Kewaya Tsarin Dokoki don Tsarin Cajin BESS

Amsa Mai Sauri

Tsarin caji na BESS yana nufin kewaya matrix na ƙa'idodin haɗi, ƙa'idodin sadarwa, lambobin tsaron baturi, da takaddun shaida na yanki - kuma samun kowane ɗayansu ba daidai ba na iya jinkirta aiwatarwa da watanni ko toshe shiga kasuwa gaba ɗaya. Hanyar bin ƙa'idodi ta aiki tana da matakai huɗu: ƙa'idodin caji (CCS1/CCS2/NACS/GBT/CHAdeMO da MCS), ƙa'idodin sadarwa (OCPP 2.0.1, ISO 15118, IEC 61851), amincin baturi da wuta (UN38.3, NFPA 855, IEC 62619, lambobin grid na gida), da takaddun shaida na kasuwa (CE, UKCA, UL/ETL, TÜV, CB). Mai kera kayayyaki masu bin ƙa'ida yana jigilar kayan aikin da suka riga sun cika waɗannan layukan, don haka sauran aikin mai siye shine izinin matakin wurin da haɗin grid. Wannan jagorar tana zana taswirar yankin yanayin ƙasa ta yanki ta yanki kuma tana bayyana yadda ake tsara sayayya don guje wa jinkiri da bin ƙa'ida ke haifarwa.

Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

• Bin ƙa'ida wani tsari ne mai matakai: ma'aunin haɗi → yarjejeniyar sadarwa → lambar amincin baturi → takardar shaidar kasuwa.
• Takaddun shaida na yanki (CE vs. UL vs. UKCA) ƙofar shiga kasuwa ce, ba ƙarin zaɓi ba.
• Lambobin matakin baturi (UN38.3 transport, IEC 62619, NFPA 855 siting) suna jagorantar ƙirar shafin, ba kawai ƙirar samfura ba.
• ISO 15118 Plug & Charge da OCPP 2.0.1 suna zama buƙatu na gaske a cikin tayin EU da Arewacin Amurka.
• Ya kamata sayayya ta buƙaci takaddun shaida kafin siyayya, ba bayan an kawo ba.

Ma'aunin Ka'idojin Duniya

Mataki na farko a cikin kowane aikin caji na BESS shine gano waɗanne ƙa'idodi ne suka shafi kasuwar da aka nufa. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna manyan buƙatu ta yanki:

Bayan haka, an lura da abubuwa biyu masu amfani. Na farko, ma'aunin haɗin shine ƙofar kasuwa: tashar CCS2 kawai ba za ta iya yin hidimar motocin NACS bisa doka a Arewacin Amurka ba, kuma akasin haka. Na biyu, nauyin takardar shaida ya fi girma inda aka haɗa BESS da caja, saboda haɗin na'urar dole ne ta cika ƙa'idodin EVSE da na ajiyar batir a lokaci guda.

Mai Haɗa Caji da Ka'idojin Sadarwa

Daidaiton haɗin haɗi shine mafi kyawun buƙatun ƙa'idoji, kuma shine wanda aka fi yawan sarrafa shi ba daidai ba a lokacin siye. Yanayin a cikin 2026 ya haɗa da:

• CCS1— Ma'aunin Arewacin Amurka don caji mai sauri na DC, yana tallafawa 80–500 A tare da haɗin shigarwar AC/DC.
• CCS2- ƙa'idar Turai ta DC (125–1000 A), wacce aka wajabta wa sabbin na'urorin caji na jama'a a cikin EU a ƙarƙashin tsarin Dokokin Kayayyakin Man Fetur na Madadin (AFIR).
• NACS (Mai haɗa Tesla)— yanzu an daidaita shi (SAE J3400) kuma an karɓe shi sosai a faɗin OEMs na Arewacin Amurka; yawancin tashoshin BESS suna jigilar masu haɗawa da yawa ko kuma tsarin NACS na asali.
• CHAdeMO- tsohuwar tsarin Japan, wanda har yanzu ake buƙata don motocin da ke kasuwar Japan da wasu jiragen ruwa.
• GBT- ƙa'idar ƙasar Sin don tura sojoji zuwa cikin gida.
• MCS (Tsarin Cajin Megawatt)— ƙa'idar da ke tasowa don cajin manyan motoci masu nauyi, wanda ke nufin zaman 1 MW+; cibiyoyin BESS na farko sun dace da MCS.

