonisa ukuba ii-CPO zezakhiwo zesalathiso zicela ntoni.
• I-CCS1 retrofit kunye ne-replacement wave.Kukho amashumi amawaka ezixhumi zeCCS1 ezisebenza kulo lonke elaseMntla Melika. Njengoko abenzi beemoto beNACS bekhula kwaye ukufikelela kwiTesla Supercharger kukhula, iiCPOs ezifudukayo kwangoko zitshintsha okanye zilungisa iindibano zekhebula zeCCS1 ngeentloko zeNACS. Kubavelisi abanezixhumi eziguquguqukayo, ezinokutshintshelwa ebaleni, oku kudala umjelo wengeniso ophindaphindayo wezixhobo kunye nenkonzo - kungekuphela nje ukuthengiswa kwesitishi kube kanye.
• Isiphumo se-Supercharger halo.Ngenxa yokuba izithuthi ze-NACS zinokutshaja kwiTesla Superchargers ngokwendalo, izikhululo zasekhaya ze-NACS ziba yindawo yokusebenzisana yamava omqhubi. Ii-CPO ezisebenzisa i-NACS zithenga izibonelelo zokufumana abathengi kunye nokusebenzisa, nto leyo ebenza bazimisele ukuhlawula iprimiyamu yezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo nezithembekileyo.
• Ukutshaja okuphezulu kunye nokuhamba kwezithuthi eziphezulu.Amandla e-NACS okuphola ngolwelo angama-350kW–600kW+ ahambelana ne-800V/1000V vehicle platform wave kunye ne-MCS roadmap yeenqwelo zorhwebo. Abathumeli ngaphandle abasele besebenza kakuhle ngama-96.5% nangaphezulu, amaqonga eemodyuli ezisekelwe kwi-SiC, ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo anokwahluka kwi-TCO: inkunkuma yamandla ephantsi, ukuthunyelwa okuncinci kokugcinwa, kunye nobomi obude bempahla buphucula ngokuthe ngqo inzuzo ye-CPO.

Ingqwalasela yomthumeli ngaphandle:Isantya sembuyekezo yotshintsho lwe-NACS. Isithuba sika-2026-2027 silapho iidola ze-NEVI, iiports zasekhaya ze-automaker, kunye nemfuno yokulungisa izinto zidibana khona - kwaye iya kuba sisithuba sokuthengisa esiphakamileyo kwimigca yemveliso ye-NACS eqinisekisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba imakethi ithengiswe.

FAQ

1. Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezihlanganisi ze-NACS kunye ne-CCS1?I-NACS yiplagi enye encinci exhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC, ngelixa i-CCS1 isebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo (i-inlet ye-J1772 ye-AC kunye neplagi ye-DC edibeneyo) kwaye ifumaneka kuphela eMntla Melika. I-NACS, emiselweyo njenge-SAE J3400, incinci, ilula, kwaye ilinganiswe ngobuninzi bombane (250A–600A+), yiyo loo nto ithathe indawo ye-CCS1 njengesixhumi esimiselweyo see-EV ezintsha zaseMntla Melika kunye neetshaja ezixhaswa yi-federal.

2. Ngaba i-NACS iyimfuneko ekuthumeleni iitshaja ze-EV eMelika?I-NACS ayilomfuneko esemthethweni kuyo yonke imveliso ethengiswayo e-US, kodwa iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwiindawo ezikhuphisanayo nezixhaswa yi-federal: Iitshaja ze-DC ezixhaswa yi-NEVI kufuneka zithwale izihlanganisi ze-J3400/NACS, kwaye phantse zonke iimoto zonyaka wemodeli ezingama-2025 nangaphezulu kunye neethenda ezinkulu ze-CPO zithatha amandla e-NACS. Iitshaja ze-CCS1 kuphela zisasebenzela izithuthi ezindala kodwa zijongene nemarike ye-greenfield enciphayo.