A ɓangaren sadarwa, ƙa'idoji biyu ne suka mamaye ƙa'idodin sayayya.OCPP 2.0.1yanzu shine tushen cajin jama'a na EU kuma ana ƙara buƙatarsa ​​​​a cikin tayin Amurka don tsarin tsaro da ayyukan caji mai wayo;ISO 15118yana ba da damar sadarwa ta hanyar Plug & Charge da V2G mai kusurwa biyu, kuma wajibi ne ga masu caji na EU a ƙarƙashin jadawalin AFIR. [Tashar caji ta BESS](https://www.midapower.com/bess-charging-station/) wacce ke goyan bayan duka biyun, tare da siginar IEC 61851, tana da alaƙa da kusan kowace rundunar EMS da motocin da ke kasuwa.

Yarda da Baturi da Tsaron Wuta

Bin ƙa'idodin aminci na batir shine inda ayyukan BESS galibi ke tsayawa, saboda buƙatun sun shafi matakan sufuri, samfura, da wuraren aiki:

Sufuri: UN38.3.Kowace batirin lithium dole ne ta wuce UN38.3 (tsawo, zafi, girgiza, girgiza, gajeriyar da'ira ta waje, tasiri, ƙarin caji, tilasta fitarwa) don jigilar kaya ta iska, teku, ko hanya. Masu siye ya kamata su nemi taƙaitaccen gwajin UN38.3 da MSDS ga kowane toshewar batirin da ke cikin tsarin.

Samfuri: IEC 62619 / UL 1973.Waɗannan ƙa'idodi sun shafi amincin tsarin batirin masana'antu—kariyar caji fiye da kima, hana guduwar zafi, da kuma gano lahani a matakin tantanin halitta. UL 1973 (ko sabbin hanyoyin da suka dogara da UL 9540A) sun shafi kasuwar Arewacin Amurka; IEC 62619 ya shafi yawancin sauran yankuna.

Wurin aiki: NFPA 855 (Amurka) / lambobin kashe gobara na gida.NFPA 855 ta ƙayyade tazara, iska, kashe gobara, da buƙatun gaggawa don ajiyar ajiya mai tsayawa—gami da ko batirin zai iya kasancewa a cikin gida, nisan da dole ne ya kasance daga layukan gidaje, da kuma alamun da ake buƙata. Yawancin hukumomin Turai da Asiya suna ɗaukar irin waɗannan ƙa'idodi ta hanyar lambobin lantarki na ƙasa ko hukumomin kashe gobara na gida. Waɗannan buƙatun matakin wurin suna shafar tsarin zahiri na cibiyar, ba kawai takamaiman samfurin ba.

Sinadaran ƙwayoyin halitta.Kwayoyin LFP (lithium iron phosphate) suna mamaye aikace-aikacen caji na BESS wani ɓangare don aminci: sun fi ƙarfin zafi fiye da NMC, wanda ke sauƙaƙa bin ƙa'idodin wuta da kuma biyan kuɗin inshora. Wannan fa'ida ce ta ƙa'ida da ta cancanci a ƙididdige ta yayin ƙirar wurin.

Bukatun Haɗin Grid da Amfani

Yarjejeniyar haɗin grid ita ce ɗayan ƙofar dokoki. Sharuɗɗan amfani suna buƙatar haɗin BESS akan:

• Izinin fitarwa.Shafukan da ke shirin sayar da makamashi (V2G, fitar da kayayyaki ta hanyar sulhu, ko rarar hasken rana) dole ne su nemi izinin fitarwa ko jadawalin kuɗin aunawa/tara kuɗi; shafukan da ke caji daga grid kawai suna fuskantar haɗin kai mai sauƙi na shigo da kaya kawai.
• Kariya da tsibiri.Dole ne PCS ta haɗa da kariyar hana tsibirai don haka wurin zai katse daga layin wutar lantarki yayin da ake katsewa - buƙatar tsaro a ƙarƙashin IEEE 1547 (US) da EN 50549 (EU).
• Ma'aunin aunawa da kuma telemetry.Ana buƙatar haɗin ma'aunin kuɗin shiga da na'urorin lantarki don shiga cikin amsawar buƙata da bin ƙa'idodin haraji.
• Ƙarfin iko da harmonics.Dole ne inverters na caji su riƙe ƙarfin lantarki da kuma karkacewar jituwa a cikin iyakokin lambar grid; kayan aikin PCS da aka tabbatar galibi suna gamsar da waɗannan, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar binciken matakin wurin.

Saboda layukan haɗin kai sune mafi tsayin lokacin jagora a yawancin ayyuka, masu aiki masu wayo suna shigar da aikace-aikacen grid a layi ɗaya tare da siye maimakon bayan zaɓar kayan aiki.

Takaddun shaida a matsayin Samun Kasuwa

Alamomin takardar shaida sune matakin ƙarshe, wanda ba za a iya yin sulhu a kai ba. Suna mayar da samfurin da ya dace da fasaha zuwa wanda doka ta amince da shi:

• Alamar CE (EU)— sanarwar kai da aka samu goyon bayan kimantawar LVD, EMC, da RED; wajibi ne ga tallace-tallacen EU. Samfurin da ke da takardar shaidar gwajin CB yana samun karɓuwa mai sauƙi a faɗin ƙasashe sama da 50.
• UKCA- kwatancen Burtaniya bayan Brexit don tallace-tallace na Burtaniya.
• UL / ETL (Amurka da Kanada)- UL 2594/UL 2202 don EVSE da UL 9540/UL 9540A don ajiya sune alamun shigarwar kasuwa; CUL yana ƙara ɗaukar hoto zuwa Kanada.
• TÜV / wasu alamun NRTL- ana karɓar su a kasuwanni da yawa kuma galibi masu inshora da masu kuɗi ke ƙayyade su.

Takardar shaida kuma tana kare kuɗin mai siye: masu ba da lamuni suna ƙara ƙin karɓar kuɗaɗen caji ba tare da takardar shaidar da aka amince da ita ba, saboda kayan aiki marasa alama suna ɗauke da haɗarin da ba za a iya inshora ba. Tashar caji ta [CCS/NACS/CHAdeMO 200 kWh BESS](https://www.midapower.com/ccs-nacs-chademo-200kwh-120kw-bess-charging-station-energy-storage-ev-charger-piles-product/) wacce ke zuwa tare da takaddun gwajinsa da sanarwar bin ƙa'idodi yana barin aikin ya tsallake watanni na sake gwadawa.

Yin aiki tare da Masana'anta Mai Biyan Buƙatu

Tsarin dokoki mafi inganci shine a mayar da haɗarin takardar shaida zuwa ɓangaren samar da kayayyaki. Ya kamata a buƙaci takamaiman bayanin sayayya, kafin siyan:

1. Sanarwa game da daidaitodon kasuwar da aka nufa (rahoton CE, UKCA, UL, ko CB); 2.Takaitattun bayanai na UN38.3 da MSDSga dukkan tubalan batirin; 3.Tsarin OCPP 2.0.1 da ISO 15118kalamai, gami da rahotannin gwaji inda akwai; 4.Bayanan bin ƙa'idodin lambar Grid(sakamakon gwajin IEEE 1547 ko EN 50549) don PCS; 5.Ma'aunin tsaron batirintakardu (IEC 62619 / UL 1973, da kuma bayanan gwajin matakin tantanin halitta na 9540A don kasuwannin UL).

Masana'antun da suka haɗa batirin, caja, da EMS—kamar gidan MIDA na [2 MWh 960 kW BESS caja](https://www.midapower.com/2mwh-960kw-bess-charging-station-megawatt-ev-charger-solar-battery-storage-system-product/)—za su iya samar da wannan takaddun ga tsarin gaba ɗaya maimakon fakitin takaddun shaida na masu siyarwa. Wannan hanyar bin doka ta tushe ɗaya ita ce bambanci tsakanin zagayowar makonni shida da ta watanni shida.