3. Ngaba iitshaja zeCCS1 ezikhoyo ziyaphelelwa lixesha?Hayi ngoko nangoko. Izigidi zezithuthi zeCCS1 zisasebenza, kwaye iitshaja zeCCS1 ziya kuhlala zisebenza iminyaka ngeeadaptha. Nangona kunjalo, ukufakelwa okutsha kufuneka kube kokwe-NACS okanye kube kokwe-dual-standard, kuba umxube wezithuthi utshintshela kwi-NACS kwaye ukutshaja kweCCS1 okuxhomekeke kwiadaptha kuya kunciphisa amava omqhubi kunye namazinga okusetyenziswa.

4. Zeziphi iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo kwiitshaja ze-NACS kwimarike yaseMntla Melika?I-stack engundoqo yi-UL 2251 yesixhumi se-NACS/J3400 kunye ne-coupler, i-UL 2202 yezikhululo zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-DC (UL 2594 yeeyunithi ze-AC), ukuthotyelwa kwe-FCC Part 15 EMC, kunye ne-cUL/CSA yaseKhanada. Imigangatho yokusebenzisana kwe-ISO 15118 (iPlug & Charge), i-DIN 70121, kunye ne-OCPP 1.6J/2.0.1 nazo ziyafuneka kwiindawo zokusasazwa ezixhaswa yi-NEVI.

5. Ngaba i-NACS ingaxhasa ukutshaja kwe-AC kunye ne-DC?Ewe. Uphawu olucacileyo lwesixhumi se-NACS kukuba iiphini zaso ezintlanu ziphethe zombini i-AC (Inqanaba 1/2, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-~19kW class) kunye namandla e-DC (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-250kW+ ngeentambo eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-600kW+ enezixhobo ezipholileyo zolwelo). Olu qhagamshelo lwe-single-connector luyimbangela ephambili yokuba abenzi beemoto kunye nabaqhubi beendawo zokutshaja balusebenzise, ​​okwenza kube lula zombini ii-inlets zemoto kunye nezixhobo zesikhululo.

6. I-NACS iyichaphazela njani isantya sokutshaja kunye namanqanaba ombane?I-NACS ayivali amandla — ivumela uxinano lwamandla aphezulu. Izihlanganisi ze-NACS ezipholileyo ngolwelo zilinganiswe kwi-600A+, zixhasa iiseshoni zokutshaja kakhulu ze-350kW+ kunye ne-1000V platform wave, kunye ne-headroom ejolise kwi-1MW Megawatt Charging System (MCS) roadmap yeenqwelo zorhwebo. Isantya sokutshaja sokwenyani sisaxhomekeke kwiimodyuli zamandla zesikhululo kunye nesantya sokwamkelwa kwesithuthi.

7. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ngumvelisi othumela kwamanye amazwe kuqala ukuze alungiselele ukuthobela imithetho ye-NACS?Qalisa inkqubo yobunjineli kunye nesatifikethi ngoku, ngaxeshanye: (1) ufanelekele isixhumi se-NACS esiqinisekisiweyo se-UL 2251 kunye nendibano yekhebula (iintlobo ezipholileyo ngomoya nezipholileyo ngolwelo), (2) yila isikhululo ngeentloko ezisemgangathweni ophindwe kabini okanye ezinokutshintshelwa kwintsimi ukuze zikhonze iinqwelo ezixutyiweyo, kwaye (3) qalisa uluhlu lwesikhululo se-UL 2202 kunye novavanyo lokuhambelana kwe-ISO 15118/OCPP. Ngenxa yexesha lokukhokela kwesatifikethi seenyanga ezi-6-12, abavelisi abaqala ngo-2026 baya kubekwa kwindawo efanelekileyo kwi-NEVI kunye nefestile yokuthenga entsha ngo-2026-2027.

I-MIDA Power ngumthengisi ohamba phambili kwihlabathi liphela wezihlanganisi zokutshaja ze-EV, iintambo, iimodyuli zamandla, kunye nezitishi zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ze-DC, kunye nezitishi zokutshaja ze-NACS eziqala kwi-250A ukuya kwi-600A kunye nezitishi ezisemgangathweni ezimbini ezidweliswe kwi-UL ezenzelwe imakethi yaseMntla Melika. Ukuba unemibuzo nge-OEM/ODM, nxibelelana ne-MIDA Power.