Kammalawa

Bin ƙa'idojin tsarin caji na BESS ba akwati ɗaya ba ne; tarin ƙa'idodin haɗi ne masu layi, ƙa'idodin sadarwa, lambobin tsaron baturi, ƙa'idodin haɗin grid, da takaddun shaida na kasuwa. Kowane matakin ana iya sani, ana iya yin rubutu, kuma - a cikin mahimmanci - ana iya siyan sa a gaba. Masu siye waɗanda suka ƙayyade tsarin da aka tabbatar, waɗanda aka kammala tsarin haɗin gwiwa, suna shigar da haɗin kai da wuri, kuma suna tabbatar da takardu kafin a biya su za su iya kammala izini cikin makonni. Waɗanda suka ɗauki bin ƙa'idodi a matsayin tunani bayan haka sun gano shi a mafi munin lokaci: a ƙofar kwastam, a teburin shugaban kashe gobara, ko kuma a cikin binciken mai ba da lamuni. A cikin kasuwa inda saurin zuwa aiki ke ƙayyade riba, ingantaccen tsari fa'ida ce ta gasa, ba aikin gudanarwa ba.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Waɗanne takaddun shaida nake buƙata don sayarwa ko tura na'urar caji ta BESS a Turai?Alamar CE (LVD, EMC, RED) da takardar shaidar gwajin CB sune tushen; Birtaniya tana buƙatar UKCA. Bin ƙa'idodin matakin haɗawa yana nufin CCS2, kuma jadawalin AFIR yana tura goyon bayan OCPP 2.0.1 da ISO 15118.

2. Menene bambanci tsakanin UL 9540 da UL 9540A?UL 9540 ta tabbatar da cikakken tsarin adana makamashi a matsayin samfuri; UL 9540A hanya ce ta gwajin kare wuta don yaɗuwar zafi. Ayyukan Arewacin Amurka galibi suna buƙatar duka biyun, tare da amincewar lambar wuta ta matakin wurin bayanai ta 9540A.

3. Shin tashar caji ta BESS tana buƙatar izinin kashe gobara ta musamman?Eh. Ajiye na'urorin ajiya na wucin gadi yana haifar da buƙatun lambar wuta kamar NFPA 855 (US) ko makamancin haka na ƙasa, wanda ya shafi tazara, iska, dannewa, da kuma shiga gaggawa. Sinadarin LFP yana sauƙaƙa bin ƙa'ida idan aka kwatanta da NMC.

4. Shin OCPP 2.0.1 dole ne?Ba dole ba ne a ko'ina, amma ana buƙatarsa ​​ko kuma ana fifita shi sosai a cikin tsarin cajin jama'a na EU da yawancin tayin Arewacin Amurka saboda ƙarfin tsaro da ikon caji mai wayo. Sabbin kayan aiki ya kamata su ƙayyade shi.

5. Shin tashar BESS ɗaya za ta iya yin hidima ga motocin CCS2 da NACS?Kawai tare da kayan haɗin haɗi da yawa ko na'urorin NACS na asali tare da adaftar. Ka'idojin haɗin haɗi sun shafi kasuwa: CCS2 don Turai, CCS1/NACS don Arewacin Amurka, GBT don China, CHAdeMO don motocin da suka gada na Japan.

6. Waɗanne ƙa'idoji ne suka shafi jigilar batir na'urorin BESS?Ana buƙatar gwajin UN38.3 ga dukkan ƙwayoyin lithium da fakitin da aka aika zuwa ƙasashen duniya, tare da ingantaccen marufi da takardu bisa ga ƙa'idodin IATA/IMDG/ADR. Masu siye ya kamata su nemi taƙaitaccen bayani game da UN38.3 kafin a kawo su.

7. Har yaushe amincewa da ƙa'idoji ke ɗaukar shafin yanar gizo na BESS?Tare da kayan aiki da aka riga aka tabbatar da inganci da kuma shigar da bayanai kan haɗin gwiwa da wuri, izinin yawanci yana ɗaukar makonni 4-12. Ba tare da su ba, sake gwadawa, sake fasalin lambar wuta, da jinkirin layin kayan aiki na iya tura ayyukan zuwa watanni 12.